scholarly journals miRNA-based therapeutic potential of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: a safe cell-free treatment to ameliorate radiation-induced brain injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron J. Leavitt ◽  
Charles L. Limoli ◽  
Janet E. Baulch
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Free Treatment ◽  
Radiation Induced

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: Biological Function and Their Therapeutic Potential in Radiation Damage

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Pu ◽  
Siyang Ma ◽  
Yan Gao ◽  
Tiankai Xu ◽  
Pengyu Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Insight Into

Radiation-induced damage is a common occurrence in cancer patients who undergo radiotherapy. In this setting, radiation-induced damage can be refractory because the regeneration responses of injured tissues or organs are not well stimulated. Mesenchymal stem cells have become ideal candidates for managing radiation-induced damage. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells have a similar effect on repairing tissue damage mainly because these exosomes carry various bioactive substances, such as miRNAs, proteins and lipids, which can affect immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and cell survival and proliferation. Although the mechanisms by which mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes repair radiation damage have not been fully elucidated, we intend to translate their biological features into a radiation damage model and aim to provide new insight into the management of radiation damage.

scholarly journals The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Developing Brain: Current Perspective and Promising Source of Biomarkers and Therapy for Perinatal Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teena K. J. B. Gamage ◽  
Mhoyra Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Developing Brain ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Perinatal Brain Injury ◽  
Current Perspective ◽  
Promising Source

This comprehensive review focuses on our current understanding of the proposed physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the developing brain. Furthermore, since EVs have attracted great interest as potential novel cell-free therapeutics, we discuss advances in the knowledge of stem cell- and astrocyte-derived EVs in relation to their potential for protection and repair following perinatal brain injury. This review identified 13 peer-reviewed studies evaluating the efficacy of EVs in animal models of perinatal brain injury; 12/13 utilized mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) and 1/13 utilized astrocyte-derived EVs. Animal model, method of EV isolation and size, route, timing, and dose administered varied between studies. Notwithstanding, EV treatment either improved and/or preserved perinatal brain structures both macroscopically and microscopically. Additionally, EV treatment modulated inflammatory responses and improved brain function. Collectively this suggests EVs can ameliorate, or repair damage associated with perinatal brain injury. These findings warrant further investigation to identify the optimal cell numbers, source, and dosage regimens of EVs, including long-term effects on functional outcomes.

scholarly journals NG2 as an Identity and Quality Marker of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Barilani ◽  
Valeria Peli ◽  
Alessandro Cherubini ◽  
Marta Dossena ◽  
Vincenza Dolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Proliferative Effect ◽  
Quality Marker

The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) extracellular vesicles (EV) is currently under investigation in many pathological contexts. Both adult and perinatal MSC are being considered as sources of EV. Herein, we address antigen expression of cord blood and bone marrow MSC and released EV to define an identity and quality parameter of MSC EV as a medicinal product in the context of clinical applications. The research focuses on EV-shuttled neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2), which has previously been detected as a promising surface marker to distinguish perinatal versus adult MSC. Indeed, NG2 was significantly more abundant in cord blood than bone marrow MSC and MSC EV. Ultracentrifuge-isolated EV were then challenged for their pro-angiogenic properties on an xCELLigence system as quality control. NG2+ cord blood MSC EV, but not bone marrow MSC EV, promote bFGF and PDGF-AA proliferative effect on endothelial cells. Likewise, they successfully rescue angiostatin-induced endothelial cell growth arrest. In both cases, the effects are NG2-dependent. These results point at NG2 as an identity and quality parameter for cord blood MSC EV, paving the way for their clinical translation.

scholarly journals Embryonic stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles promote the recovery of kidney injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Yu ◽  
Siying Liu ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Chuanyu Zhang ◽  
Yajie Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background Embryonic stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (ESC-EVs) possess therapeutic potential for a variety of diseases and are considered as an alternative of ES cells. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common acute and severe disease in clinical practice, which seriously threatens human life and health. However, the roles and mechanisms of ESC-EVs on AKI remain unclear. Methods In this study, we evaluated the effects of ESC-EVs on physiological repair and pathological repair using murine ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced AKI model, the potential mechanisms of which were next investigated. EVs were isolated from ESCs and EVs derived from mouse fibroblasts as therapeutic controls. We then investigated whether ESC-EVs can restore the structure and function of the damaged kidney by promoting physiological repair and inhibiting the pathological repair process after AKI in vivo and in vitro. Results We found that ESC-EVs significantly promoted the recovery of the structure and function of the damaged kidney. ESC-EVs increased the proliferation of renal tubular epithelial cells, facilitated renal angiogenesis, inhibited the progression of renal fibrosis, and rescued DNA damage caused by ischemia and reperfusion after AKI. Finally, we found that ESC-EVs play a therapeutic effect by activating Sox9+ cells. Conclusions ESC-EVs significantly promote the physiological repair and inhibit the pathological repair after AKI, enabling restoration of the structure and function of the damaged kidney. This strategy might emerge as a novel therapeutic strategy for ESC clinical application.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles as a Potential Therapy for Neonatal Conditions: State of the Art and Challenges in Clinical Translation

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreea C. Matei ◽  
Lina Antounians ◽  
Augusto Zani
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Paracrine Signaling ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Different Sources

Despite advances in intensive care, several neonatal conditions typically due to prematurity affect vital organs and are associated with high mortality and long-term morbidities. Current treatment strategies for these babies are only partially successful or are effective only in selected patients. Regenerative medicine has been shown to be a promising option for these conditions at an experimental level, but still warrants further exploration for the development of optimal treatment. Although stem cell-based therapy has emerged as a treatment option, studies have shown that it is associated with potential risks and hazards, especially in the fragile population of babies. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as an attractive therapeutic alternative that holds great regenerative potential and is cell-free. EVs are nanosized particles endogenously produced by cells that mediate intercellular communication through the transfer of their cargo. Currently, EVs are garnering considerable attention as they are the key effectors of stem cell paracrine signaling and can epigenetically regulate target cell genes through the release of RNA species, such as microRNA. Herein, we review the emerging literature on the therapeutic potential of EVs derived from different sources for the treatment of neonatal conditions that affect the brain, retinas, spine, lungs, and intestines and discuss the challenges for the translation of EVs into clinical practice.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate inflammation-induced preterm brain injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 220-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Drommelschmidt ◽  
Meray Serdar ◽  
Ivo Bendix ◽  
Josephine Herz ◽  
Frederik Bertling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles
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