Exposure to Risk Information Detail (RID) in News Coverage of Anorexia Increases Self-Efficacy to Perform Risky Behaviors

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Nehama Lewis ◽  
Hadar Eliash
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Risk Information

scholarly journals Engagement in the Overdose RIsk InfOrmatioN (ORION) e-Health Tool for Opioid Overdose Prevention and Self-Efficacy: A Preliminary Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 762-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Carrà ◽  
Cristina Crocamo ◽  
Gerald Humphris ◽  
Tommaso Tabacchi ◽  
Francesco Bartoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Risk Information ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Overdose Prevention ◽  
Preliminary Study

Inconsistencies in reporting risk information: a pilot analysis of online news coverage of West Nile Virus

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Birnbrauer ◽  
Dennis Owen Frohlich ◽  
Debbie Treise
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Online News ◽  
Risk Information ◽  
West Nile ◽  
News Stories ◽  
The Us ◽  
Action Frame

West Nile Virus (WNV) has been reported as one of the worst epidemics in US history. This study sought to understand how WNV news stories were framed and how risk information was portrayed from its 1999 arrival in the US through the year 2012. The authors conducted a quantitative content analysis of online news articles obtained through Google News ( N = 428). The results of this analysis were compared to the CDC’s ArboNET surveillance system. The following story frames were identified in this study: action, conflict, consequence, new evidence, reassurance and uncertainty, with the action frame appearing most frequently. Risk was communicated quantitatively without context in the majority of articles, and only in 2006, the year with the third-highest reported deaths, was risk reported with statistical accuracy. The results from the analysis indicated that at-risk communities were potentially under-informed as accurate risks were not communicated. This study offers evidence about how disease outbreaks are covered in relation to actual disease surveillance data.

scholarly journals Clinical Trial of a Home Safety Toolkit for Alzheimer’s Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy J. Horvath ◽  
Scott A. Trudeau ◽  
James L. Rudolph ◽  
Paulette A. Trudeau ◽  
Mary E. Duffy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Home Safety ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Unpaid Care

This randomized clinical trial tested a new self-directed educational intervention to improve caregiver competence to create a safer home environment for persons with dementia living in the community. The sample included 108 patient/caregiver dyads: the intervention group (n=60) received the Home Safety Toolkit (HST), including a new booklet based on health literacy principles, and sample safety items to enhance self-efficacy to make home safety modifications. The control group (n=48) received customary care. Participants completed measures at baseline and at twelve-week follow-up. Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) was used to test for significant group differences. All caregiver outcome variables improved in the intervention group more than in the control. Home safety was significant atP≤0.001, caregiver strain atP≤0.001, and caregiver self-efficacy atP=0.002. Similarly, the care receiver outcome of risky behaviors and accidents was lower in the intervention group (P≤0.001). The self-directed use of this Home Safety Toolkit activated the primary family caregiver to make the home safer for the person with dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT) or related disorder. Improving the competence of informal caregivers is especially important for patients with DAT in light of all stakeholders reliance on their unpaid care.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Public Panic During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangtian Nie ◽  
Kai Feng ◽  
Shengnan Wang ◽  
Yongxin Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Psychological Adaptation ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Risk Level

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been regarded as a public health emergency that caused a considerable degree of public panic (such as anxiety and insomnia) during its early stage. Some irrational behaviors (such as excessive search for information related to the pandemic and excessive hoarding of supplies) were also triggered as a result of such panic. Although there has been plenty of news coverage on public panic due to the outbreak, research on this phenomenon has been limited. Since panic is the main psychological reaction in the early stage of the pandemic, which largely determines the level of psychological adaptation, time of psychological recovery, and the incidence of PTSD, there exists a demand to conduct investigation on it. From a public governance perspective, the government’s assessment of public panic may affect the efficiency and effectiveness of pandemic prevention and control. Therefore, it is of obvious practical significance to investigate public panic during the COVID-19 pandemic and analyze its influential factors. The self-compiled COVID-19 Social Mentality Questionnaire was used to collect data from a total of 16,616 participants online, and 13,511 valid responses were received. The results from the chi-square test showed that there were differences in gender, educational level, age, pandemic-related knowledge, self-efficacy, risk level, and objective social support. Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis results showed that self-efficacy, gender, educational level, age, risk level, pandemic-related knowledge, and objective social support were significant predictors of public panic. Among the research variables, self-efficacy, gender, educational level, and age were negative predictors of panic while risk level, pandemic-related knowledge, and objective social support were positive predictors of panic.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Risk and Preventive Behaviors toward Premarital Sexual Practice among In-School Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 497-510
Author(s):  
Shamsudeen YAU ◽  
Pramote Wongsawat ◽  
Archin Songthap
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Income ◽  
Sexual Practice ◽  
Preventive Behaviors ◽  
Perception Of Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Premarital Sexual

Premarital Sexual Practice (PSP) among adolescents usually involves sexually risky behaviors, such as multiple sexual partners and inconsistent or non-condom use. These behaviors, in combination with other underlining factors, undermine the overall outcomes of Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (ASRH). To assess the adolescents’ knowledge, attitudes and perception of risk and preventive behaviors towards PSP, a school-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample of 423 students aged 15 through 19 years. A well-validated anonymous self-administered questionnaire was used for collecting the data, which were analyzed using mean (SD), frequency (%), t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression methods. Participants’ knowledge of risk and preventive behaviors was average, as only 53% of knowledge items were correctly answered. Being a female, of high-income status, in the second study year, perceived susceptibility and perceived severity were significant determinants of knowledge. All measures of perception except perceived self-efficacy were positive determinants of attitude. Being female, in the third study year and of high-income status were determinants of perception as measured by perceived self-efficacy. Therefore, our results suggest that tailored educational programs, with special emphasis on financially disadvantaged male adolescents, are needed to effectively increase adolescents’ knowledge, attitude and perception of risk and protective behaviors towards PSP.

