Relationship between Phenolic and Antioxidant Concentration of Humulus lupulus and Alpha Acid Content

Paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) at 1.1 and 2.2 kg/ha and paraquat + dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) at 1.1 + 0.7 kg/ha controlled redroot pigweed(Amaranthus retroflexusL.) and barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv.] in hops (Humulus lupulusL. ‘Yakima Cluster’) without reducing hop yield or the alpha and beta acid content of the hop cones. Three applications at about 3-week intervals were required to control weeds until harvest. Two applications controlled hop sucker growth. Paraquat at more than 0.6 kg/ha in the third application caused excessive reduction in hop sucker growth.

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Identification of QTLs for alpha acid content and yield in hop (Humulus Lupulus L.)

Euphytica ◽

10.1007/s10681-009-9920-9 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 170 (1-2) ◽

pp. 141-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Andreja Cerenak ◽

Zlatko Satovic ◽

Jernej Jakse ◽

Zlata Luthar ◽

Klaudija Carovic-Stanko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acid Content ◽

Humulus Lupulus ◽

Humulus Lupulus L

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The impact of weather conditions on alpha-acid content in hop (Humulus lupulus L.) cv. Aurora

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/344/2020-pse ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (No. 10) ◽

pp. 519-525

Author(s):

Douglas MacKinnon ◽

Viljem Pavlovič ◽

Barbara Čeh ◽

Boštjan Naglič ◽

Martin Pavlovič

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Acid Content ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Humulus Lupulus ◽

Forecasting Model ◽

Time Period ◽

Humulus Lupulus L ◽

Time Of Year ◽

The Impact

The influence of four main weather attributes on the content of alpha-acids of the hop cv. Aurora for the period 1994–2019 was studied. By analysing correlation coefficients, specific times of the year when the weather conditions affect the alpha-acid content with the goal of creating a forecasting model in Slovenia were identified. The most significant periods of weather that impacted the alpha-acid contents throughout the growing time of year are recognised as attributes of temperatures (T), rainfall (R) and sunshine (S) calculated from the 25th to 30th week (T2530, r = –0.78, P < 0.01; R2529, r = 0.72, P < 0.01 and S2529, r = –0.81, P < 0.01) and attributes of relative humidity (RH) from the 27th to 32nd week (RH2732, r = 0.82, P < 0.01). T2530 stands for the amount of active temperatures from June 18 to July 29. Likewise, R2530 matches to the precipitation (in mm or L/m2) during the same time period.

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Transfer of the hop (Humulus lupulus L.) alpha-bitter acid content to progenies of F1 and I1 generations in selected parental components

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/4124-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 49 (No. 6) ◽

pp. 269-276

Author(s):

V. Nesvadba ◽

J. Černý ◽

K. Krofta

Keyword(s):

Acid Content ◽

Humulus Lupulus ◽

Initial Material ◽

Probability Level ◽

Humulus Lupulus L ◽

Bitter Acid ◽

F1 Generation

In the period 1999–2001 the transfer of a-acid content from selected parents to their progenies was evaluated. Four female plants (English varieties Target and Yeoman, German variety Magnum and Czech variety Premiant) and four male plants from the gene resources of male hops (82/6, 86/4, 87/3, clone 72) were chosen as the initial material. Progenies of F1 generation of Magnum and Yeoman show significantly higher a-acid content compared to the progenies of other female hops. Progenies of F1 generation of male plants 86/4 and 87/3 show significantly higher a-acid content compared to the progenies of other male plants. Progenies of I1 generation of Magnum variety and male 86/4 contain the highest amount of a-acids. Progenies of F1 generation have higher a-acid content at the 99% probability level compared to the progenies of I1 generation. Progenies of both generations show nearly the same variability.

