Leaf Structure and Histochemical Analysis of Camphor Tree (Cinnamomum Camphora), a Plant Used in Traditional Remedies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Aikaterina L. Stefi ◽  
Nikolaos S. Christodoulakis
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Structure ◽  
Cinnamomum Camphora ◽  
Histochemical Analysis ◽  
Traditional Remedies ◽  
Camphor Tree

Cyclic secondary somatic embryogenesis and efficient plant regeneration in camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueping Shi ◽  
Xigang Dai ◽  
Guofeng Liu ◽  
Junwei Zhang ◽  
Guogui Ning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Cinnamomum Camphora ◽  
Secondary Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Camphor Tree

scholarly journals Essential oils of camphor tree (cinnamomum camphora nees & eberm) cultivated in Southern Brazil

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caren D. Frizzo ◽  
Ana C. Santos ◽  
Natalia Paroul ◽  
Luciana A. Serafini ◽  
Eduardo Dellacassa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Methyl Silicone ◽  
Cinnamomum Camphora ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Retention Indexes ◽  
Camphor Tree

The essential oils of two varieties of Camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora Nees & Eberm, Lauraceae), known as Hon-Sho and Ho-Sho cultivated in experimental stands in Southern Brazil were studied. The essential oils were obtained from the leaves and twigs of young plants by hydrodistillation. The identification of the components was performed using GC, GC/MS and retention indexes on methyl silicone and carbowax phases. The main components identified were linalool in the Ho-Sho and camphor in the Hon-Sho.

scholarly journals First Report of Anthracnose on Cinnamomum camphora (Camphor tree) Caused by Colletotrichum fioriniae and Colletotrichum siamense in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanhuan Liu ◽  
Da Li ◽  
Tianning Zhang ◽  
Haiyan Zhang ◽  
Qingni Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Cinnamomum Camphora ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Puncture Wound ◽  
First Report ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Camphor Tree

Camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) is native to east Asia, which could produce pharmaceutical metabolites, such as camphor, linalool, and so on (Chen, Tang et al. 2020). In September 2020, severe anthracnose symptoms were observed on the leaves of camphor trees in Nanchang, and estimated incidences ranged from 30% to 80%, which could inhibit leaf growth and reduce their biomass. The lesions were appeared on the leaves of annual branchlets, which the irregular dead areas appeared on leaf tips or margins (Figure 1 A and B), sometimes moving onto the shoots and small twigs. For pathogen isolation, fifteen leaves with typical symptom were randomly collected in Jiangxi Agricultural University (N28°45'38", E115°50'0.006") and the fungi were isolated from the symptomatic-asymptomatic junction and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 25℃ in darkness. A total of 40 isolates were obtained from tissue samples, in which 32 isolates were identified as belonging to Colletotrichum spp. following the published works (Damm, Cannon et al. 2012, Damm, Cannon et al. 2012, Weir, Johnston et al. 2012). Based on the morphologies of conidia, all the 32 isolates were classified into two categories. For further precise identification, the represented isolate YK1 and YK18 were selected to analyzed using morphological characters after 7 days of incubation, and multiple genes including ITS (White, Bruns et al. 1990), ACT, GAPDH, TUB (Damm, Woudenberg et al. 2009) and RPB2 (Réblová, Gams et al. 2011). Sequences were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers from MZ229311 to MZ229326. Conidia of isolate YK1 were aseptate, primarily fusiform and measured 14.07-21.21 µm × 4.99-6.79 µm (n = 51) (Figure 1 L) and acervulus were 60.24 to 113.56 µm × 44.24 to 102.63 µm (n = 6) (Figure 1 K), while that of YK18 were one-celled, cylindric with obtuse ends (Figure 1 N) and measured 13.28-16.51 µm × 4.10-5.82 µm (n = 52) and acervulus were 73.85 to 131.70 µm × 63.93 to 105.66 µm (n = 6) (Figure 1 M). Acervulus of isolate YK1 and YK18 were produced on alfalfa stems 40 days after inoculation and dark brown to black in color. For all the genes showed greater than 99% similarity to multiple C. fioriniae and C. siamense accessions, respectively. The phylogram reconstructed from the combined dataset using W-IQ-TREE (Trifinopoulos, Nguyen et al. 2016) showed that isolate YK1 and YK18 clustered with C. fioriniae and C. siamense, respectively. Pathogenicity of both species was tested in the field by ten inoculating surface-sterilized mature leaves with puncture wound (Figure 1 C and D) and ten non-wounded young leaves with 20 µL of a conidial suspension (105 conidia ml-1) (Figure F and G). Leaves treated with sterilized water under the same conditions served as controls. After 4 to 7 days, the inoculated leaves of camphor tree developed typical dark brown to black lesions, similar to symptoms observed in the field, whereas controls remained symptomless. To fill the Koch’s postulates, C. fioriniae and C. siamense were consistently re-isolated, and confirmed morphologically and molecularly. C. siamense have been found to cause anthracnose on Cinnamomum camphora in China (Xu, 2017). To our knowledge, this is the first report of anthracnose on Cinnamomum camphora with C. fioriniae in China. In addition, this is an indication to the complexes about pathogens to anthracnose on camphor tree, which can pose serious threat to the production of Cinnamomum camphora in China.

