Holivudo Kultūros atspindžiai tarpukario Lietuvos periodikoje

2021 ◽  
pp. 163-180
Author(s):  
Gabija Bankauskaitė ◽  
Aistė Kikilaitė
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Gender Stereotype ◽  
Sexual Revolution ◽  
Young Girls ◽  
Male Stereotypes ◽  
Female Stereotypes ◽  
Individual Needs ◽  
Critical Situations

This article gives an overview of modern American society’s impact on the culture of interwar Lithuania; it studies how Hollywood formed Lithuanian gender stereotypes, reflected in periodicals and advertisements (1918–1940). The influence of Hollywood culture on interwar Lithuanian stereotypes has not been studied thoroughly. This work analyses the stereotypes found in selected periodicals by using gender stereotype theories and illustrating them with photographs and excerpts. One of the most popular interwar Lithuanian female stereotypes was based on the Hollywood idol Greta Garbo. She created a stereotype of a cruel, self-confident, modern woman. This article also discusses the Hollywood-based body cult, which became a goal for many Lithuanian women. After the analysis of advertisements, another tendency was noticed – young girls’ desire to become famous. Hollywood also formed three different male stereotypes: the caveman, the womanizer, and the gentleman. These modern stereotypes stand in contradiction with traditional manly virtues, they emphasize compassion and empathy, which are very important in critical situations. During the study, it was determined that Hollywood culture’s stereotypes began a sexual revolution. These stereotypes altered the concept of a traditional relationship through Lithuanian periodicals – it became much more open and oriented towards satisfying individual needs.

Forming Impressions: Effects of Facial Expression and Gender Stereotypes

2014 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tay Hack
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Stereotype Endorsement ◽  
Male Stereotypes ◽  
Female Stereotypes ◽  
And Gender

The present study of 138 participants explored how facial expressions and gender stereotypes influence impressions. It was predicted that images of smiling women would be evaluated more favorably on traits reflecting warmth, and that images of non-smiling men would be evaluated more favorably on traits reflecting competence. As predicted, smiling female faces were rated as more warm; however, contrary to prediction, perceived competence of male faces was not affected by facial expression. Participants' female stereotype endorsement was a significant predictor for evaluations of female faces; those who ascribed more strongly to traditional female stereotypes reported the most positive impressions of female faces displaying a smiling expression. However, a similar effect was not found for images of men; endorsement of traditional male stereotypes did not predict participants' impressions of male faces.

An investigation of STEM Interest, Mathematics Beliefs and gender stereotypes among pre-service early childhood educators

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Delahunty ◽  
Máire Ní Ríordáin ◽  
Mark Prendergast
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Gender Stereotype ◽  
Early Childhood Teacher ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Underrepresentation Of Women ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Stem Interest

BackgroundThe underrepresentation of women in STEM fields is a pervasive global issue. Despite evidence casting doubt on the preconceived notions that males outperform females in these domains, gender stereotype beliefs persist and have been highlighted as potential cultural barriers limiting females opportunities. Gender stereotype and ability beliefs emerge in early childhood and recent evidence has highlighted early childhood education as a promising period for the cultivation of positive STEM dispositions. AimsThis study investigated gender stereotype beliefs, mathematical self-beliefs and STEM attitudes among a sample of pre-service early childhood teachers to assess the existence of stereotype endorsements and predictive relationships with STEM interests.SampleParticipants were pre-service early childhood teacher (N=74), mean age 21.17 years, 4 males and 70 femalesMethodsElectronic surveys utilising a series of pre-established scales, measuring gender stereotype bias from ability and cultural perspectives, mathematical self-belief variables (self-efficacy, self-concept, anxiety), and interest in STEM, were distributed. ResultsRegression analysis reveal previous level of mathematical study at secondary school, social persuasions as a sources of self-efficacy and gender stereotype endorsements as significant predictors of overall attitude to STEMConclusions Findings suggest the importance of previous school experience and social influences as well as participants’ gender stereotype endorsements in influencing interest in STEM. These data are discussed in light of implications for teachers; future practice and teacher education

scholarly journals Gender Stereotype dalam Rekruitmen Auditor Pada Kantor Akuntan Publik

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heri Susanto ◽  
Nur Kholis
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Gender Stereotype ◽  
Behavioral Accounting

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis fenomena emansipasi di era modernitas saat ini. Penelitian-penelitian yang berkaitan dengan isu gender dalam akuntansi dan keuangan sudah banyak dilakukan. Tetapi penelitian tersebut lebih bersifat menilai berbagai dimensi akuntan perempuan dan laki-laki yang sudah mapan bekerja disebuah institusi. Penelitian mengenai bagaimana kecenderungan pola gender stereotype, pada proses rekrutmen belum banyak dieksplorasi. Apakah keberadaan auditor perempuan atau laki-laki dalam suatu perusahaan memang sejak awal sudah direncanakan dalam proses rekrutmen dengan mempersyaratkan jenis kelamin.Langkah awal dari penelitian ini adalah mengumpulkan data-data yang berhubungan dengan obyek yang akan digunakan sebagai sample yaitu data Kantor akuntan publik yang ada di Jawa tengah dan DIY. Selanjutnya akan melakukan observasi dan penyebaran kuisioner sebagai sarana untuk memperoleh data yang akan diolah dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Bias gender dan Prioritas karyawan laki-laki berpengauruh terhadap Proses rekruitmen auditor di Kantor Akuntan Publik . Keyword: Behavioral accounting, gender stereotypes, recruitment and auditors.