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Genetic mapping of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) applied to the detection of QTLs for alpha-acid content

Genome ◽

10.1139/g06-007 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 49 (5) ◽

pp. 485-494 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Andreja Cerenak ◽

Zlatko Satovic ◽

Branka Javornik

Keyword(s):

Acid Content ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Humulus Lupulus ◽

Genetic Maps ◽

Phenotypic Variance ◽

Linkage Groups ◽

Humulus Lupulus L ◽

Bitter Acid ◽

The Stability ◽

Map Distance

The map locations and effects of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were estimated for alpha-acid content in hop (Humulus lupulus L.) using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and microsatellite marker (simple sequence repeat (SSR)) genetic linkage maps constructed from a double pseudotestcross. The mapping population consisted of 111 progeny from a cross between the German hop cultivar 'Magnum', which exhibits high levels of alpha-acids, and a wild Slovene male hop, 2/1. The progeny segregated quantitatively for alpha-acid content determined in 2002, 2003, and 2004. The maternal map consisted of 96 markers mapped on 14 linkage groups defining 661.90 cM of total map distance. The paternal map included 70 markers assigned to 12 linkage groups covering 445.90 cM of hop genome. QTL analysis indicated 4 putative QTLs (alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, and alpha4) on linkage groups (LGs) 03, 01, 09, and 03 of the female map, respectively. QTLs explained 11.9%–24.8% of the phenotypic variance. The most promising QTL to be used in marker-assisted selection is alpha2, the peak of which colocated exactly with the AFLP marker. Three chalcone synthase-like genes (chs2, chs3, and chs4) involved in hop bitter acid synthesis mapped together on LG04 of the female map. Saturation of the maps, particularly the putative QTL regions, will be carried out using SSR markers, and the stability of the QTLs will be tested in the coming years.Key words: Humulus lupulus L., genetic maps, alpha-acid content, QTLs.

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Developmental regulation of lupulin gland-associated genes in aromatic and bitter hops (Humulus lupulus L.)

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-021-03292-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Josef Patzak ◽

Alena Henychová ◽

Jaroslav Matoušek

Keyword(s):

Acid Content ◽

Environmental Control ◽

Developmental Regulation ◽

Glandular Trichomes ◽

Glandular Trichome ◽

Humulus Lupulus ◽

Acid Biosynthesis ◽

Bitter Acids ◽

Bitter Acid ◽

Developmental Differentiation

Abstract Background Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) bitter acids are valuable metabolites for the brewing industry. They are biosynthesized and accumulate in glandular trichomes of the female inflorescence (hop cone). The content of alpha bitter acids, such as humulones, in hop cones can differentiate aromatic from bitter hop cultivars. These contents are subject to genetic and environmental control but significantly correlate with the number and size of glandular trichomes (lupulin glands). Results We evaluated the expression levels of 37 genes involved in bitter acid biosynthesis and morphological and developmental differentiation of glandular trichomes to identify key regulatory factors involved in bitter acid content differences. For bitter acid biosynthesis genes, upregulation of humulone synthase genes, which are important for the biosynthesis of alpha bitter acids in lupulin glands, could explain the higher accumulation of alpha bitter acids in bitter hops. Several transcription factors, including HlETC1, HlMYB61 and HlMYB5 from the MYB family, as well as HlGLABRA2, HlCYCB2–4, HlZFP8 and HlYABBY1, were also more highly expressed in the bitter hop cultivars; therefore, these factors may be important for the higher density of lupulin glands also seen in the bitter hop cultivars. Conclusions Gene expression analyses enabled us to investigate the differences between aromatic and bitter hops. This study confirmed that the bitter acid content in glandular trichomes (lupulin glands) is dependent on the last step of alpha bitter acid biosynthesis and glandular trichome density.

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New fine aroma varieties of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) Saaz Brilliant, Saaz Comfort, Saaz Shine and Mimosa

KVASNY PRUMYSL ◽

10.18832/kp2019.66.320 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 320-330

Author(s):

