Assessing the Impact of Community-oriented Policing on Arrest

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Tillyer
Keyword(s):  
Community Oriented Policing ◽  
The Impact

The effect of community-oriented policing on police use of force: does community matter?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Miranda McCarthy ◽  
Louise E. Porter ◽  
Michael Townsley ◽  
Geoffrey P. Alpert
Keyword(s):  
Violent Crime ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Community Consultation ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Police Use Of Force ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Community Oriented Policing ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether community-oriented policing (COP) influences rates of police use of force across communities, and whether the impact of COP varies according to the level of violent crime in communities. Design/methodology/approach A range of data sources including police use of force reports, online surveys of Officers-in-Charge and recorded crime data was used to examine the association between formal and informal community consultation and the frequency of police use of force, across 64 socially challenged communities in Australia. Findings Poisson multilevel modelling indicated no overall association between informal or formal community engagement and rates of police use of force. However, significant interaction terms for both informal and formal community consultation with violent crime rates indicated that higher levels of informal and formal community consultation were associated with lower rates of police use of force in communities with higher levels of violent crime. This relationship was not evident in low violent crime areas. Research limitations/implications Communities were purposively sampled to have a high propensity for police use of force, on the basis that they had high rates of violent crime, or high levels of socio-economic disadvantage, or both. This research should be replicated with a representative sample of communities. Practical implications The findings extend the potential benefits of COP to reducing the use of coercive policing tactics in high violent crime communities. Originality/value This study finds that COP can reduce the frequency of violent encounters between police and community members in high violent crime communities.

Quality over Quantity: Assessing the Impact of Frequent Public Interaction Compared to Problem-Solving Activities on Police Officer Job Satisfaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 526-541
Author(s):  
Victoria A Sytsma ◽  
Eric L Piza
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Primary Response ◽  
Job Assignment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Calls For Service ◽  
Community Oriented Policing ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Research outside the field of policing has shown that job satisfaction predicts job performance. While policing research has demonstrated performing community-oriented policing (COP) activities generally improves police officer job satisfaction, the mechanism through which it occurs remains unclear. This study contributes to the community-policing literature through a survey of 178 police officers at the Toronto Police Service. The survey instrument measures the mechanism through which job satisfaction is impacted. Results indicate that primary response officers are more likely to be somewhat or very unsatisfied with their current job assignment compared with officers with a COP assignment—confirming what previous research has found. Further, those who interact with the public primarily for the purpose of engaging in problem-solving are more likely to be very satisfied with their current job assignment compared with those who do so primarily for the purpose of responding to calls for service. Engaging in problem-solving increases the odds of being very satisfied in one’s job assignment, and the combination of frequent contacts with the public and problem-solving is less important than problem-solving alone. The implications of the study findings for COP strategies are discussed.

Improving Police-Community Relations in the USA

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-55
Author(s):  
Marty Allen Hatfield
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Community Relations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Hiring Process ◽  
Community Oriented Policing ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Model Law ◽  
Police Community Relations ◽  
The Impact

To prevent and control crime using the community-oriented policing model, law enforcement agencies must develop positive relationships and partnerships with the communities they serve. Unfortunately, several obstacles impede the development and maintenance of police-community partnerships, particularly excessive force and other forms of misconduct, and negative coverage of law enforcement by the media. To restore public trust in the police, agencies must implement competency-based interviews and assessments during the hiring process; develop a recruitment plan to attract more diverse applicants; provide regular crisis intervention, de-escalation, and implicit bias training to all officers; and evaluate and make any necessary improvements to existing use-of-force and disciplinary policies. Future research should continue to evaluate the impact of community policing on crime rates, the impact of body-worn cameras on misconduct, and the correlation between higher education and misconduct.

Administrative Determinants of Civil Liability Lawsuits Against Municipal Police Departments: An Exploratory Analysis

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Worrall
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Civil Liability ◽  
Police Departments ◽  
Recruitment Method ◽  
Civilian Review ◽  
Community Oriented Policing ◽  
Municipal Police ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Municipal Police Departments ◽  
Law Enforcement Management

Most contributions to the police civil liability literature have described trends in the incidence of suits, the outcomes of actual cases, or the impact litigation has on police departments. This article outlines a predictive model of administrative determinants of civil litigation against police. Specifically, it asks: Do police administrators influence trends in litigation? Data drawn from the 1993 Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics survey and from a 1996 survey of 248 police departments suggest that interest in minority recruitment, method of civilian review, and commitment to community-oriented policing affect the incidence of suits. Potential problems with research in this area are discussed.

