A Functional Evaluation of Prosthetic Foot Kinematics During Lower-Limb Amputee Gait

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Goujon ◽  
X. Bonnet ◽  
P. Sautreuil ◽  
M. Maurisset ◽  
L. Darmon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Foot Kinematics ◽  
Amputation Level ◽  
Prosthetic Foot ◽  
Ankle Kinematics ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Lower Limb Amputee ◽  
Time Distance ◽  
Prosthetic Feet

This paper reports on a functional evaluation of prosthetic feet based on gait analysis. The aim is to analyse prosthetic feet behaviour under loads applied during gait in order to quantify user benefits for each foot. Ten traumatic amputees (six trans-tibial and four trans-femoral) were tested using their own prosthetic foot. An original protocol is presented to calculate the forefoot kinematics together with the overall body kinematics and ground reaction forces during gait. In this work, sagittal motion of the prosthetic ankle and the forefoot, time-distance parameters and ground reaction forces were examined. It is shown that an analysis of not only trans-tibial but also trans-femoral amputees provides an insight in the performance of prosthetic feet. Symmetry and prosthetic propulsive force were proved to be mainly dependant on amputation level. In contrast, the flexion of the prosthetic forefoot and several time-distance parameters are highly influenced by foot design. Correlations show influential of foot and ankle kinematics on other parameters. These results suggest that prosthetic foot efficiency depends simultaneously on foot design and gait style. The evaluation, proposed in this article, associated to clinical examination should help to achieve the best prosthetic foot match to a patient.

scholarly journals Development of Instrumented Running Prosthetic Feet for the Collection of Track Loads on Elite Athletes

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5758
Author(s):  
Nicola Petrone ◽  
Gianfabio Costa ◽  
Gianmario Foscan ◽  
Antonio Gri ◽  
Leonardo Mazzanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Prosthetic Foot ◽  
Biomechanical Modelling ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Prosthetic Feet

Knowledge of loads acting on running specific prostheses (RSP), and in particular on running prosthetic feet (RPF), is crucial for evaluating athletes’ technique, designing safe feet, and biomechanical modelling. The aim of this work was to develop a J-shaped and a C-shaped wearable instrumented running prosthetic foot (iRPF) starting from commercial RPF, suitable for load data collection on the track. The sensing elements are strain gauge bridges mounted on the foot in a configuration that allows decoupling loads parallel and normal to the socket-foot clamp during the stance phase. The system records data on lightweight athlete-worn loggers and transmits them via Wi-Fi to a base station for real-time monitoring. iRPF calibration procedure and static and dynamic validation of predicted ground-reaction forces against those measured by a force platform embedded in the track are reported. The potential application of this wearable system in estimating determinants of sprint performance is presented.

scholarly journals The effect of walking speed on the foot inter-segment kinematics, ground reaction forces and lower limb joint moments

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Sun ◽  
Gusztáv Fekete ◽  
Qichang Mei ◽  
Yaodong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Angle Variation ◽  
Foot Kinematics ◽  
Reaction Forces

Background Normative foot kinematic and kinetic data with different walking speeds will benefit rehabilitation programs and improving gait performance. The purpose of this study was to analyze foot kinematics and kinetics differences between slow walking (SW), normal walking (NW) and fast walking (FW) of healthy subjects. Methods A total of 10 healthy male subjects participated in this study; they were asked to carry out walks at a self-selected speed. After measuring and averaging the results of NW, the subjects were asked to perform a 25% slower and 25% faster walk, respectively. Temporal-spatial parameters, kinematics of the tibia (TB), hindfoot (HF), forefoot (FF) and hallux (HX), and ground reaction forces (GRFs) were recorded while the subjects walked at averaged speeds of 1.01 m/s (SW), 1.34 m/s (NW), and 1.68 m/s (FW). Results Hindfoot relative to tibia (HF/TB) and forefoot relative to hindfoot (FF/HF) dorsiflexion (DF) increased in FW, while hallux relative to forefoot (HX/FF) DF decreased. Increased peak eversion (EV) and peak external rotation (ER) in HF/TB were observed in FW with decreased peak supination (SP) in FF/HF. GRFs were increased significantly with walking speed. The peak values of the knee and ankle moments in the sagittal and frontal planes significantly increased during FW compared with SW and NW. Discussion Limited HF/TB and FF/HF motion of SW was likely compensated for increased HX/FF DF. Although small angle variation in HF/TB EV and FF/HF SP during FW may have profound effects for foot kinetics. Higher HF/TB ER contributed to the FF push-off the ground while the center of mass (COM) progresses forward in FW, therefore accompanied by higher FF/HF abduction in FW. Increased peak vertical GRF in FW may affected by decreased stance duration time, the biomechanical mechanism maybe the change in vertical COM height and increase leg stiffness. Walking speed changes accompanied with modulated sagittal plane ankle moments to alter the braking GRF during loading response. The findings of foot kinematics, GRFs, and lower limb joint moments among healthy males may set a reference to distinguish abnormal and pathological gait patterns.

