Brief Stories of Successful Female Role Models in Science Help Counter Gender Stereotypes Regarding Intellectual Ability among Young Girls: A Pilot Study

This article gives an overview of modern American society’s impact on the culture of interwar Lithuania; it studies how Hollywood formed Lithuanian gender stereotypes, reflected in periodicals and advertisements (1918–1940). The influence of Hollywood culture on interwar Lithuanian stereotypes has not been studied thoroughly. This work analyses the stereotypes found in selected periodicals by using gender stereotype theories and illustrating them with photographs and excerpts. One of the most popular interwar Lithuanian female stereotypes was based on the Hollywood idol Greta Garbo. She created a stereotype of a cruel, self-confident, modern woman. This article also discusses the Hollywood-based body cult, which became a goal for many Lithuanian women. After the analysis of advertisements, another tendency was noticed – young girls’ desire to become famous. Hollywood also formed three different male stereotypes: the caveman, the womanizer, and the gentleman. These modern stereotypes stand in contradiction with traditional manly virtues, they emphasize compassion and empathy, which are very important in critical situations. During the study, it was determined that Hollywood culture’s stereotypes began a sexual revolution. These stereotypes altered the concept of a traditional relationship through Lithuanian periodicals – it became much more open and oriented towards satisfying individual needs.

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Traditions and Transformations

The Oxford Handbook of Virginia Woolf ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198811589.013.3 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 43-59

Author(s):

Regina Marler

Keyword(s):

Virginia Woolf ◽

Role Models ◽

Power Relations ◽

Status Quo ◽

Female Role ◽

Avant Garde ◽

Florence Nightingale ◽

The Status ◽

Childhood Home ◽

Octavia Hill

Modernist, feminist, experimental: the terms we now most associate with Virginia Woolf all presuppose a break with conventions and a rejection of the status quo in art and power relations. Yet all her life, Virginia Woolf kept returning in memory to her childhood home, to the crowded Victorian family in which she was raised, where boys went to the best schools that Sir Leslie Stephen could afford, and girls, however clever or gifted, were shaped for charitable work, for motherhood, for marriage to prominent men. This obsessive turning back is a kind of pained nostalgia: a lament, a grievance, a comfort—and the engine of even her most avant-garde work. This chapter explores the traditions and assumptions of that potent childhood world, in part through the prism of three conservative female role models her mother, Julia Stephen, chose for her daughters: Mrs. Humphry Ward, Octavia Hill, and Florence Nightingale.

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Women’s travel writing in the cyber-world – ecofeminist and difference feminist approaches in travel blogs

Feminismo/s ◽

10.14198/fem.2020.36.08 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 181

Author(s):

Mirja Riggert

Keyword(s):

Travel Writing ◽

Role Models ◽

Female Identity ◽

Symbolic Order ◽

Gendered Spaces ◽

Female Role ◽

Mother Nature ◽

Female Authority ◽

Travel Discourse ◽

Women's Travel

This paper intends to track the development of traditional feminist ideas through the analysis of three contemporary travel blogs. These traditional feminist concepts are to be seen in the construction of a collective female identity that enables transnational and transgenerational solidarity: by receiving and transmitting inspiration, shelter and encouragement among female travellers, the narrators in the blogs create a system of female authority. Within this system, female role models as well as maternal figures become points of reference that help to revalue female attributes. This concept shows allusions to the theory of difference feminism as it is presented in the «symbolic order of the mother» by Luisa Muraro. A similar approach of revaluating femininity happens through the orientation towards ‘Mother Nature’. By staging women’s ability to give birth, cultural ecofeminists like Susan Griffin intend to affirm a close bond between women and nature. This representation of an emphasised femininity becomes a central marker in the narratives of the blogs. While this agenda might be designed to counter gendered spaces and the traditional alienation of women within travel discourse, it is problematised by exclusionary and essentialist definitions of femininity that harden engendered binaries like masculinity/femininity or nature/culture.