Implementing Community-Oriented Policing: Organizational Change and Street Officer Attitudes

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Adams ◽  
William M. Rohe ◽  
Thomas A. Arcury
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Management Style ◽  
Participatory Management ◽  
Organizational Changes ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Community Oriented Policing ◽  
Officer Attitudes ◽  
The Impact

The limited amount of research on the impact of community-oriented policing (COP) on officer attitudes toward their jobs has been conducted in large cities. In the present study, we analyze survey data from 285 nonsupervisory officers in six small to midsize law enforcement agencies to examine how COP training and COP officer designation is associated with attitudes toward COP principles, support for COP, and job satisfaction. Results indicate that community police officers spend more time engaged in COP-related activities, are more supportive of COP methods and goals, more supportive of organizational changes necessary to implement COP, and more satisfied with their jobs when compared to traditional officers. In addition, officers who perceived their department as having a participatory management style were more positive about community policing and more satisfied with their jobs. Surprisingly, a large majority of traditional officers also supported COP goals and the transition to COP in their departments.

Cross-Cultural Collaboration for Community-Oriented Policing and Restorative Justice

2019 ◽  
pp. 454-472
Author(s):  
Anthony H. Normore ◽  
Brian Ellis ◽  
Kerry Clamp ◽  
Craig Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Police Leadership ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Police Organizations ◽  
Community Oriented Policing ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Impact

This chapter proposes ways to actively shape future cross-cultural police leadership and collaboration within and across police cultures. The ideas presented are intended to create dialogue across modern police organizations and those who lead them. All four authors are connected with police work either as police officers, police researchers, or criminology instructors. We highlight the impact of restorative justice in policing, community-oriented policing, and collaboration of the law enforcement community within US and UK. Examples of these efforts are embedded throughout the chapter to corroborate our argument for more collaboration within and across cultures if contemporary policing is to be successful. Future research directions are presented.

Cross-Cultural Collaboration for Community-Oriented Policing and Restorative Justice

2015 ◽  
pp. 255-272
Author(s):  
Anthony H. Normore ◽  
Brian Ellis ◽  
Kerry Clamp ◽  
Craig Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Police Leadership ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Police Organizations ◽  
Community Oriented Policing ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Impact

This chapter proposes ways to actively shape future cross-cultural police leadership and collaboration within and across police cultures. The ideas presented are intended to create dialogue across modern police organizations and those who lead them. All four authors are connected with police work either as police officers, police researchers, or criminology instructors. We highlight the impact of restorative justice in policing, community-oriented policing, and collaboration of the law enforcement community within US and UK. Examples of these efforts are embedded throughout the chapter to corroborate our argument for more collaboration within and across cultures if contemporary policing is to be successful. Future research directions are presented.

Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
K. P. Stanyukovich ◽  
V. A. Bronshten
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Charge ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Meteorite Impacts ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

Asteroid and Comet Impact Speeds upon Mars: Significance for Panspermia and the Supply of Organics

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Steel
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhilst lithopanspermia depends upon massive impacts occurring at a speed above some limit, the intact delivery of organic chemicals or other volatiles to a planet requires the impact speed to be below some other limit such that a significant fraction of that material escapes destruction. Thus the two opposite ends of the impact speed distributions are the regions of interest in the bioastronomical context, whereas much modelling work on impacts delivers, or makes use of, only the mean speed. Here the probability distributions of impact speeds upon Mars are calculated for (i) the orbital distribution of known asteroids; and (ii) the expected distribution of near-parabolic cometary orbits. It is found that cometary impacts are far more likely to eject rocks from Mars (over 99 percent of the cometary impacts are at speeds above 20 km/sec, but at most 5 percent of the asteroidal impacts); paradoxically, the objects impacting at speeds low enough to make organic/volatile survival possible (the asteroids) are those which are depleted in such species.

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