The bioeconomic implications of various drought management strategies for a communal cattle herd in the semi‐arid savanna of KwaZuIu‐Natal

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.P. Hatch ◽  
D.M. Stafford Smith
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cattle Herd ◽  
Drought Management ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Perceiving and managing the 2018 & 2019 droughts in Europe: is there a need for macro-governance in Europe?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veit Blauhut ◽  
Claudia Teutschbein ◽  
Mathias N. Andersen ◽  
Manuela Brunner ◽  
Carmelo Cammalleri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Drought Management ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Drought Vulnerability ◽  
Drought Hazard ◽  
National Differences

<p>In recent years, the adverse effects of drought have been experienced and perceived more severely and frequently all over Europe. These impacts are a result of the drought hazard and the socio-economic and ecological vulnerability. Due to the heterogeneity of Europe’s hydro-climatology and its cultural, political, social and economic diversity , the socio-economic and ecological impacts vary not only with respect to the extent, duration and severity of the drought, but also with the characteristics of affected societies, economic sectors and ecosystems. </p><p>The lack  of understanding the spatio-temporal differences in the drivers of drought risk hinders the successful mitigation of future impacts, and the design of suitable reactive and proactive drought action plans. Therefore, this study describes the European drought events of 2018 and 2019 beyond the hazard. The hypothesis to be proven is that similar hazard conditions result in different impacts due to national and sub-national differences in drought vulnerability, perception and drought-risk management. Based on research in 35 European countries, comparable national datasets on drought management and perception are established. For each of these countries, a uniform questionnaire was distributed to water management-related stakeholders at different administrative levels. A major focus of the questions was the perception and impacts of the recent droughts and current management strategies on a national and sub-national scale. The results of the questionnaires are also compared to country-scale profiles of past drought events for different drought types, i.e. meteorological, soil moisture, hydrological and vegetation drought, which were established based on information derived from the European Drought Observatory indicator system.</p><p>The results highlight a large diversity in the national perception of drought as a natural hazard and its impacts; but also a different spatial extent of 2018/2019 drought events At the same time,  existing drought management strategies are shown to increase national and sub-national resilience. The study, therefore, calls for international exchange and mutual learning to improve national and international drought governance and management.</p>

scholarly journals Challenges for the Integration of Water Resource and Drought-Risk Management in Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Vargas ◽  
Pilar Paneque
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Drought Management ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Increased Risk

Droughts are risks characterized by their complexity, uncertainty, and a series of other features, which differentiate them from other natural disasters and affect the strategies designed to manage them. These characteristics highlight the close relationship between drought management and water resources management. The following hypothesis is raised in this study—unsatisfactory integration of a drought-risk and water resources management strategies, increases the vulnerability to drought. To corroborate this hypothesis, the Spanish case was analyzed, where droughts are a recurrent phenomenon, due to the Mediterranean climate. Starting from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) framework, which has been proposed to characterize vulnerability as a function of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, this study analyzed the vulnerability in the Spanish River Basin Districts, through—(i) the integration of the predictable effects of climate change and the increased risk of exposure in hydrologic planning; (ii) the pressure on water resources that determines the sensitivity of the systems; and (iii) the development and implementation of drought management plans as a fundamental tool, in order to adapt before these events occur. The results showed that despite important advances in the process of conceiving and managing droughts, in Spain, there are still important gaps for an adequate integration of droughts risk into the water resource strategies. Therefore, despite the improvements, drought-risk vulnerability of the systems remained high.

scholarly journals Role of livestock parameters on cattle vulnerability to drought in the coastal semi-arid areas, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Owiti Omolo ◽  
Muturi Mathew ◽  
Maurice Owiny ◽  
Jeremiah N Ngugi ◽  
Joseph Ogola Ganda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Cattle Herd ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Husbandry Practices ◽  
Semi Arid

