How do older adults process icons during a navigation task? Effects of aging, semantic distance, and text label

Purpose The main purpose of this study was to evaluate aging effects on the predominantly subcortical (brainstem) encoding of the second-formant frequency transition, an essential acoustic cue for perceiving place of articulation. Method Synthetic consonant–vowel syllables varying in second-formant onset frequency (i.e., /ba/, /da/, and /ga/ stimuli) were used to elicit speech-evoked auditory brainstem responses (speech-ABRs) in 16 young adults ( M age = 21 years) and 11 older adults ( M age = 59 years). Repeated-measures mixed-model analyses of variance were performed on the latencies and amplitudes of the speech-ABR peaks. Fixed factors were phoneme (repeated measures on three levels: /b/ vs. /d/ vs. /g/) and age (two levels: young vs. older). Results Speech-ABR differences were observed between the two groups (young vs. older adults). Specifically, older listeners showed generalized amplitude reductions for onset and major peaks. Significant Phoneme × Group interactions were not observed. Conclusions Results showed aging effects in speech-ABR amplitudes that may reflect diminished subcortical encoding of consonants in older listeners. These aging effects were not phoneme dependent as observed using the statistical methods of this study.

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Effects of aging on emotion recognition from dynamic multimodal expressions and vocalizations

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82135-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Diana S. Cortes ◽

Christina Tornberg ◽

Tanja Bänziger ◽

Hillary Anger Elfenbein ◽

Håkan Fischer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Emotion Recognition ◽

Positive Emotions ◽

Negative Emotions ◽

Group Differences ◽

Significant Group ◽

Positivity Effect ◽

Video Recordings ◽

Age Related ◽

Effects Of Aging

AbstractAge-related differences in emotion recognition have predominantly been investigated using static pictures of facial expressions, and positive emotions beyond happiness have rarely been included. The current study instead used dynamic facial and vocal stimuli, and included a wider than usual range of positive emotions. In Task 1, younger and older adults were tested for their abilities to recognize 12 emotions from brief video recordings presented in visual, auditory, and multimodal blocks. Task 2 assessed recognition of 18 emotions conveyed by non-linguistic vocalizations (e.g., laughter, sobs, and sighs). Results from both tasks showed that younger adults had significantly higher overall recognition rates than older adults. In Task 1, significant group differences (younger > older) were only observed for the auditory block (across all emotions), and for expressions of anger, irritation, and relief (across all presentation blocks). In Task 2, significant group differences were observed for 6 out of 9 positive, and 8 out of 9 negative emotions. Overall, results indicate that recognition of both positive and negative emotions show age-related differences. This suggests that the age-related positivity effect in emotion recognition may become less evident when dynamic emotional stimuli are used and happiness is not the only positive emotion under study.

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Effects of aging and noncanonical form presentation on idiom processing: Evidence from eye tracking

Applied Psycholinguistics ◽

10.1017/s0142716420000612 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-27

Author(s):

Katja I. Haeuser ◽

Shari Baum ◽

Debra Titone

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Eye Movements ◽

Eye Tracking ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Idiom Comprehension ◽

First Pass ◽

Effects Of Aging ◽

Open Question ◽

Idiom Processing ◽

Noncanonical Form

Abstract Comprehending idioms (e.g., bite the bullet) requires that people appreciate their figurative meanings while suppressing literal interpretations of the phrase. While much is known about idioms, an open question is how healthy aging and noncanonical form presentation affect idiom comprehension when the task is to read sentences silently for comprehension. Here, younger and older adults read sentences containing idioms or literal phrases, while we monitored their eye movements. Idioms were presented in a canonical or a noncanonical form (e.g., bite the iron bullet). To assess whether people integrate figurative or literal interpretations of idioms, a disambiguating region that was figuratively or literally biased followed the idiom in each sentence. During early stages of reading, older adults showed facilitation for canonical idioms, suggesting a greater sensitivity to stored idiomatic forms. During later stages of reading, older adults showed slower reading times when canonical idioms were biased toward their literal interpretation, suggesting they were more likely to interpret idioms figuratively on the first pass. In contrast, noncanonical form presentation slowed comprehension of figurative meanings comparably in younger and older participants. We conclude that idioms may be more strongly entrenched in older adults, and that noncanonical form presentation slows comprehension of figurative meanings.

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Measuring the effects of aging and sex on regional brain stiffness with MR elastography in healthy older adults

NeuroImage ◽

10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.016 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 111 ◽

pp. 59-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 99

Author(s):

Arvin Arani ◽

Matthew C. Murphy ◽

Kevin J. Glaser ◽

Armando Manduca ◽

David S. Lake ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Mr Elastography ◽

Healthy Older Adults ◽

Regional Brain ◽

Effects Of Aging

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A 13-year prospective cohort study on the effects of aging and frailty on the depression-pain relationship in older adults

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry ◽

10.1002/gps.4224 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 30 (7) ◽

pp. 751-757 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Joost B. Sanders ◽

Hannie C. Comijs ◽

Marijke A. Bremmer ◽

Dorly J. H. Deeg ◽

Aartjan T. F. Beekman

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Effects Of Aging

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Effects of aging on motor control strategies during bimanual isometric force control

