scholarly journals Genital tract infections in women attending sexually transmitted infection clinics in Mwanza, north-west Tanzania

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Buhalata ◽  
G. Kwesigabo ◽  
S. Sembuche ◽  
S. Aboud ◽  
M.M. Temu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
North West ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Genital Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Diagnosis of some genital-tract infections: part 1. An historical perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1143-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Taylor-Robinson ◽  
Anna Pallecaros ◽  
Patrick Horner
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Genital Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Making a prompt and accurate diagnosis of genital tract infections is the key to instituting appropriate treatment and the linchpin of sexually transmitted infection control. We present a brief history, not covering syphilis, of diagnostic events for each of six bacteria and one protozoan from the time of discovery up to the molecular revolution. The latter is touched upon but its impact will form the substance of a further presentation. Here, hindsight is helpful in understanding the way in which progress was made over 135 years, often when microbiology, not even seen as a distinct discipline, had a difficult time in providing what was required in terms of dependable diagnostic techniques. Gram-staining, growth on artificial media, growth in cultured cells, enzyme immunoassays, metabolic and immunofluorescence tests have all had their place and some still do despite the avalanche of the molecular era. Serology to determine the existence of organism-specific antibodies has been important in managing syphilis, but has only sometimes been helpful in supporting a diagnosis for other infections and has rarely been the primary deciding factor.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Antibodies against Pkn1, a Novel Potential Immunogen, inChlamydia trachomatis-InfectedMacaca nemestrinaand Human Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achchhe L. Patel ◽  
Prashant K. Mishra ◽  
Divya Sachdev ◽  
Uma Chaudhary ◽  
Dorothy L. Patton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Macaca Nemestrina ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Bioinformatic Tools ◽  
Genital Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Chlamydia trachomatis(CT) is an important cause of sexually transmitted genital tract infections (STIs) and trachoma. Despite major research into chlamydial pathogenesis and host immune responses, immunoprotection has been hampered by the incomplete understanding of protective immunity in the genital tract. Characterized vaccine candidates have shown variable efficacy ranging from no protection to partial protectionin vivo. It is therefore a research priority to identify novel chlamydial antigens that may elicit protective immune responses against CT infection. In the present study we assessed the seroprevalence of antibodies against protein kinase1 (Pkn1), DNA ligaseA (LigA), and major outer membrane protein A (OmpA) following natural CT infection in humans and in experimentally induced CT infection inMacaca nemestrina. Antigenic stretches of Pkn1, LigA, and OmpA were identified using bioinformatic tools.Pkn1,LigA, andOmpAgenes were cloned in bacterial expression vector and purified by affinity chromatography. Our results demonstrate significantly high seroprevalence of antibodies against purified Pkn1 and OmpA in sera obtained from the macaque animal model and human patients infected with CT. In contrast no significant seroreactivity was observed for LigA. The seroprevalence of antibodies against Pkn1 suggest that nonsurface chlamydial proteins could also be important for developing vaccines forC. trachomatis.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Correlates of Mycoplasma genitalium Infections among Patients Attending a Sexually Transmitted Infection Clinic in Guangdong, China a Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Zhang ◽  
PZ Zhao ◽  
WJ Ke ◽  
LY Wang ◽  
Lai Sze Tso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background: Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) causes urogenital tract infections and is associated with reproductive morbidity. Although MG has been reported across many regions and population groups, it is not yet routinely tested for in China. Our study contributes to current research by reporting the prevalence and correlates of MG infection in patients attending a sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic in Guangdong from Jan 2017-May 2018.Methods: Urethral (from 489 men) and endo-cervical (from 189 women) samples, blood samples, and patient histories (via questionnaires) were collected. Doctors clinically diagnosed anogenital warts (GW) during the examination (n=678). The presence of MG was evaluated using an in-house via polymerase chain reaction protocol. We also tested all participants for herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), syphilis and HIV. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to evaluate factors associated with MG.Results: MG was detected in 7.2% (49/678) of the patients (men, 7.4%; women, 6.9%). The MG positivity rate was 14.2% among symptomatic patients, and 5.6% for asymptomatic patients , respectively. Only 36.7% (18/49) Mg positive patients were symptomatic. Among the MG-infected patients, 10.2% were co-infected with CT, 6.1% with NG, 8.2% with HSV-2, 4.1% with syphilis and 22.4% with GW. Presentation with clinical symptoms was significantly associated with MG infection [OR=2.52 (2.03-3.13)]. In our analysis, MG was not associated with other STIs.Conclusions: MG is a relatively common infection among individuals attending an STI clinic in Guangdong Province. Routine testing of symptomatic patients may be necessary, and more epidemiological studies are needed to provide evidence for future testing guidelines,

Screening for Lower Genital Tract Infections in Women Presenting for Termination of Pregnancy

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Smith ◽  
M R Nelson ◽  
J Hammond ◽  
S Purkayastha ◽  
S E Barton
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Termination Of Pregnancy ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Lower Genital Tract ◽  
Genital Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Hiv Antibody Testing

Over a four-month study period, 87 patients requesting termination of pregnancy at a gynaecology clinic were offered screening for sexually transmitted diseases, of whom 63 accepted. A total of 41 infections were found in 34 women, the commonest being vaginal candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis. Chlamydia was found in six patients. Although HIV antibody testing was offered to every patient, all declined this test.