AbstractLivestock keeping forms main occupation in arid and semi-arid lands. Increase in drought frequency and intensity globally negatively affect livestock production and livelihood. Cattle are the most drought sensitive livestock due to size, grazing behavior and nutritional requirements. Factors for vulnerability of cattle to droughts are individual cattle parameters, health and husbandry practices. This cross sectional study aimed to those factors in semi-arid Kaloleni sub-county. Data on household (HH) head demographics, cattle and production collected from 194 enrolled HH using structured questionnaires. Cattle ages were grouped into young (<1 year old), growers (1-2 years old) and adults (>2years old). Data was analyzed using STATA 12 software. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis conducted and reported in Crude Odds Ratio (cOR), Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) and Confidence Interval (CI). We used Pearson product-moment correlation to determine relationship between HH head, cattle herd, individual cattle characteristics and drought characteristics, p = <0.05 being significant. Mean age HH heads was 40.7 ± 12.6 years, 44.3% (86) had basic education, males were 65.3% (n=126). Mixed livestock production was practiced by 69.1% (134), while 86.1% (167) practiced free range communal grazing. Adult cattle were 54.1% (1295). Female cattle were 72.7% (1741). Average body condition score was 3.0 ± 0.6, and calves had 2.6 ± 1.3. About 20.6% had various forms of illness, calves mostly affected at 29.1%. Up to 63.4% HH, spray cattle at home, 93.3% HH reported no vaccination history. Home straying was protective (cOR 0.3, 95% CI 0.14 – 0.53). Herd size (aOR 2.9, 95% CI 1.5 – 5.5) and having no disease control method (aOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.85 – 9.19) were contributing to reporting disease. We report positive correlation between drought outcomes and HH head (r=0.076, p>0.01), cattle herd (r=0.216, p=0.003 and individual cattle characteristics(r=0.139, p>0.01). The findings on cattle conditions exacerbate their vulnerability in presence of stressful conditions like droughts especially in calves and cows. This study demonstrates weak disease control efforts and unorganized husbandry practices. We propose strategic and focused disease control plans to improve cattle resilience and further research on livestock based factors as drought response metrics for the livestock livelihood.

Effect of soil management strategies on the characteristics of the grapevine root system in irrigated vineyards under semi-arid conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Linares Torres ◽  
M. De La Fuente Lloreda ◽  
P. Junquera Gonzalez ◽  
J.R. Lissarrague García-Gutierrez ◽  
P. Baeza Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Semi Arid

Lake Eyre golden perch (Macquaria sp.) spawning and recruitment is enhanced by flow events in the hydrologically variable rivers of Lake Eyre Basin, Australia

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 822 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Cockayne ◽  
D. Sternberg ◽  
D. W. Schmarr ◽  
A. W. Duguid ◽  
R. Mathwin
Keyword(s):  
Channel Flow ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Class Strength ◽  
Floodplain Inundation ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Age Estimates

Understanding the links between fish recruitment and riverine flows is integral for setting priorities for river-management strategies, particularly in hydrologically variable and unpredictable arid and semi-arid zone rivers. In the present study, we used daily and annual otolith age estimates to identify relationships between riverine flow and spawning and recruitment of Lake Eyre golden perch (Macquaria sp.); an endemic fish of the Lake Eyre Basin, central Australia. We found a close association between Lake Eyre golden perch spawning and periods of increased river flow, with most of spawning occurring 0–35 days after the start of these flow events. Spawning occurred throughout the year but was commonly observed during the first flow events proceeding consecutive months of no-flow when water temperatures exceeded 26°C. Spawning was not dependent on floodplain inundation, with most spawning occurring during within-channel flow events. Annual average year-class strength was related to the number of flow events per year, but not total annual discharge, or the number of low-flow days per year. These results highlight the importance of natural within-channel flow patterns to Lake Eyre golden perch spawning and recruitment and demonstrate the importance of maintaining the natural flow regime of Australia’s arid- and semi-arid-zone rivers.

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