The Effect of Cage Environment and Ad Libitum Feeding on the Circadian Rhythm, Behaviour and Feed Intake of Farm Mink

1994 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen W. Hansen ◽  
Bente Krogh Hansen ◽  
Peer Berg
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

scholarly journals Short-term consequences of a sudden increase in feed allowance in broiler breeder hens

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Robinson ◽  
M. W. Yu ◽  
M. E. Lupicki ◽  
R. T. Hardin
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Breeder Hens ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Broiler Breeder Hens ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

The immediate effects of a sudden increase in feed allowance on selected morphological and reproductive traits were investigated in broiler breeder hens at 44 wk of age. Fifty Indian River hens were individually caged at 40 wk of age. Prior to 40 wk of age the birds had been feed restricted in accordance with the breeder's recommended feeding program. Five treatment groups (T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5) of 10 birds each were formed based on level of feeding and duration of exposure to such feeding. T1, T2 and T3 birds were feed restricted (128 g of daily feed bird−1) from 40 to 44, 40 to 45 and 40 to 46 wk of age, respectively. T4 and T5 birds were also feed restricted at the same level as the other groups to 44 wk of age and then were full fed from 44 to 45 and 44 to 46 wk of age, respectively. To facilitate study of follicular recruitment and yolk deposition, hens were fed 10 g of oil-soluble red and black dyes, daily, on alternate days, beginning at 42 wk of age. Birds were killed on day 0 (44 wk; T1), day 7 (45 wk; T2, T4), or day 14 (46 wk; T3, T5). Full-fed hens consumed approximately 100 g more feed per day than did feed-restricted hens, with marked increases in feed intake on the first day of full feeding. After 7 d of ad libitum feeding, significant increases were seen in body weight, liver weight, percent liver fat, plasma lipid concentration, ovary weight, and the incidence of a double hierarchy (simultaneous development) of large follicles. After 14 d of ad libitum feeding, significant increases were also observed in absolute fat-pad weight, individual weights of the four largest preovulatory follicles and number of large preovulatory follicles. The increased number of large follicles in the ovary was not associated with any change in egg production. It is apparent that the morphological disruptions associated with overfeeding broiler breeder hens can be identified within 7 d of full feeding, while any effects on egg production are not seen within the first 14 d of ad libitum feeding. Key words: Broiler breeder, feed intake, yolk deposition, ovarian morphology, egg production

Methods of feeding growing pigs to maximise feed intake

1986 ◽  
Vol 1986 ◽  
pp. 128-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. Lightfoot ◽  
A.W. Armsby ◽  
C.F. Widdows
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Genetically Improved ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

An experiment was carried out to determine which feeding method maximised feed intake of growing pigs and to record growth rates, feed conversion efficiency and backfat measurements. There is an increasing tendency for dry fed pigs to be fed ad libitum or to appetite in order to increase growth rates and throughput of building.Limited information is available on how the modern genetically improved pig will respond to high levels of feeding and whether ad libitum feeding will encourage higher feed intake than feeding to appetite either wet or dry.

The effects on feed intake in weaned calves of low-glucosinolate rapeseed meal as the sole protein supplement

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 141-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isobel C Vincent ◽  
J Thompson ◽  
R Hill
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Daily Feeding ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

Concentrate feed with high-glucosinolate rapeseed meal (BRSM) as the sole protein supplement was eaten less readily by weaned calves than a similar feed based on soyabean meal (Stedman et al, 1983), and this was so whether intake was measured during continuous ad libitum feeding, or for short periods, 0.5 h, after twice-daily feeding with changes of feed each day. In these and other experiments with calves (Stedman and Hill, 1987), concentrate feeds based on low-glucosinolate rapeseed meal were eaten more readily than those based on high-glucosinolate meal, but intake of the low-glucosinolate feeds rarely matched that of the corresponding feed containing soyabean meal.

Circadian rhythm of serum and lymph apolipoprotein AIV in ad libitum-fed and fasted rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (5) ◽  
pp. R1385-R1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Fukagawa ◽  
H. M. Gou ◽  
R. Wolf ◽  
P. Tso
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding ◽  
Fasted Rats

The aim of the present study was to determine if there is a circadian rhythm in serum and lymph apolipoprotein (apo) AIV and what factors determine this rhythm. Male Sprague-Dawley rats with chronic right atrial catheter were housed in a room illuminated from 0600 to 1800. With ad libitum feeding, serum apo AIV concentration showed a circadian rhythm concomitant with the feeding pattern. In 24-h fasted rats, the serum apo AIV concentration maintained a circadian rhythm and was high during the dark. With mesenteric lymph diversion, serum apo AIV concentration diminished and the circadian rhythm was abolished. The lymph flow, lymph apo AIV, cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and phospholipid contents all exhibited the same circadian rhythm in fasting, with the levels higher in the dark. These circadian rhythms were abolished after bile diversion. In conclusion, serum apo AIV in ad libitum-fed and fasted rats exhibits a circadian rhythm governed by lymph apo AIV output. Furthermore, bile was an important determinant of the circadian rhythm of lymph flow, lymph apo AIV, triacylglycerol, cholesterol, and phospholipid output.