scholarly journals Risk Information Seeking Behavior in Disaster Resettlement: A Case Study of Ankang City, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7352
Author(s):  
Jia Shi ◽  
Xiangnan Hu ◽  
Xuesong Guo ◽  
Cuihong Lian
Keyword(s):  
Risk Communication ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Risk Information ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Information Seeking Behavior ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Information Channels

In 2011, the Chinese government launched a disaster mitigation and preparedness program called the Resettlement of South Shaanxi (RSS). Due to the wide geographical scope and complex interests, the possibility of conflicts was increased during and after resettlement. Efficient risk communication improves the supply of information about risks and meets the risk-related information needs of individuals. Using the risk information seeking and processing (RISP) model, this research applied a structural equation model and survey with a structured questionnaire to study ways to improve risk communication in disaster resettlement. A total of 616 valid questionnaires were provided by study respondents in resettlement sites in Ziyang County, Ankang City, Shaanxi Province. The results indicated the following: (1) the public’s information seeking behavior relies more on village committees and village officials than other channels. Emerging information channels, such as Weibo and WeChat (social media applications in China), do not play leading roles in disseminating risk information. (2) There are differences between the information channels used by residents and the channels that residents believe the most. (3) Relevant channel beliefs, information sufficiency, perceived hazard characteristics, and self-efficacy directly influence risk information seeking behavior. However, the capacity to gather information has non-significant direct influences on information seeking behavior. (4) Perceived hazard characteristics and self-efficacy drive risk information seeking behavior in both direct and indirect ways through information sufficiency.

Auditory Training to Improve Speech Perception and Self-Efficacy in Aging Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1270-1281
Author(s):  
Leah Fostick ◽  
Riki Taitelbaum-Swead ◽  
Shulamith Kreitler ◽  
Shelly Zokraut ◽  
Miriam Billig
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Temporal Order Judgment ◽  
Auditory Training ◽  
Intensity Discrimination ◽  
Training Design ◽  
Auditory Temporal Processing ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Aging Adults

Purpose Difficulty in understanding spoken speech is a common complaint among aging adults, even when hearing impairment is absent. Correlational studies point to a relationship between age, auditory temporal processing (ATP), and speech perception but cannot demonstrate causality unlike training studies. In the current study, we test (a) the causal relationship between a spatial–temporal ATP task (temporal order judgment [TOJ]) and speech perception among aging adults using a training design and (b) whether improvement in aging adult speech perception is accompanied by improved self-efficacy. Method Eighty-two participants aged 60–83 years were randomly assigned to a group receiving (a) ATP training (TOJ) over 14 days, (b) non-ATP training (intensity discrimination) over 14 days, or (c) no training. Results The data showed that TOJ training elicited improvement in all speech perception tests, which was accompanied by increased self-efficacy. Neither improvement in speech perception nor self-efficacy was evident following non-ATP training or no training. Conclusions There was no generalization of the improvement resulting from TOJ training to intensity discrimination or generalization of improvement resulting from intensity discrimination training to speech perception. These findings imply that the effect of TOJ training on speech perception is specific and such improvement is not simply the product of generally improved auditory perception. It provides support for the idea that temporal properties of speech are indeed crucial for speech perception. Clinically, the findings suggest that aging adults can be trained to improve their speech perception, specifically through computer-based auditory training, and this may improve perceived self-efficacy.

Effects of Using Mixed Reality With Coaching on the Interprofessional Communication Skills of Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Students

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Jacqueline A. Towson ◽  
Matthew S. Taylor ◽  
Diana L. Abarca ◽  
Claire Donehower Paul ◽  
Faith Ezekiel-Wilder
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Role Play ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Allied Health Professionals ◽  
Interprofessional Communication ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
The Individual

Purpose Communication between allied health professionals, teachers, and family members is a critical skill when addressing and providing for the individual needs of patients. Graduate students in speech-language pathology programs often have limited opportunities to practice these skills prior to or during externship placements. The purpose of this study was to research a mixed reality simulator as a viable option for speech-language pathology graduate students to practice interprofessional communication (IPC) skills delivering diagnostic information to different stakeholders compared to traditional role-play scenarios. Method Eighty graduate students ( N = 80) completing their third semester in one speech-language pathology program were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: mixed-reality simulation with and without coaching or role play with and without coaching. Data were collected on students' self-efficacy, IPC skills pre- and postintervention, and perceptions of the intervention. Results The students in the two coaching groups scored significantly higher than the students in the noncoaching groups on observed IPC skills. There were no significant differences in students' self-efficacy. Students' responses on social validity measures showed both interventions, including coaching, were acceptable and feasible. Conclusions Findings indicated that coaching paired with either mixed-reality simulation or role play are viable methods to target improvement of IPC skills for graduate students in speech-language pathology. These findings are particularly relevant given the recent approval for students to obtain clinical hours in simulated environments.

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