The Link between Activities of Daily Living and Cortisol in Late-Life Depression

Abstract Background Late-life depression (LLD) is considered as a prodrome to dementia and plays a major role in the development of long-term cognitive disabilities. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of LLD and cognitive impairment and to explore their associations among older adults in India. Methods Data for this study was derived from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Wave 1 (2017-18). The total sample included 31,464 (15,098 male and 16,366 female) older individuals aged 60 years and above. Cognitive impairment measured from various domains derived from the cognitive module of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), and major depression measured by the CIDI-SF (Composite International Diagnostic Interview- Short Form) were the outcome variables. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable analyses were performed to fulfill the objectives of the study. Results The overall prevalence of LLD and cognitive impairment for the current sample was 8.7% and 13.7 % respectively. Among older individuals who have rated their health status as poor were 2.59 times more likely to suffer from LLD [OR: 2.59, CI: 2.24–2.99] as compared to their counterparts. The older adults who had difficulty in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were 74% and 69 % more likely to suffer from LLD. Similarly, older adults who were depressed had higher odds of cognitive impairment [OR: 1.22, CI: 1.01–1.48] compared to their counterparts. Also, older adults who were depressed and belonged to rural areas were 2.58 times [AOR: 2.58, CI: 1.95–3.41] more likely to be cognitively impaired than those who were not depressed and resided in urban areas. Conclusions Depression is linked to an increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia; therefore, failing to diagnose and treat LLD in later life may have significant health implications. Moreover, treatment under the care of a cognitive neurologist or geriatric psychiatrist is recommended for people with LLD and cognitive disability due to both the disorders' complex existence.

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Instrumental activities of daily living in remitted late-life depression: a preliminary study

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry ◽

10.1002/gps.3997 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 109-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ming-Ching Wen ◽

Melissa Hebscher ◽

Shwu-Hua Lee

Keyword(s):

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Daily Living ◽

Late Life ◽

Late Life Depression ◽

Instrumental Activities ◽

Preliminary Study

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A study of wrist-worn activity measurement as a potential real-world biomarker for late-life depression

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291716002166 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 93-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

J. T. O'Brien ◽

P. Gallagher ◽

D. Stow ◽

N. Hammerla ◽

T. Ploetz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Real World ◽

Daily Living ◽

Late Life ◽

Activity Monitor ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Activity Measurement ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Late Life Depression

BackgroundLate-life depression (LLD) is associated with a decline in physical activity. Typically this is assessed by self-report questionnaires and, more recently, with actigraphy. We sought to explore the utility of a bespoke activity monitor to characterize activity profiles in LLD more precisely.MethodThe activity monitor was worn for 7 days by 29 adults with LLD and 30 healthy controls. Subjects underwent neuropsychological assessment and quality of life (QoL) (36-item Short-Form Health Survey) and activities of daily living (ADL) scales (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale) were administered.ResultsPhysical activity was significantly reduced in LLD compared with controls (t = 3.63, p < 0.001), primarily in the morning. LLD subjects showed slower fine motor movements (t = 3.49, p < 0.001). In LLD patients, activity reductions were related to reduced ADL (r = 0.61, p < 0.001), lower QoL (r = 0.65, p < 0.001), associative learning (r = 0.40, p = 0.036), and higher Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale score (r = −0.37, p < 0.05).ConclusionsPatients with LLD had a significant reduction in general physical activity compared with healthy controls. Assessment of specific activity parameters further revealed the correlates of impairments associated with LLD. Our study suggests that novel wearable technology has the potential to provide an objective way of monitoring real-world function.

