The statistical analysis of tidal rhythms: Tests of the relative effectiveness of five methods using model simulations and actual data

The leading cause of hazardous materials releases in railroad transportation over the 5 years prior to this research was burst frangible disks on tank cars. These burst disks occur as a result of pressure surges in the tank car safety vent during transportation. More than a dozen different surge pressure reduction devices (SPRDs) have been developed to protect the frangible disk from these surges. A statistical analysis of tank cars in service indicated that cars equipped with SPRDs experienced a lower rate of leakage due to burst frangible disks than similar cars without SPRDs. This analysis, however, did not provide sufficient resolution to determine the relative effectiveness of the different SPRD designs. A series of controlled experiments was conducted to determine the surge reduction effectiveness and the flow performance of different SPRDs. These tests showed that there were significant differences in the performance of the various surge pressure reduction devices in both surge reduction and flow rate. The results of these tests will help tank car builders, owners, and operators improve the safety performance of tank cars by installing SPRDs that will reduce non-accident-caused releases of hazardous materials and still function adequately to relieve pressure when necessary. The results also will provide a basis for setting SPRD performance and testing requirements and identify promising design elements for new SPRDs.

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Statistical analysis plan for the COMPARE trial: a 3-arm randomised controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of Constraint-induced Aphasia Therapy Plus and Multi-modality Aphasia Therapy to usual care in chronic post-stroke aphasia (COMPARE)

Trials ◽

10.1186/s13063-021-05238-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Miranda L. Rose ◽

Tapan Rai ◽

David Copland ◽

Lyndsey Nickels ◽

Leanne Togher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Usual Care ◽

Relative Effectiveness ◽

Random Effect ◽

Statistical Analysis Plan ◽

Trial Registration ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Aphasia Therapy

Abstract Background While high-quality meta-analyses have confirmed the effectiveness of aphasia therapy after stroke, there is limited evidence for the comparative effectiveness of different aphasia interventions. Two commonly used interventions, Constraint-induced Aphasia Therapy Plus (CIAT Plus) and Multi-modality Aphasia Therapy (M-MAT), are hypothesised to rely on diverse underlying neural mechanisms for recovery and may be differentially responsive to aphasia severity. COMPARE is a prospective randomised open-blinded end-point trial designed to determine whether, in people with chronic post-stroke aphasia living in the community, CIAT Plus and M-MAT provide greater therapeutic benefit compared to usual care, are differentially effective according to aphasia severity, and are cost-effective. This paper details the statistical analysis plan for the COMPARE trial developed prior to data analysis. Methods Participants (n = 216) are randomised to one of three arms, CIAT Plus, M-MAT or usual care, and undertake therapy with a study trained speech pathologist in groups of three participants stratified by aphasia severity. Therapy occurs for 3 h blocks per day for 10 days across 2 weeks. The primary clinical outcome is aphasia severity as measured by the Western Aphasia Battery-Revised Aphasia Quotient (WAB-R-AQ) immediately post intervention. Secondary outcomes include WAB-R-AQ at 12-week follow-up, and functional communication, discourse efficiency, multimodal communication, and health-related quality of life immediately post intervention and at 12-week follow-up. Results Linear mixed models (LMMs) will be used to analyse differences between M-MAT and UC, and CIAT-Plus and UC on each outcome measure immediately and at 12 weeks post-intervention. The LMM for WAB-R-AQ will assess the differences in efficacy between M-MAT and CIAT-Plus. All analyses will control for baseline aphasia severity (fixed effect) and for the clustering effect of treatment groups (random effect). Discussion This trial will provide relative effectiveness data for two common interventions for people with chronic post-stroke aphasia, and highlight possible differential effects based on aphasia severity. Together with the health economic analysis data, the results will enable more informed personalised prescription for aphasia therapy after stroke. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN 12615000618550. Registered on 15 June 2016

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A mathematical model of serious and minor criminal activity

European Journal of Applied Mathematics ◽

10.1017/s0956792516000139 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 403-421 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. A. LACEY ◽

M. N. TSARDAKAS

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Differential Equations ◽

Numerical Solutions ◽

Criminal Activity ◽

Specific Area ◽

Actual Data ◽

Mathematical Methods ◽

Diffusion Type ◽

Recent Idea

Using mathematical methods to understand and model crime is a recent idea that has drawn considerable attention from researchers during the last five years. From the plethora of models that have been proposed, perhaps the most successful one has been a diffusion-type differential equations model that describes how the number of criminals evolves in a specific area. We propose a more detailed form of this model that allows for two distinct criminal types associated with major and minor crime. Additionally, we examine a stochastic variant of the model that represents more realistically the ‘generation’ of new criminals. Numerical solutions from both models are presented and compared with actual crime data for the Greater Manchester area. Agreement between simulations and actual data is satisfactory. A preliminary statistical analysis of the data also supports the model's potential to describe crime.