scholarly journals Accumulation of Urban Insect Pests in China: 50 Years’ Observations on Camphor Tree (Cinnamomum camphora)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Xiang ◽  
Meifang Zhao ◽  
U. S. Ogbodo
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Cinnamomum Camphora ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Human Control ◽  
Urban Pest ◽  
Pest Outbreaks ◽  
Process Of Urbanization ◽  
Accelerated Growth ◽  
Camphor Tree

Since China experienced a rapid and unprecedented process of urbanization and climate change from 1978 onwards, pest outbreaks were frequently reported on urban forests, which reflects a significant imbalance between natural regulation and human control. Based on information extracted from all journal articles and reports about insect pests on camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) in urban China, we characterized historical patterns and trends in pest outbreaks over large areas. Our results suggested that (1) most distribution areas of C. camphora in urban China had pest records (14 provinces) over the last 50 years, especially at the south-eastern coastal areas; (2) pests on camphor tree in urban China showed an accelerated growth since the 1990s; and (3) pests on camphor tree in urban China were characterized by native and leaf-feeding species. Urbanization seems to positively correlate with urban pest outbreaks. Changes of urban pest outbreaks could largely be described by synchronic changes of socio-economic indicators, of which CO2 emissions as metric tons per capita is the most significant predictor, followed by GDP and human population. Thus, managers and city planners should allocate resources to socio-economic-related pest outbreaks for a sustainable ecosystem.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Characterization of the Trans-Isopentenyl Diphosphate Synthases Gene Family in Cinnamomum camphora

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerui Yang ◽  
Chunzhu Xie ◽  
Ting Zhan ◽  
Linhuan Li ◽  
Shanshan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Cinnamomum Camphora ◽  
Isopentenyl Diphosphate ◽  
Geranyl Diphosphate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Camphor Tree

Trans-isopentenyl diphosphate synthases (TIDSs) genes are known to be important determinants for terpene diversity and the accumulation of terpenoids. The essential oil of Cinnamomum camphora, which is rich in monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and other aromatic compounds, has a wide range of pharmacological activities and has therefore attracted considerable interest. However, the TIDS gene family, and its relationship to the camphor tree (C. camphora L. Presl.), has not yet been characterized. In this study, we identified 10 TIDS genes in the genome of the C. camphora borneol chemotype that were unevenly distributed on chromosomes. Synteny analysis revealed that the TIDS gene family in this species likely expanded through segmental duplication events. Furthermore, cis-element analyses demonstrated that C. camphora TIDS (CcTIDS) genes can respond to multiple abiotic stresses. Finally, functional characterization of eight putative short-chain TIDS proteins revealed that CcTIDS3 and CcTIDS9 exhibit farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS) activity, while CcTIDS1 and CcTIDS2 encode geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases (GGPPS). Although, CcTIDS8 and CcTIDS10 were found to be catalytically inactive alone, they were able to bind to each other to form a heterodimeric functional geranyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS) in vitro, and this interaction was confirmed using a yeast two-hybrid assay. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that the CcTIDS3, CcTIDS8, CcTIDS9, and CcTIDS10 genes were found to be more active in C. camphora roots as compared to stems and leaves, which were verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). These novel results provide a foundation for further exploration of the role of the TIDS gene family in camphor trees, and also provide a potential mechanism by which the production of camphor tree essential oil could be increased for pharmacological purposes through metabolic engineering.

scholarly journals Cinnamomin, a type II ribosome-inactivating protein, is a storage protein in the seed of the camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora)