Response of three strains of egg-type pullets to three feed restriction regimes imposed during rearing

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (100) ◽  
pp. 547 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Abu-Serewa
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Computer Simulation Model ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Heavy Medium ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

The productivity of heavy-, medium- and light-weight White Leghorn x Australorp pullets (216 of each strain) was established on three feed restriction regimes. The pullets were either restricted from 6 to 21 weeks of age to 80% of feed intake of pullets fed ad libitum, restricted in feeding time to 6 hours in every 48 from 6 to 21 weeks, or fed a diet containing 10% protein from day-old to 16 weeks of age. All restricted pullets ate between 19 and 37% less feed during rearing, were between 11 and 34% lighter at 21 weeks of age, and attained 50% production by 10 to 32 days later than pullets fed ad libitum. Strains differed in their responses to feed restriction as measured by mean body weight at 21 weeks, feed intake during lay, and feed per dozen eggs. Strain x rearing interactions were not observed for rate of lay, mean egg weight, total egg mass or rate of mortality. The biological responses were analyzed in economic terms using a computer simulation model. Restricting the feed intake of the heavy strain by any of these methods was more profitable, at ruling 1976 prices, than ad libitum feeding, because of the saving in feed cost and marked improvement in productivity. Performances were not improved by restriction in the light strain pullets, but feed cost was reduced by all three methods. With the medium strain, limiting the quantity of feed was more profitable than the other two methods.

Restricted floor feeding or ad libitum feeding of growing pigs using a prototype micro-processor controlled feed dispenser

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 ◽  
pp. 105-105
Author(s):  
A.L. Lightfoot ◽  
A.W. Armsby ◽  
C.F. Widdows
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Weight Range ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

An experiment at Terrington compared restricted floor feeding with ad libitum hopper feeding of group housed pigs over a weight range of about 35-90 kg. A prototype micro-processor controlled feed dispensing system, developed from the “Pig Code” electronic sow feeder, was used to automatically record ad libitum feed intake. Two dispensers were used to investigate the effect of feeder siting on pig performance and pen cleanliness.

Tolerance of growing pigs to lupin alkaloids

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 791 ◽  
Author(s):  
NW Godfrey ◽  
AR Mercy ◽  
Y Emms ◽  
HG Payne
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

In two experiments with a total of 93 young pigs, we measured responses in growth rate and feed intake to dietary lupin alkaloid concentrations which ranged from 0.05 to 0.52 g/kg. In the first experiment increasing the alkaloid levels from 0.12 to 0.52 g/kg in increments of 0.08 g/kg produced a progressive decline in growth rate and feed intake. In the second experiment, pig productivity was unaffected by increasing dietary alkaloids from 0.05 to 0.20 g/kg, but was depressed when the alkaloid level reached 0.35 g/kg. It was concluded that, with ad libitum feeding, growing pigs could tolerate up to 0.20 g/kg of dietary lupin alkaloids.

EFFECT OF DIET COMPLEXITY AND FEED RESTRICTION ON THE INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY OF DIARRHEA IN EARLY-WEANED PIGS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 907-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. BALL ◽  
F. X. AHERNE
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Postweaning Diarrhea ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding ◽  
Crossbred Pigs ◽  
Restricted Feed Intake