Vladimír Nesvadba ◽

Jitka Charvátová

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Acid Content ◽

Humulus Lupulus ◽

The Other ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Humulus Lupulus L

Four new aroma hop varieties – Saaz Brilliant, Saaz Comfort, Saaz Shine and Mimosa – were registered in the Czech Republic in 2019. All of the new hop varieties have significantly higher yields than the traditional Saaz aroma variety. Saaz Comfort has the significantly highest content of alpha acids (5.59%) whereas Mimosa has the significantly lowest content of alpha acids (1.90%). The Saaz Comfort and Saaz Brilliant varieties show a variability of alpha acid content below 20%. The other hop varieties, Saaz Shine and Mimosa, as well as Saaz, have a variability of alpha acid content above 25%. Mimosa has the significantly highest content of beta acids (6.07%). Mimosa shows the highest average cohumulone content (29.29% rel.) whereas Saaz Comfort has the lowest cohumulone content (18.04% rel.). Saaz Comfort and Saaz Shine have the highest average contents of hop essential oils (0.84% w. and 0.75% w., respectively). The Saaz, Saaz Shine and Saaz Brilliant varieties show the significantly highest farnesene contents (13.47% rel., 12.50% rel. and 12.38% rel., respectively), which are higher than those of Saaz Comfort and Mimosa.

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Evaluation of resistance to Pseudoperonospora humuli and of the content of alpha acids and hop oils in hops of selected genetic resources of hop Humulus lupulus L.

Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding ◽

10.17221/70/2021-cjgpb ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Markéta Trefilová ◽

Vladimír Nesvadba ◽

Jitka Charvátová

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Drought Resistance ◽

Acid Content ◽

Oil Content ◽

Humulus Lupulus ◽

The Caucasus ◽

Pseudoperonospora Humuli ◽

Humulus Lupulus L ◽

In The Wild

Twenty hop genotypes were selected for the evaluation of resistance to primary and secondary Pseudoperonospora humuli infection and of alpha acid and hop oil content in the hops. From the wild hop genotypes, two from Canada and one from Belgium showed resistance. Among the registered hop varieties, the Czech varieties Kazbek and Boomerang were the most resistant. Both wild hop genotypes from Canada showed the highest content of alpha acids among the wild hop entries, namely 4% w/w. The lowest variability of the alpha acid content in the wild hop category was found in two wild hop varieties from the Caucasus, one from Austria and one from Lithuania. The highest content of hop oils was determined in two hop genotypes from Canada and two from Belgium. Wild hop genotypes from the Caucasus have the lowest variability of hop oils among the wild hop entries. Two hop genotypes from Canada and one from Belgium were selected for breeding aimed at drought resistance.

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Effect of light intensity on the ultrastructure of the filamentous cyanobacterium, Anabaena variabilis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100103565 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 300-301

Author(s):

C. S. Bricker ◽

S. R. Barnum ◽

B. Huang ◽

J. G. Jaworskl

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Light Intensity ◽

Acid Content ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Anabaena Variabilis ◽

Chloroplast Envelope ◽

Major Constituent ◽

Filamentous Cyanobacterium ◽

Photosynthetic Membrane ◽

Effect Of Light

Cyanobacteria are Gram negative prokaryotes that are capable of oxygenic photosynthesis. Although there are many similarities between eukaryotes and cyanobacteria in electron transfer and phosphorylation during photosynthesis, there are two features of the photosynthetic apparatus in cyanobacteria which distinguishes them from plants. Cyanobacteria contain phycobiliproteins organized in phycobilisomes on the surface of photosynthetic membrane. Another difference is in the organization of the photosynthetic membranes. Instead of stacked thylakolds within a chloroplast envelope membrane, as seen In eukaryotes, IntracytopIasmlc membranes generally are arranged in three to six concentric layers. Environmental factors such as temperature, nutrition and light fluency can significantly affect the physiology and morphology of cells. The effect of light Intensity shifts on the ultrastructure of Internal membrane in Anabaena variabilis grown under controlled environmental conditions was examined. Since a major constituent of cyanobacterial thylakolds are lipids, the fatty acid content also was measured and correlated with uItrastructural changes. The regulation of fatty acid synthesis in cyanobacteria ultimately can be studied if the fatty acid content can be manipulated.

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129: Sialic Acid Content of Urinary TAMM-Horsfall Protein is Reduced in Interstitial Cystitis Patients

The Journal of Urology ◽

10.1016/s0022-5347(18)30394-x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 177 (4S) ◽

pp. 44-45

Author(s):

C. Lowell Parsons ◽

Mahadevan Rajasekaran ◽

Marianne Chenoweth ◽

Paul Stein

Keyword(s):

Sialic Acid ◽

Interstitial Cystitis ◽

Acid Content ◽

Sialic Acid Content

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