2002 ◽  
Vol 362 (3) ◽  
pp. 659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren-shui LIU ◽  
Guo-qing WEI ◽  
Qiang YANG ◽  
Wen-jun HE ◽  
Wang-Yi LIU
Keyword(s):  
Storage Protein ◽  
Cinnamomum Camphora ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Ribosome Inactivating Protein ◽  
Camphor Tree

Metabolomics reveals ionones upregulation in MeJA elicited Cinnamomum camphora (camphor tree) cell culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essam M. Abd El-Kader ◽  
Ahmed Serag ◽  
Mohamed S. Aref ◽  
Emad E. A. Ewais ◽  
Mohamed A. Farag
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cinnamomum Camphora ◽  
Camphor Tree

scholarly journals First Report of Leaf Spot Disease on Cinnamomum camphora (Camphor tree) Caused by Epicoccum poaceicola in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Li ◽  
Tianning Zhang ◽  
Qingni Song ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Haiyan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Cinnamomum Camphora ◽  
First Report ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Camphor Tree

As an important industrial, pharmaceutical and evergreen shade tree (Singh and Jawaid 2012), the camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) has been coppiced in Jiangxi Province, China. From 2017 to 2020, we noticed many camphor trees with leaf spots, with an incidence estimated at 50 to 75%, which could severely inhibit leaf growth and reduce their biomass. A dark-green circle with a watery spot appeared on the infected leaves at the initial stage, and necrosis with forming shot-spots surrounded by yellow halos occurred (Figure 1 A). Five leaves with typical symptoms were sampled and washed with tap water for ca. 15 min. Isolation and morphological analysis were performed following the method of Bao et al. (2019). Among 61 fungal isolates, 49 showed the same culture characters. Colonies on PDA were villose and regular, the reverse was scarlet at the edge of the colony, which was ca. 8.75 cm after 7 days of inoculation (Figure 1 I). Chlamydospores were aseptate, dark brown, smooth, in chains or solitary, ellipsoidal to ovoid, 4.8–9.6 × 4.8–11.1 μm (Figure 1 J). The pycnidia were produced on PDA and varied from 47.4 to 85.8 µm (mean 60.2 µm) × 38.6 to 66.8 μm (mean 49.7 μm) (n = 17) (Figure 1 K). Conidia were hyaline, unicellular, elliptical to ovoid, 4.3-6.4 µm (mean 5.1 µm) × 2.3-3.3 µm (mean 2.8 µm) (n = 52) (Figure 1 L). Pathogenicity tests of isolate XW-9 was carried out in the field. Ten leaves were wounded with a sterilized insect needle and inoculated with mycelium plugs (7-mm diameter). Non-colonized PDA plugs served as the negative controlIn addition, conidial suspensions (105 conidia/mL) of isolate XW-9 were sprayed on surface-sterilized leaves with a further ten leaves being sprayed with sterile water as the control. Symptoms described in this study appeared in 100% of the mycelium-inoculated leaves and more than 80% of the conidium-inoculated leaves after 7 days post-inoculation (Figure 1 B-E). No symptoms were seen in the controls (Figure 1 C). Three days after inoculation, brown spots resembling those observed in the field developed on the inoculated leaves, and some lesions turned into shot holes on the infected leaves (Figure 1 G & H). However, no symptoms were observed on the controls (Figure 1 F). The fungus was re-isolated from the margins of the leaf spots and labelled P-XW-9A. The gene regions for ITS, LSU, tub2, RPB2 and ACT of isolates XW-9 and P-XW-9A were amplified and sequenced. The sequences of rDNA-ITS, LSU, tub2, RPB2 and ACT of XW-9 were GenBank MW142397, MW130844, MW165322, MW446945 and MW165324, respectively and those of P-XW-9A were GenBank MW142398, MW130845, MW165323, MW446946 and MW165325, respectively (Lumbsch, et al. 2000; Aveskamp, et al. 2009; Hou et al. 2020). Phylogenetic analysis using concatenated sequences of ITS, LSU, RPB2, and tub2 showed that isolates XW-9 and P-XW-9A formed a single clade with the reference strain of E. poaceicola CBS 987.95 (Figure 2). Thus, XW-9 was identified as E. poaceicola based on its morphological and molecular characteristics. Significantly, the recovered isolate P-XW-9A also aligned with E. poaceicola fulfilling the criteria for Koch's Postulates. E. poaceicola was only reported as a fungal pathogen of Phyllostachys viridis in China (Liu et al. 2020). To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf spot disease on camphor trees caused by E. poaceicola in China and our findings will be useful for its management.

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