Magnitude and Spatial Distribution of Impact Intensity Under the Foot Relates to Initial Foot Contact Pattern

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastiaan Breine ◽  
Philippe Malcolm ◽  
Veerle Segers ◽  
Joeri Gerlo ◽  
Rud Derie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Contact Pattern ◽  
Intensity Measure ◽  
Foot Kinematics ◽  
Contact Patterns ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Local Impact ◽  
The Impact

In running, foot contact patterns (rear-, mid-, or forefoot contact) influence impact intensity and initial ankle and foot kinematics. The aim of the study was to compare impact intensity and its spatial distribution under the foot between different foot contact patterns. Forty-nine subjects ran at 3.2 m·s−1 over a level runway while ground reaction forces (GRF) and shoe-surface pressures were recorded and foot contact pattern was determined. A 4-zone footmask (forefoot, midfoot, medial and lateral rearfoot) assessed the spatial distribution of the vertical GRF under the foot. We calculated peak vertical instantaneous loading rate of the GRF (VILR) per foot zone as the impact intensity measure. Midfoot contact patterns were shown to have the lowest, and atypical rearfoot contact patterns the highest impact intensities, respectively. The greatest local impact intensity was mainly situated under the rear- and midfoot for the typical rearfoot contact patterns, under the midfoot for the atypical rearfoot contact patterns, and under the mid- and forefoot for the midfoot contact patterns. These findings indicate that different foot contact patterns could benefit from cushioning in different shoe zones.

scholarly journals Running gait impulse asymmetries in below-knee amputees

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Prince ◽  
P. Allard ◽  
R. G. Therrien ◽  
B. J. McFadyen
Keyword(s):  
Force Plate ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Prosthetic Foot ◽  
Gait Asymmetry ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Flexible Keel

In running, large gait asymmetry is expected due to the inability of the foot prosthesis to comply with the kinematic demands and produce a powerful plantarflexion moment. In this work, interlimb asymmetry in below-knee (BK) amputee running gait was assessed for one rigid and three flexible keel prostheses, using vertical and anteroposterior ground reaction forces and respective impulses. Nine BK amputees and 6 controls participated in this study. The running speed was monitored by two light sensitive detectors while the ground reaction forces were measured with a Kistler force plate. Between the prosthetic side and the sound limb the impulse indicator showed greater asymmetry than the force. Interlimb asymmetry was very much present in all types of prosthesis tested but is less pronounced in the flexible keel prostheses. In the latter, the asymmetry may be associated with the forcetime history modulation rather than its magnitude alone. Generally, the impulses better describe interlimb asymmetry and the forces allow a greater discrimination between prosthetic foot types.

scholarly journals Development of a Passive and Slope Adaptable Prosthetic Foot

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Amiot ◽  
Rachel M. Schmidt ◽  
Angwei Law ◽  
Erich P. Meinig ◽  
Lynn Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Hydraulic Circuit ◽  
Stored Energy ◽  
Prosthetic Foot ◽  
System Pressure ◽  
Reaction Forces

Historically, users of prosthetic ankles have relied on actively operated systems to provide effective slope adaptability. However, there are many drawbacks to these systems. This research builds upon work previously completed by Hansen et al. as it develops a passive, hydraulically operated prosthetic ankle with the capability of adapting to varying terrain in every step. Using gait cycle data and an analysis of ground reaction forces, the team determined that weight activation was the most effective way to activate the hydraulic circuit. Evaluations of the system pressure and energy showed that although the spring damper system results in a loss of 9J of energy to the user, the footplate stores 34J more than a standard prosthesis. Therefore, the hydraulic prosthetic provides a 54% increase in stored energy when compared to a standard prosthesis. The hydraulic circuit manifold prototype was manufactured and tested. Through proof of concept testing, the prototype proved to be slope adaptable by successfully achieving a plantarflexion angle of 16 degrees greater than a standard prosthetic foot currently available on the market.

13.11 Functional evaluation of prosthetic foot kinematicsduring lower-limb amputee gait

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. S77-S78
Author(s):  
H. Goujon ◽  
X. Bonnet ◽  
P. Sautreuil ◽  
M. Maurisset ◽  
D. Darmon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Prosthetic Foot ◽  
Lower Limb Amputee ◽  
Amputee Gait

The Effect of Custom-Made Braces for the Ankle and Hindfoot on Ankle and Foot Kinematics and Ground Reaction Forces

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold B. Kitaoka ◽  
Xavier M. Crevoisier ◽  
Kimberly Harbst ◽  
Diana Hansen ◽  
Brian Kotajarvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Foot Kinematics ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Ankle And Foot

Multi-segment foot kinematics and ground reaction forces during gait of individuals with plantar fasciitis

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 2571-2577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Chang ◽  
Pedro A. Rodrigues ◽  
Richard E.A. Van Emmerik ◽  
Joseph Hamill
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Foot Kinematics ◽  
Reaction Forces

scholarly journals A biomechanical comparison of the SACH, Seattle and Jaipur feet using ground reaction forces

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Arya ◽  
A. Lees ◽  
H. C. Nerula ◽  
L. Klenerman
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Prosthetic Foot ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Biomechanical Comparison ◽  
Force Data

The Jaipur prosthetic foot was developed in India in response to specific socio-cultural needs of Indian amputees. It is being used extensively in India and several other developing countries. Its claim of being a cheaper and satisfactory alternative to other prosthetic feet has not been investigated biomechanically. The present study was undertaken to compare its biomechanical properties with the SACH and Seattle feet, using ground reaction forces. Three trans-tibial amputees participated in the experiment which measured the ground reaction force data using a Kistler force plate. Subject's normal foot was used as a reference. Six variables from the vertical and anteroposterior components of ground reaction forces were quantified, their statistical analysis showed that the normal foot generates significantly larger ground reaction forces than the prosthetic foot. The shock absortion capacity of the SACH foot was found to be better when compared with the other two feet, while the Jaipur foot allowed a more natural gait and was closer in performance to the normal foot. None of the prostheses significantly influenced the locomotor style of the amputees.

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