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Modern Structural Level and Dynamics of Crimes with The Use of Computers, Automation Systems, Computer Networks and Electric Connection Systems

SHS Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/shsconf/202110001014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 100 ◽

pp. 01014

Author(s):

Sergiy Tkalichenko ◽

Valentyna Khotskina ◽

Zhanna Tsymbal ◽

Victoria Solovieva ◽

Olena Burunova

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Computer Networks ◽

Relative Size ◽

Cyber Attacks ◽

Actual Data ◽

Structural Level ◽

Automation Systems ◽

Made In

Actuality of surveillance the cyber-criminality problem and its impact upon a society is proved out by the rapid increase in a quantity of such crimes and material losses accordingly. The statistical analysis of their number increases and the caused losses is made in the process of cybercrimes studying. It’s revealed that besides the catastrophic number growth of such crimes, the relative size of losses is increased too. The analysis of the actual data for the nine years is made, on which basis the indicators’ table of the cyber-attacks number, the general losses and the indexes of their dynamics is elaborated. The analysis of the struggle’s state with cyber-criminality in our state is made. The recommendations are presented in the limits of the research for the increase of the information protection’s reliability.

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Review of Attribution of recent ozone changes in the Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes using statistical analysis and chemistry-climate model simulations by Zenf et al.

10.5194/acp-2017-386-rc1 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Anonymous

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Southern Hemisphere ◽

Climate Model ◽

Model Simulations ◽

Climate Model Simulations

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Relative Effectiveness of Repellents for Preventing Deer Damage to Japanese Yews

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.20.4.730 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 730-734

Author(s):

Paul D. Curtis ◽

Jason R. Boulanger

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Experimental Testing ◽

New Products ◽

Relative Effectiveness ◽

Taxus Cuspidata ◽

Digital Analysis ◽

Analysis Software ◽

Landscape Plants ◽

And Control ◽

Over Time

Homeowners whose landscape plants are repeatedly browsed by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are interested in repellent products that are effective and long-lasting. New products come to market with limited experimental testing. We conducted a 10-week trial from Feb. through Apr. 1999 to test the duration and efficacy of six commercial deer repellents [Deer-Away Big Game Repellent (BGR) mix, BGR spray, Deer-Off, Deer Stopper II, Repellex, Tree Guard] and two experimental deer repellents (CU-A and CU-B) relative to each other and to untreated plants. Treated and control balled japanese yew (Taxus cuspidata) shrubs were placed at each of 10 homeowner sites with known white-tailed deer damage near Ithaca, NY. Yews are frequently eaten by deer during winter and provide a good bioassay for testing repellents, especially during the winter months. We checked shrubs once weekly and took photographs of damaged yews to measure the amount of deer browsing. We calculated the surface area of shrubs in each photograph by using digital analysis software. To determine significant differences over time, we applied statistical analysis using analysis of variance. Deer repellents that provided the most consistent protection were BGR spray, BGR mix, Deer-Off, and Deer Stopper II. The japanese pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis) extracts in experimental repellents CU-A and CU-B were not effective. The performance of other commercial repellents varied considerably among sites, and these products were unreliable.

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Statistical analysis of classification

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900053420 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 188-189

Author(s):

T. J. Deeming

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Classification Scheme ◽

Analytical Procedure ◽

Narrow Band ◽

Scientific Research ◽

Maximum Amount ◽

Amount Of Information

If we make a set of measurements, such as narrow-band or multicolour photo-electric measurements, which are designed to improve a scheme of classification, and in particular if they are designed to extend the number of dimensions of classification, i.e. the number of classification parameters, then some important problems of analytical procedure arise. First, it is important not to reproduce the errors of the classification scheme which we are trying to improve. Second, when trying to extend the number of dimensions of classification we have little or nothing with which to test the validity of the new parameters.Problems similar to these have occurred in other areas of scientific research (notably psychology and education) and the branch of Statistics called Multivariate Analysis has been developed to deal with them. The techniques of this subject are largely unknown to astronomers, but, if carefully applied, they should at the very least ensure that the astronomer gets the maximum amount of information out of his data and does not waste his time looking for information which is not there. More optimistically, these techniques are potentially capable of indicating the number of classification parameters necessary and giving specific formulas for computing them, as well as pinpointing those particular measurements which are most crucial for determining the classification parameters.

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Quantitative parallel EELS spectrum imaging developed as a new tool in AEM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010013064x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 1202-1203

Author(s):

Gianluigi Botton ◽

Gilles L'espérance

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Spatial Resolution ◽

Personal Computer ◽

Systematic Study ◽

Present Author ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Detection Limits ◽

Research Groups ◽

Quantitative Performance ◽

Spectrum Imaging

As interest for parallel EELS spectrum imaging grows in laboratories equipped with commercial spectrometers, different approaches were used in recent years by a few research groups in the development of the technique of spectrum imaging as reported in the literature. Either by controlling, with a personal computer both the microsope and the spectrometer or using more powerful workstations interfaced to conventional multichannel analysers with commercially available programs to control the microscope and the spectrometer, spectrum images can now be obtained. Work on the limits of the technique, in terms of the quantitative performance was reported, however, by the present author where a systematic study of artifacts detection limits, statistical errors as a function of desired spatial resolution and range of chemical elements to be studied in a map was carried out The aim of the present paper is to show an application of quantitative parallel EELS spectrum imaging where statistical analysis is performed at each pixel and interpretation is carried out using criteria established from the statistical analysis and variations in composition are analyzed with the help of information retreived from t/γ maps so that artifacts are avoided.

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