Postero-anterior radiogram of the knee in weight-bearing and semiflexion

1997 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1063-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Boegård ◽  
O. Rudling ◽  
I. F. Petersson ◽  
J. Sanfridsson ◽  
T. Saxne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Joint Space Narrowing ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Joint Space ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Turbo Spin Echo ◽  
Chronic Knee Pain ◽  
Width Measurements

Purpose: the purpose was four-fold: to assess the reproducibility of p.a. weight-bearing radiograms of the knee and the minimal joint-space (MJS) width measurements in these radiograms; to compare the MJS with MR-detected cartilage defects; to evaluate the location of these cartilage defects; and to estimate the relation between meniscal abnormalities and joint-space narrowing Material and Methods: Fifty-nine individuals, aged 41–58 years (mean 50), with chronic knee pain were examined by means of p.a. weight-bearing radiograms in semi-flexion with fluoroscopic guidance of the knee joint. the MJS was measured with a standard ruler. on the same day MR imaging was performed with proton-density- and T2-weighted turbo spin-echo on a 1.0 T imager. Meniscal abnormalities and cartilage defects in the tibiofemoral joint (TFJ) were noted Results and Conclusion: the p.a. view of the knee and the MJS measurements were reproducible. MJS of 3 mm is a limit in diagnosing joint-space narrowing in knees with MR-detected cartilage defects. There was a high proportion <p<0.001) of meniscal abnormality within the narrowed compartments in comparison with those that were not narrowed. A larger number of the cartilage defects (p<0.05) was found in the medial femoral condyle than in any of the other condyles of the TFJ. the defects had a dorsal location <p<0.001) as shown in the weight-bearing radiograms of the knee in semiflexion

Joint-space width in the axial view of the patello-femoral joint

1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Boegård ◽  
O. Rudling ◽  
I. F. Petersson ◽  
J. Sanfridsson ◽  
T. Saxne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Pain ◽  
Joint Space Width ◽  
Joint Space ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Bony Landmark ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Chronic Knee Pain ◽  
Articular Surfaces ◽  
Axial View

Purpose: to validate a bony landmark on the dorsal aspect of the patella for measurement of the interbone distance in the axial radiogram of the patello-femoral joint (PFJ); to assess the reproducibility of this radiogram and the minimal joint-space (MJS) width measurements in the medial and lateral compartments of the PFJ in this view; and to relate the MJS of the PFJ to MR-detected cartilage defects in the same joint Material and Methods: Fifty-seven individuals with chronic knee pain (aged 41–58 years, mean 50 years) were examined with an axial view of the PFJ in the standing position. the MJS was measured with a mm-graded ruler. on the same day, an MR examination was performed with proton density- and T2-weighted turbo spin-echo sequences on a 1.0 T imager. We noted the cartilage defects in the PFJ in axial and sagittal MR images, and the shape of the sub-chondral cortex of the medial and lateral articular surfaces of the patella in sagittal MR images Results and Conclusion: the bony landmark was found on all articular surfaces. the axial view of the PFJ and the MJS measurements were reproducible. an MJS of < 5 mm showed high specificity for MR-detected cartilage defects. Thus an MJS of 5 mm proved to be a limit in the diagnosis of joint-space narrowing in the PFJ in middle-aged individuals with chronic knee pain

scholarly journals High systemic bone mineral density increases the risk of incident knee OA and joint space narrowing, but not radiographic progression of existing knee OA: the MOST study

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (01) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C Nevitt ◽  
Y Zhang ◽  
M K Javaid ◽  
T Neogi ◽  
J R Curtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Joint Space Narrowing ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Joint Space ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Increased Risk

Objectives:Previous studies suggest that high systemic bone mineral density (BMD) is associated with incident knee osteoarthritis (OA) defined by osteophytes but not with joint space narrowing (JSN), and are inconsistent regarding BMD and progression of existing OA. The association of BMD with incident and progressive tibiofemoral OA was tested in a large prospective study of men and women aged 50–79 years with or at risk for knee OA.Methods:Baseline and 30-month weight-bearing posteroanterior and lateral knee radiographs were scored for Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grade, JSN and osteophytes. Incident OA was defined as the development of K-L grade ⩾2 at follow-up. All knees were classified for increases in grade of JSN and osteophytes from baseline. The association of gender-specific quartiles of baseline BMD with risk of incident and progressive OA was analysed using logistic regression, adjusting for covariates.Results:The mean (SD) age of 1754 subjects was 63.2 (7.8) years and body mass index was 29.9 (5.4) kg/m2. In knees without baseline OA, higher femoral neck and whole body BMD were associated with an increased risk of incident OA and increases in grade of JSN and osteophytes (p<0.01 for trends); adjusted odds were 2.3–2.9-fold greater in the highest compared with the lowest BMD quartiles. In knees with existing OA, progression was not significantly related to BMD.Conclusions:In knees without OA, higher systemic BMD was associated with a greater risk of the onset of JSN and K-L grade ⩾2. The role of systemic BMD in early knee OA pathogenesis warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Association of Acute Inflammatory Cytokines, Fracture Malreduction, and Functional Outcome 12 Months After Intra-articular Ankle Fracture – A Prospective Cohort Study of 46 Patients with Ankle Fractures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
That Minh Pham
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Joint Space Narrowing ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Joint Space ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Ankle Surgery ◽  
Cytokine Levels