Renal and Genitourinary Emergencies

2019 ◽  
pp. 293-303
Author(s):  
Michelle Storkan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Tract Infections

Renal and genitourinary complaints are common presentations to the emergency department. Urinary tract infections are among the top three sites of infection in patients presenting to the emergency department. Nephrolithiasis is also a common reason for patients to present due to the severe associated pain. Greater than 20 million patients in the United States are diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection yearly and many of these present to the emergency department due to the associated discomfort and related symptoms. Other conditions related to the renal and genitourinary systems, though less common, are important for emergency providers to be adept at managing.

scholarly journals Determinants of stillbirth in Felege-Hiwot comprehensive specialized referral hospital, North-west, Ethiopia, 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Tarekegn Worede ◽  
Gizachew Worku Dagnew
Keyword(s):  
Tetanus Toxoid ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Perinatal Death ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
North West ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
North West Ethiopia

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to identify determinants of stillbirth in Felege Hiwot comprehensive specialized referral hospital, North-west, Ethiopia: 2019. To conduct this study an institutional-based unmatched case–control study was used among 84 cases and 336 controls. Pretested, structured questioner with face to face interview was conducted and some data were also extracted from medical records using a checklist. The data were analyzed by using binary logistics regression. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered as significant at 95% confidence level and the strength of association was measured using odds ratio. Results Illiteracy (AOR 3.8, 95% CI 1.4–10.2), sexually transmitted infection (AOR 5.7, 95% CI 1.1–29.7), Premature rupture of membrane (AOR 4.0, 95% CI 1.4–11.3), congenital anomaly (AOR 10.4, 95% CI 2.0–11.2) and history of perinatal death (AOR 10.4, 95% CI 3.7–29.2) were the determinants of stillbirth that increase risk of fetal death. Whereas taking at least two doses of tetanus toxoid vaccine (AOR 0.5, 95% CI 0.2–0.9) and partograph use (AOR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1–0.4) were found to be protective factors for stillbirth. To overcome this problem; empowering female education, facilitating women in taking tetanus toxoid vaccine, sexually transmitted infection prevention, and encourage health professionals to use partograph during labour follow up highly strongly recommended.

scholarly journals Deep Sequencing Reveals Compartmentalized HIV-1 in the Semen of Men with and without Sexually Transmitted Infection-Associated Urethritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia D. Council ◽  
Shuntai Zhou ◽  
Chase D. McCann ◽  
Irving Hoffman ◽  
Gerald Tegha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Replication ◽  
Deep Sequencing ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Male Genital Tract ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Male Genital

ABSTRACT Concurrent sexually transmitted infections (STI) can increase the probability of HIV-1 transmission primarily by increasing the viral load present in semen. In this study, we explored the relationship of HIV-1 in blood and seminal plasma in the presence and absence of urethritis and after treatment of the concurrent STI. Primer ID deep sequencing of the V1/V3 region of the HIV-1 env gene was done for paired blood and semen samples from antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive men living in Malawi with (n = 19) and without (n = 5) STI-associated urethritis; for a subset of samples, full-length env genes were generated for sequence analysis and to test entry phenotype. Cytokine concentrations in the blood and semen were also measured, and a reduction in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines was observed following STI treatment. We observed no difference in the prevalence of diverse compartmentalized semen-derived lineages in men with or without STI-associated urethritis, and these viral populations were largely stable during STI treatment. Clonal amplification of one or a few viral sequences accounted for nearly 50% of the viral population, indicating a recent bottleneck followed by limited viral replication. We conclude that the male genital tract is a site where virus can be brought in from the blood, where localized sustained replication can occur, and where specific genotypes can be amplified, perhaps initially by cellular proliferation but further by limited viral replication. IMPORTANCE HIV-1 infection is a sexually transmitted infection that coexists with other STI. Here, we examined the impact of a concurrent STI resulting in urethritis on the HIV-1 population within the male genital tract. We found that viral populations remain largely stable even with treatment of the STI. These results show that viral populations within the male genital tract are defined by factors beyond transient inflammation associated with a concurrent STI.

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