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Dance as Prevention of Late Life Functional Decline Among Nursing Home Residents

Journal of Applied Gerontology ◽

10.1177/0733464815602111 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (12) ◽

pp. 1453-1470 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Katerina Machacova ◽

Hana Vankova ◽

Ladislav Volicer ◽

Petr Veleta ◽

Iva Holmerova

Keyword(s):

Nursing Home ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Functional Status ◽

Daily Living ◽

Functional Decline ◽

Nursing Home Residents ◽

Late Life ◽

Cost Of Care ◽

Control Group ◽

Adverse Health Outcomes

Late life deterioration of functional status is associated with adverse health outcomes and increased cost of care. This trial was conducted to determine whether dance-based intervention could reverse functional decline among nursing home (NH) residents. A total of 189 residents of seven NHs in the Czech Republic were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. More detailed data were collected in a subsample of 52 participants. Intervention consisted of 3-month dance-based exercise. Functional status was assessed by the get-up-and-go test, basic activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and senior fitness tests (SFTs). Participants in the control group experienced a significant decline in get-up-and-go test, IADL, and in four of the six SFTs. The intervention proved to be effective in preventing this deterioration and improved chair stand test and chair sit-and-reach test. The findings indicate that a relatively simple dance-based exercise can slow down deterioration of functional status in NH residents.

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Short-Term Disability Fluctuations in Late Life

The Journals of Gerontology Series B ◽

10.1093/geronb/gbz089 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 74 (8) ◽

pp. e135-e140 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Erwin Stolz ◽

Thomas M Gill ◽

Hannes Mayerl ◽

Wolfgang Freidl

Keyword(s):

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Regression Model ◽

Daily Living ◽

Late Life ◽

Short Term ◽

Time To Death ◽

Project Study ◽

Mixed Regression ◽

Iadl Disability

Abstract Objectives Late-life disability is highly dynamic but within-person short-term fluctuations have not been assessed previously. We analyze how substantial such late-life disability fluctuations are and whether they are associated with time-to-death, long-term disability trajectories, frailty, and sociodemographics. Methods Monthly survey data (Precipitating Events Project Study) on activities of daily living/instrumental activities of daily living (ADL/IADL) disability (0–9) in the last years of life from 642 deceased respondents providing 56,308 observations were analyzed with a two-step approach. Observation-level residuals extracted from a Poisson mixed regression model (first step), which depict vertical short-term fluctuations from individual long-term trajectories, were analyzed with a linear mixed regression model (second step). Results Short-term disability fluctuations amounted to about one ADL/IADL limitation, increased in the last 4 years of life, and were closely associated with disability increases. Associations with frailty or sociodemographics characteristics were absent except for living alone. Discussion Short-term disability fluctuations in late life were substantial, were linked to mortality-related processes, and represent a concomitant feature of disability increases in late life.

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Cognitive Functioning and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Late-Life Bipolar Disorder

American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry ◽

10.1097/jgp.0b013e31802dd367 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 174-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Ariel G. Gildengers ◽

Meryl A. Butters ◽

Denise Chisholm ◽

Joan C. Rogers ◽

Margo B. Holm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Daily Living ◽

Late Life ◽

Instrumental Activities

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Trends in Health Expectancies by Late-Life Disadvantage: The Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2197 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 640-640

Author(s):

Holly Bennett ◽

Andrew Kingston ◽

Gemma Spiers ◽

Louise Robinson ◽

Clare Bambra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Longitudinal Data ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Socioeconomic Position ◽

Daily Living ◽

Late Life ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Disability Free Life Expectancy

Abstract To understand how and why disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) trends differ by socioeconomic position (SEP) we use longitudinal data from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies (CFAS I: 1991; CFAS II: 2011), with two year follow up. Disability was defined as difficulty in activities of daily living, and SEP as area-level deprivation. Between 1991 and 2011, men aged 65 gained more in life expectancy (LE) than DFLE, with the greatest gain in DFLE for the most advantaged and in disability years for the most disadvantaged. The most advantaged men experienced a 60% reduction in the risk of death when disability-free, 30% reduction in incident disability, and 80% increase in recovery. The most disadvantaged experienced a 30% reduction of death but from disability. Women overall, and in the most advantaged groups, gained similar years of LE and DFLE to men but due to a 30% reduction in incident disability only.

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