Abstract Background Several malreduction criteria have been proposed for ankle surgery, but the criteria of most importance for functional outcome remain undetermined. Furthermore, the acute inflammatory response in the ankle joint after fracture is hypothesized to result in osteoarthritis development, but no study has investigated the correlation between the levels of these inflammatory cytokines and post-surgical functional outcomes. We aimed to identify malreduction criteria and inflammatory cytokines associated with functional outcome after ankle surgery.MethodsDuring surgery, synovial fluid from the fractured and healthy contralateral ankles of 46 patients was collected for chemiluminescence analysis of 22 inflammatory cytokines and metabolic proteins. The quality of fracture reduction was based on 9 criteria on plain X-rays and 5 criteria on weight-bearing computed tomography (WBCT) scans. After 3 and 12 months, we recorded scores on American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scale, the Danish version of Foot Function Index (FFI-DK), EQ-5D-5L index score, the Kellgren Lawrence score, and joint space narrowing. ResultsTibiofibular (TF) overlap (p=0.02) and dime sign (p=0.008) correlated with FFI-DK. Tibiotalar tilt correlated positively with joint space narrowing at 3 months (p=0.01) and 12 months (p=0.03). TF widening correlated with FFI-DK (p=0.04), AOFAS (p=0.02), and EQ-5D-5L (p=0.02). No consistent correlations between synovial cytokine levels and functional outcomes were found at 12 months.ConclusionsMalreduction of TF overlap, TF widening, and tibiotalar tilt were the most important criteria for functional outcome after ankle surgery. Increased inflammatory cytokine levels after fracture did not affect functional outcome at 12 months.Trial registration: This cohort study is registered the 10th of December 2018 at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03769909, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03769909), was approved by the local committee on health ethics (The Regional Committees on Health Research Ethics for Southern Denmark: J.No. S-20170139), and was reported to the National Danish Data Protection Agency (17/28505).

Acoustic noise reduction in T 1- and proton-density-weighted turbo spin-echo imaging

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ott ◽  
Martin Blaimer ◽  
Felix Breuer ◽  
David Grodzki ◽  
Björn Heismann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Acoustic Noise ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Turbo Spin Echo ◽  
Turbo Spin

Post-Run T2 Mapping Changes in Knees of Adolescent Basketball Players

Cartilage ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 194760352110218
Author(s):  
Yigal Chechik ◽  
Eran Beit Ner ◽  
Oleg Lysyy ◽  
Sigal Tal ◽  
Neta Stern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
T2 Mapping ◽  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Lateral Compartment ◽  
Medial Compartment ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Mri Scan ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Mean Values

Objective: While articular cartilage defects are common incidental findings among adult athletes, the effect of running on the cartilage of adolescent athletes have rarely been assessed. This study aims to assess the variations in the articular cartilage of the knees in healthy adolescent basketball players using quantitative T2 MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). Design: Fifteen adolescent basketball players were recruited (13.8 ± 0.5 years old). Girls were excluded to avoid potential gender-related confounding effects. Players underwent a pre-run MRI scan of both knees. All participants performed a 30-minute run on a treadmill. Within 15 minutes after completion of their run, players underwent a second, post-run MRI scan. Quantitative T2 maps were generated using the echo modulation curve (EMC) algorithm. Pre-run scans and post-run scans were compared using paired t test. Results: Participants finished their 30-minute run with a mean running distance of 5.77 ± 0.42 km. Pre-run scans analysis found statistically significant ( P < 0.05) changes in 3 regions of the knee lateral compartment representing the cartilaginous tissue. No differences were found in the knee medial compartment. Post-run analysis showed lower T2 values in the medial compartment compared to the pre-run scans in several weight-bearing regions: femoral condyle central (pre/post mean values of 33.9/32.2 ms, P = 0.020); femoral condyle posterior (38.1/36.8 ms, P = 0.038); and tibial plateau posterior (34.1/31.0 ms, P < 0.001). The lateral regions did not show any significant changes. Conclusions: Running leads to microstructural changes in the articular cartilage in several weight-bearing areas of the medial compartment, both in the femoral and the tibial cartilage.

scholarly journals The Combination of the Tunnel View and Weight-Bearing Anteroposterior Radiographs Improves the Detection of Knee Arthritis

Arthritis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladapo M. Babatunde ◽  
Jonathan R. Danoff ◽  
David A. Patrick ◽  
Jonathan H. Lee ◽  
Jonathan K. Kazam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Pain ◽  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Joint Space Narrowing ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Joint Space ◽  
Lateral Tibial Plateau ◽  
Knee Arthritis ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Radiographic Osteoarthritis ◽  
Painful Knee