GENDER IN EDUCATION OF VOLUNTEERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Silvia Dončevová
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Current State ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender In Education ◽  
Social Area ◽  
Negative Phenomena ◽  
Critical Situations

The study focuses on the possibilities and importance of eliminating gender inequality and gender stereotypes in the area of voluntary activities in social area. The aim of the study is to show that gender inequality and gender stereotypes have negative impacts on work in volunteering in social sphere, and to show the possibilities of education of trying to improve the current state of the problem. These negative phenomena are manifested especially in the behaviour towards clients, in communication and solving critical situations. The study brings results of our own research in this area.

What Women and Men Should Be, Shouldn't be, are Allowed to be, and don't Have to Be: The Contents of Prescriptive Gender Stereotypes

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Prentice ◽  
Erica Carranza
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Sex Discrimination ◽  
Gender Stereotype ◽  
Princeton University ◽  
American Society

This article presents a four-category framework to characterize the contents of prescriptive gender stereotypes. The framework distinguishes between prescriptions and proscriptions that are intensified by virtue of one's gender, and those that are relaxed by virtue of one's gender. Two studies examined the utility of this framework for characterizing prescriptive gender stereotypes in American society (Study 1) and in the highly masculine context of Princeton University (Study 2). The results demonstrated the persistence of traditional gender prescriptions in both contexts, but also revealed distinct areas of societal vigilance and leeway for each gender. In addition, they showed that women are seen more positively, relative to societal standards, than are men. We consider the implications of this framework for research on reactions to gender stereotype deviants and sex discrimination.

scholarly journals Analysis of gender representation in basic level English textbooks in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-109
Author(s):  
F. N.K. Nunoo ◽  
D. P. Mensah ◽  
E. Adu Boahen ◽  
I. E. N. Nunoo
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Gender Stereotype ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Critical Knowledge ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
English Textbooks ◽  
Stereotypical Roles ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Basic Level

Textbooks are known to influence the behaviours and worldview of children. Apart from imparting critical knowledge to pupils, textbooks also encourage pupils to form certain perceptions and stereotypes, including the ‘appropriate’ gender-specific roles in society. This paper examined gender stereotypes in the content and design of the Pupil’s English textbook at the Basic Level in Ghana using content analysis. The study revealed that, as teaching materials, the English Pupil’s Books 1, 2 and 3 displayed gross gender bias that reinforces the stereotypical roles of males and females in Ghanaian society. This does not reflect the development of society towards equality between men and women since there was no equality in how both genders are represented in the textbooks.Keywords: Gender; stereotype; gender stereotype; textbooks 

scholarly journals Gender Stereotype in Joyce Lebra’s The Scent of Sake

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Fais Wahidatul Arifatin
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Mary Wollstonecraft ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Gender Stereotype ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Japanese Family ◽  
Liberal Feminism ◽  
Family Culture ◽  
Negative Beliefs

Gender stereotype should be understood as negative beliefs shared by a particular group due to over-simplification and generalization. In this study, gender stereotype is used to mean negative beliefs toward women, which is based on their sexual or gender identity instead of their personal quality and individual competence. The writer try to show that in The Scent of Sake by Joyce Lebra is considered as a novel depicting the issue of gender stereotype in Japanese family culture, especially in managing the sake business which is represented trough Rie as the main character. Hence, in this study try to answer What are gender stereotypes experienced by Rie as reflected in Joyce Lebra’s The Scent of Sake and how does Rie struggle against gender stereotype as reflected in the novel. The research design used by the writer is literary criticism; it is liberal feminism especially the theory of Mary Wollstonecraft. The results of the study show that women as represented by Rie, is stereotyped in the family’s sake business through many negative stigmas. Such stereotypes have given negative influences toward Rie in terms of marginalization in management, in educational access and women’s lack of decision making in marriage. To reduce the effects, Rie struggles against gender stereotype by performing the stereotypes. Through considerable struggles, Rie has proven that women should not be viewed as inferior to men. Rie has tried very hard to play an active role as a subject in her own family’s business of sake production.

scholarly journals Gender Stereotype and Distribution of Masculinity Discourse in Novel Balada Si Roy; Joe By Gola Gong

ALAYASASTRA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Ilham Mahendra
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Gender Stereotype ◽  
Cultural Socialization ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Male Image

This paper is based on the readings of typical male issues raised in novel Balada Si Roy: Joe as a reflection and representation of masculine narratives. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the reflection of gender stereotypes, especially masculine, and the spread of masculinity discourse. This paper use sociological approach, focusing on the use of theories of gender stereotypes (good or bad man) and masculinity (how to be a man). The results obtained that the author offers a coherence of male image through his work, to provide fantasies for the process of gender actualization. In other words, the author is a representation of a socio-cultural-socialization- of how to become a man. It is reflected by Roy's character as a good man icon, because it reflects how to be man. Thus, the novel BSR:J is an agent that reproduces the masculine image in order to preserve and spread dominant groups narratives, in this case patriarchal.

The Impact of Gender Stereotypes on Voting for Women Candidates by Level and Type of Office

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 573-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Dolan ◽  
Timothy Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Women Candidates ◽  
The Public ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Male Stereotypes ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
The U.S

Previous research has documented that the public often views women candidates through the lens of gender stereotypes. However, as much of this work draws on experimental designs and hypothetical candidates, we have less information about whether and how voters employ stereotypes in the face of real candidates for office. This project examines one important aspect of the impact of stereotypes on the fate of actual women candidates: whether gender stereotypes have a different influence on elections for different levels and types of offices. Previous research suggests that voters are more likely to apply male stereotypes and evaluate candidates differently as the level of office increases and as we consider executive versus legislative office. The research reported here draws on new data that capture voter attitudes and behaviors in real-world elections to test a series of hypotheses related to when and how gender stereotypes affect candidates for the U.S. Congress and governorships. In general, we find little evidence to support claims that voters stereotype women candidates differently when they seek different kinds of offices.

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