Adaptive Behavior ◽

10.1177/1059712319849896 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 267-275

Author(s):

Yan Jin ◽

JiWon Seong ◽

YoungChae Cho ◽

BumChul Yoon

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Motor Control ◽

Control Strategy ◽

Force Control ◽

Isometric Force ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Force Variability ◽

Dual Tasking ◽

Effects Of Aging ◽

Force Accuracy

Aging-induced degeneration of the neuromuscular system would result in deteriorated complex muscle force coordination and difficulty in executing daily activities that require both hands. The aim of this study was to provide a basic description of how aging and dual-task activity would affect the motor control strategy during bimanual isometric force control in healthy adults. In total, 17 young adults (aged 25.1 ± 2.4 years) and 14 older adults (aged 72.6 ± 3.4 years) participated in the study. The subjects were instructed to press both hands simultaneously to match the 1 Hz sine curve force under two conditions (with or without calculation) with continuous visual feedback. Differences in bimanual motor synergy, bimanual coordination, force accuracy, force variability, and calculation speed were compared. This study found that the specific motor control strategy of older adults involved a decreased bimanual force control ability with both increased VUCM and VORT, and was not influenced by dual tasking. These findings might have implications for establishing interventions for aging-induced hand force control deficits.

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Aging, Attention, and Bimanual Coordination

Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement ◽

10.1017/s0714980800002087 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 549-557 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Timothy D. Lee ◽

Laurie R. Wishart ◽

Jason E. Murdoch

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Bimanual Coordination ◽

Alternative Explanation ◽

Digit Number ◽

Younger Adults ◽

Age Related ◽

Movement Frequency ◽

Effects Of Aging ◽

Coordination Patterns

ABSTRACTAlthough aging is normally associated with declines in motor performance, recent evidence suggests that older adults suffer no loss in some measures of bimanual coordination relative to younger adults. Two hypotheses for this finding were compared in the present research. One hypothesis was based on the assumption that these coordination patterns are automatic and relatively impervious to the effects of aging. An alternative explanation is that older adults maintain this level of bimanual coordination at a cost of increased attention demand. These hypotheses were tested in an experiment in which bimanual coordination patterns (in-phase and anti-phase) were paced at two metronome frequencies (1 and 2 Hz), either alone or together, with serial performance of an attention-demanding task (adding 3s to a two-digit number at a 1 Hz pace). The results of the study provided some support for both hypotheses. The automaticity view was supported only for the coordination patterns at the 1 Hz metronome frequency. Support for an attention allocation hypothesis was shown in the observed-movement frequency data, as older adults tended to sacrifice movement frequency at the 2 Hz metronome pace in order to maintain performance in the movement and counting tasks. These findings are discussed relative to recent accounts of the role of automaticity in the absence of age-related differences in the performance of cognitive tasks.

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Effects of aging and insulin resistant states on protein anabolic responses in older adults

Experimental Gerontology ◽

10.1016/j.exger.2018.04.025 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 108 ◽

pp. 262-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Jose A. Morais ◽

Kathryn Wright Jacob ◽

Stéphanie Chevalier

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Insulin Resistant ◽

Effects Of Aging

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Walking and talking: Dual-task effects on street crossing behavior in older adults.

Psychology and Aging ◽

10.1037/a0021566 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 260-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 94

Author(s):

Mark B. Neider ◽

John G. Gaspar ◽

Jason S. McCarley ◽

James A. Crowell ◽

Henry Kaczmarski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Dual Task ◽

Street Crossing ◽

Task Effects

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Age Differences in Source Monitoring and Referent Discrimination

The Spanish Journal of Psychology ◽

10.5209/rev_sjop.2012.v15.n1.37280 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 20-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Trinidad Ruiz-Gallego-Largo ◽

Teresa Simón ◽

Aurora G. Suengas

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Young Adults ◽

Age Differences ◽

Source Monitoring ◽

Age Groups ◽

The Other ◽

Reality Monitoring ◽

Monitoring Framework ◽

Effects Of Aging ◽

Two Age Groups

In contrast to previous studies which addressed separately memory for source and referent, the present experiment analyzes the effects of aging on memory for both, source and referent. The experiment simulated a conversation between two people exchanging descriptors of themselves and the other speaker (e.g., “I am helpful,” “you are capable”). Participants (N = 60) were divided into two age groups: younger (M = 23.47 years old, SD = 2.37), older (M = 70.30 years old, SD = 3.73). Recall, recognition, and accuracy in identifying source (e.g., “who said helpful?”) and referent (e.g., “about whom was capable said?”) were analyzed. Younger and older adults recalled and recognized equally well information read by the experimenter about herself, but only young adults showed better memory for the descriptors they read about themselves. Older adults were impaired in source monitoring, but not in reference discrimination. Normal referent discrimination in older adults is attributed to the fact that the referent forms part of the content of the episode, whereas who spoke it is part of its context, and older adults tend to show greater deficits in context than in content memory. These results are explained within the source and reality monitoring framework.

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