Imaging used for the evaluation of knee pain has historically included weight-bearing anteroposterior (AP), lateral, and sunrise radiographs. We wished to evaluate the utility of adding the weight-bearing (WB) posteroanterior (PA) view of the knee in flexion. We hypothesize that (1) the WB tunnel view can detect radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) not visualized on the WB AP, (2) the combination of the AP and tunnel view increases the radiographic detection of OA, and (3) this may provide additional information to the clinician evaluating knee pain. We retrospectively reviewed the WB AP and tunnel view radiographs of 100 knees (74 patients) presenting with knee pain and analyzed for evidence of arthritis. The combination of the WB tunnel view and WB AP significantly increased the detection of joint space narrowing in the lateral (p<0.001) and medial (p=0.006) compartments over the AP view alone. The combined views significantly improved the identification of medial subchondral cysts (p=0.022), sclerosis of the lateral tibial plateau (p=0.041), and moderate-to-large osteophytes in the medial compartment (p=0.012), intercondylar notch (p<0.001), and tibial spine (p<0.001). The WB tunnel view is an effective tool to provide additional information on affected compartments in the painful knee, not provided by the AP image alone.

scholarly journals Safety and Efficacy of Kartigen® in Treating Cartilage Defects: A Randomized, Controlled, Phase I Trial

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3029
Author(s):  
Yen-Liang Liu ◽  
Chun-Che Yen ◽  
Tzu-Shang Thomas Liu ◽  
Chih-Hung Chang ◽  
Tiffany Ting-Fang Shih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Autologous Bone Marrow ◽  
International Knee Documentation Committee ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Recipient Site ◽  
Second Look ◽  
Second Year

Here, we aimed to investigate the safety and preliminary efficacy of Kartigen®, a matrix with autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived chondrocyte precursors embedded in atelocollagen. As a surgical graft, Kartigen® was implanted onto the cartilage defects at the weight-bearing site of the medial femoral condyle of the knee. Fifteen patients were enrolled and stratified into two groups, undergoing either Kartigen® implantation (n = 10) or microfracture (control group, n = 5). The primary endpoint was to evaluate the safety of Kartigen® by monitoring the occurrence of adverse events through physician queries, physical examinations, laboratory tests, and radiological analyses for 2 years. There were no infections, inflammations, adhesions, loose body, or tumor formations in the Kartigen®-implanted knees. The preliminary efficacy was assessed using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, visual analog scale, and second-look arthroscopy. The postoperative IKDC scores of the Kartigen® group significantly improved in the 16th week (IKDC = 62.1 ± 12.8, p = 0.025), kept increasing in the first year (IKDC = 78.2 ± 15.4, p < 0.005), and remained satisfactory in the second year (IKDC = 73.6 ± 13.8, p < 0.005), compared to the preoperative condition (IKDC = 47.1 ± 17.0), while the postoperative IKDC scores of the control group also achieved significant improvement in the 28th week (IKDC = 68.5 ± 6.1, p = 0.032) versus preoperative state (IKDC = 54.0 ± 9.1). However, the IKDC scores decreased in the first year (IKDC = 63.5 ± 11.6) as well as in the second year (IKDC = 52.6 ± 16.4). Thirteen patients underwent second-look arthroscopy and biopsy one year after the operation. The Kartigen® group exhibited integration between Kartigen® and host tissue with a smooth appearance at the recipient site, whereas the microfracture group showed fibrillated surfaces. The histological and immunohistochemical analyses of biopsy specimens demonstrated the columnar structure of articular cartilage and existence of collagen type II and glycosaminoglycan mimic hyaline cartilage. This study indicates that Kartigen® is safe and effective in treating cartilage defects.

scholarly journals Is Indian osteoarthritis different? Emerging scenarios of disease pattern and implications for diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 531
Author(s):  
Pavankumar Kohli ◽  
Hanumant Waybase ◽  
Poorv Patel ◽  
L. G. Naik ◽  
Rajiv Colaco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Lateral Compartment ◽  
Joint Space ◽  
Cartilage Loss ◽  
Wear Loss ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Femoral Cartilage ◽  
Disease Pattern ◽  
Cartilage Wear

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> There are many studies to show comparative cartilage wear of medial and lateral compartment of knee. However, there are no studies in Indians that compare relative cartilage loss between femur and tibia.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 44 patients with osteoarthritic knee at our center were posted for operative intervention in the form of partial or total knee arthroplasty and included in this study. Each patient had an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (cartogram) and weight bearing X-rays of the same knee. Intraoperative qualitative cartilage loss both femoral and tibial surfaces was observed and confirmed with preop findings of cartilage loss on X-ray or MRI.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The wear/loss of cartilage in 44 patients in femur is approximately twice that of tibia.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Femoral cartilage loss is significantly more than tibia in Indians. These findings carry significance of not waiting for bone on bone arthritis to consider active treatment for Indian osteoarthritis patients. Bone on bone arthritis has so far been considered the litmus test for any intervention for osteoarthritis, even in India. Specific attention should rather be given to the femoral condyle clinically and radiologically. The authors have already described “The Dervan RIM sign” for the same purpose. The wear pattern is different from Caucasians and focus cannot be on joint space narrowing which is only with equally prevalent tibial and femoral cartilage wear.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document