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Ethnic minority and majority female academic staff members perspectives on women in stem in Serbia

Sociologija ◽

10.2298/soc2101143l ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 143-165

Author(s):

Karolina Lendák-Kabók

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Minority ◽

Inclusive Education ◽

Gender Stereotypes ◽

Role Models ◽

Academic Staff ◽

Women In Stem ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Staff Members ◽

Social Sciences And Humanities ◽

And Mathematics

The paper aims to fill the gap in the scholarly literature regarding the way in which the intersection of ethnicity, gender and scientific fields shapes women?s narratives about science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields in a multiethnic environment in Serbia. A qualitative study was conducted, capitalizing on in-depth, semi-structured of twenty semi-structured interviews conducted with university professors from ethnic minority and majority comminties, working in STEM and social sciences and humanities (SSH) field of studies in two state universiteis in Serbia. The findings indicate that ethnic minority female professors from STEM are less open to female students and colleagues in their domains and do not see the need for more women in STEM. This attitude can be traced back to these women having to overcome a ?double jeopardy? and ?symbolic violence? in a very male-dominated field, as they belong to ethnic minority and hat to deal with the lack of or with the denial of recources within institutions. Equal abilities of men and women in STEM was a topic occurring mostly in the narratives of the majority women who mostly adopted a masculine patterns of behavior and tried to become ?one of the boys?. Both minority and majority women agreed that deeply rooted gender stereotypes prevent women from choosing a career in STEM. The research identified the need for more inclusive education programs on all levels and for female role models to steer more women towards STEM.

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Mitigating Gender-typed Occupational Preferences of Zimbabwean Primary School Children: The Use of Biographical Sketches and Portrayals of Female Role Models

Sex Roles ◽

10.1007/s11199-007-9204-6 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 56 (9-10) ◽

pp. 639-649 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Tichatonga J. Nhundu

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

School Children ◽

Role Models ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Female Role ◽

Occupational Preferences ◽

Biographical Sketches

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Gender Stereotypes and Gender Preferences in American Politics

Improving Public Opinion Surveys ◽

10.23943/princeton/9780691151458.003.0015 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kira Sanbonmatsu ◽

Kathleen Dolan

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Gender Stereotypes ◽

Gender Issues ◽

Gender Attitudes ◽

Political Involvement ◽

Gender Preferences ◽

Women Candidates ◽

The Public ◽

And Gender ◽

Do So

This chapter analyzes a series of questions related to citizen's attitudes about gender issues. These items are included in the 2006 Pilot Study. The examination of gender stereotypes suggests that many people see few differences in the traits and abilities of women and men, but that those who do perceive differences tend to do so in predictable ways. These new items also demonstrate that gender stereotypes transcend party, although gender and party interact in meaningful ways in some circumstances. The examination of voters' gender preferences for elected officials reveal the importance (or lack thereof) of descriptive representation to voters and the potential for women candidates to mobilize women in the public to greater political involvement. Finally, the analysis of these new items clearly indicates that while they are related to other gender attitudes, gender stereotypes and gender preferences are distinct attitudes held by voters.

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Implicit Processes and Emotions in Stereotype Threat about Women's Leadership

Discrimination and Diversity ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-1933-1.ch073 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 1592-1612

Author(s):

Gwendolyn A. Kelso ◽

Leslie R. Brody

Keyword(s):

Stereotype Threat ◽

Role Models ◽

Negative Emotion ◽

Women's Leadership ◽

Self Report ◽

Cognitive Responses ◽

Implicit Processes ◽

Female Role ◽

Undergraduate Women ◽

Implicit And Explicit

Stereotype threat about leadership ability may trigger emotional and cognitive responses that reduce women's leadership aspirations. This chapter reviews literature and presents a study on the effects of implicit (covert) and explicit (overt) leadership stereotype threat on women's emotions, power-related cognitions, and behaviors as moderated by exposure to powerful female or male role models. Emotional responses were measured using self-report (direct) and narrative writing (indirect) tasks. Undergraduate women (n = 126) in the Northeastern U.S. were randomly divided into three stereotype threat groups: none, implicit, and explicit. Implicit stereotype threat resulted in higher indirectly expressed (but not self-reported) anxiety, behaviors that benefited others more than the self, and when preceded by exposure to powerful female role models, higher self-reported negative emotion but also higher indirect positive affect. Explicit stereotype threat resulted in higher indirect optimism, and when preceded by exposure to powerful female role models, lower self-reported sadness but also lower implicit power cognitions.

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