Seventy-two crossbred pigs were weaned at 3 wk of age and fed either a simple or semicomplex diet. Each diet was fed at three levels of feed intake: ad libitum, restricted intake by limiting time exposed to the feeder and restricted feed intake by regulating the amount of feed per day. The effects of diet and feeding system were assessed by monitoring piglet performance and incidence and severity of diarrhea. Diet complexity did not significantly affect pig performance. Restriction of feed intake significantly reduced performance compared to that of pigs fed ad libitum. There was no significant difference in performance between pigs fed by either of the two methods of feed restriction. The diarrhea which occurred with pigs fed the semicomplex diet was significantly more severe (P < 0.01) than that which occurred with those fed the simple diet. Restriction of feed intake by weight of food fed significantly reduced the incidence and severity of postweaning diarrhea. Limiting time exposed to the feeder was not a satisfactory method of reducing diarrhea as it resulted in greater incidence of diarrhea than did ad libitum feeding. Diarrhea significantly reduced performance. Restricting feed intake by the methods used in this experiment reduced performance more than did the diarrhea. The number of days taken to reach 90-kg liveweight was not affected by diet complexity, feeding method or diarrhea in the immediate postweaning period. Key words: Diet complexity, feed restriction, pig diarrhea

scholarly journals PSII-34 Comparison of the activity level of high and low residual feed intake beef steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 217-217
Author(s):  
Sheyenne M Augenstein ◽  
Emily M Andreini ◽  
James W Oltjen ◽  
Roberto Sainz
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

Abstract Activity level may affect residual feed intake (RFI), and cattle that move more may have less energy for gain. We compared activity level in high and low RFI beef steers under different nutritional conditions. Lying time, lying duration and lying bouts were recorded at 1-minute intervals utilizing Hobo G Pendant Loggers attached to the right hind leg. To identify RFI classification, 57 Angus-cross steers were individually housed and offered ad libitum access to a TMR for 56 d. RFI was defined as the residual of the regression of DMI on mid-test BW0.75 and ADG. High and low RFI groups (14 steers each) were defined as &gt; 0.5 SD above or below the mean of zero, respectively. Ad libitum feeding was followed by restricted feeding at 75% of previous ad libitum DMI/BW0.75. After 56 d ad libitum feeding, steers were moved to group pens, ad libitum fed 4 days (ADLIBFED), then fasted 4 days (ADLIBFASTED). This was followed by the 56 d individual restricted feeding, after which, steers were moved to group pens, fed 4 days of restricted DMI (RESTRICTFED), then fasted 4 days (RESTRICTFASTED). There was no difference in lying time (800 and 804 minutes/day, P = 0.85), lying bouts per day (9.8 and 11.4, P = 0.16) and lying duration (99 and 84 minutes/bout, P = 0.18) between low RFI and high RFI cattle, respectively. Fasted animals had less lying time each day (P &lt; 0.05), manifested by fewer lying bouts per day (P &lt; 0.05), that tended (P &gt; 0.05) to be slightly longer than fed animals. Ad lib animals tended (P &gt; 0.05) to have less lying time each day, with a similar number of lying bouts per day, that were slightly (P &gt; 0.05) shorter than restricted animals. Although activity is not affected by RFI level, results suggest that periods of limited feed availability increases activity level.

scholarly journals Group-Adapted ad Libitum Feeding vs. Conventional Restrictive Feeding: Impact on Health, Behavior, and Reproductive Performance of Group-Housed Pregnant Sows

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Angermann ◽  
Monika Wensch-Dorendorf ◽  
Stephanie Frenking ◽  
Nicole Kemper ◽  
Eberhard von Borell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Liquid Feeding ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

Abstract BackgroundCommon feeding systems for pregnant group-housed sows meet the nutritional demand but do not sufficiently consider their natural feeding behavior. A new group-adapted ad libitum feeding system called “SWOF” (Hölscher + Leuschner GmbH & Co. KG®, Emsbüren, Germany) was developed to ensure that both optimal nutritional and behavioral needs are met. This feeding system comprises an activity and lying area and two areas with ad libitum liquid feeding on the basis of whole plant wheat silage. Passing through a sorting gate, sows could be given either a low- or high-energy diet according to their weight and parity. The study’s aim was to investigate the effects of this new system on sows’ body weight, health status (lameness), aggression parameters (integument injuries, vulva injuries, displacements at the trough), feed intake rhythm, and litter performance, and to compare these with restrictively fed group-housed sows, which is the common standard in Germany. ResultsIn the group-adapted ad libitum feeding system, significantly less risk for displacements at the trough and vulva injuries were observed, and sows followed their natural biphasic feed intake rhythm. This system also resulted in lower body weight and more integument injuries than the restrictively fed group-housed sows. However, these might be due to different management practices and group size between the two systems. No influence of the feeding system was observed, neither on lameness nor litter performance. ConclusionThe data reported here show the promising effects of the group-adapted ad libitum “SWOF” feeding system with regard to animal welfare, as sows can freely choose when and how much feed they want to consume without taking the risk of over conditioning. The “SWOF” feeding system remains to be further validated, also considering the group size and management practices.

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