The impact of Internet use during COVID-19 lockdown in Rwanda: a potential public health threat

Background UNAIDS has established new program targets for 2025 to achieve the goal of eliminating AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. This study reports on efforts to use mathematical models to estimate the impact of achieving those targets. Methods and findings We simulated the impact of achieving the targets at country level using the Goals model, a mathematical simulation model of HIV epidemic dynamics that includes the impact of prevention and treatment interventions. For 77 high-burden countries, we fit the model to surveillance and survey data for 1970 to 2020 and then projected the impact of achieving the targets for the period 2019 to 2030. Results from these 77 countries were extrapolated to produce estimates for 96 others. Goals model results were checked by comparing against projections done with the Optima HIV model and the AIDS Epidemic Model (AEM) for selected countries. We included estimates of the impact of societal enablers (access to justice and law reform, stigma and discrimination elimination, and gender equality) and the impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Results show that achieving the 2025 targets would reduce new annual infections by 83% (71% to 86% across regions) and AIDS-related deaths by 78% (67% to 81% across regions) by 2025 compared to 2010. Lack of progress on societal enablers could endanger these achievements and result in as many as 2.6 million (44%) cumulative additional new HIV infections and 440,000 (54%) more AIDS-related deaths between 2020 and 2030 compared to full achievement of all targets. COVID-19–related disruptions could increase new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths by 10% in the next 2 years, but targets could still be achieved by 2025. Study limitations include the reliance on self-reports for most data on behaviors, the use of intervention effect sizes from published studies that may overstate intervention impacts outside of controlled study settings, and the use of proxy countries to estimate the impact in countries with fewer than 4,000 annual HIV infections. Conclusions The new targets for 2025 build on the progress made since 2010 and represent ambitious short-term goals. Achieving these targets would bring us close to the goals of reducing new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths by 90% between 2010 and 2030. By 2025, global new infections and AIDS deaths would drop to 4.4 and 3.9 per 100,000 population, and the number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) would be declining. There would be 32 million people on treatment, and they would need continuing support for their lifetime. Incidence for the total global population would be below 0.15% everywhere. The number of PLHIV would start declining by 2023.

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Is transfusion-transmitted dengue fever a potential public health threat?

World Journal of Virology ◽

10.5501/wjv.v4.i2.113 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 113 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Bruno Pozzetto

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Dengue Fever ◽

Health Threat ◽

Public Health Threat ◽

Potential Public Health

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Study the presence of Escherichia coli in broiler chicken meat as potential public health threat

International Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry ◽

10.22271/veterinary.2021.v6.i1a.325 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 43-46

Author(s):

Huma Ahmady

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Chicken Meat ◽

Health Threat ◽

Public Health Threat ◽

Potential Public Health

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Tetanus: A Potential Public Health Threat in Times of Disaster

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x17000012 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 339-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Paige Finkelstein ◽

Laura Teisch ◽

Casey J. Allen ◽

Gabriel Ruiz

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Natural Disasters ◽

Trauma Surgery ◽

Developed Countries ◽

National Institutes Of Health ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Health Threat ◽

Public Health Threat ◽

Potential Public Health

AbstractBackground:Tetanus is a potentially fatal condition that is rare in urban environments but is seen in developing countries and post-natural-disaster. Therefore, the purpose of this report was to review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of tetanus in the trauma patient.Methods:A thorough literature review was conducted to look for the most current and thorough guidelines on the prophylaxis and treatment of tetanus. PUBMED (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland USA), MEDLINE (US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland USA), and Cochrane Library (The Cochrane Collaboration; Oxford, United Kingdom) databases were searched for articles in English, published from 2005 to 2015, using the keywords “Tetanus,” “Trauma/Surgery,” and “Disaster.” Controlled trials, randomized controlled trials, trials of adult patients, published guidelines, expert opinions, and review articles were selected and extracted.Results:Current vaccination schedules in developed countries provide prophylaxis for tetanus. However, when severe natural disasters occur, many patients may not be able to provide a reliable vaccination history. In these situations, tetanus immune globulin (TIG) is indicated; if resources are not limited, both tetanus toxoid and TIG should be given to those with high-risk wounds. If resources are limited, TIG should be reserved for those that would benefit most or those least likely to have the protective antibodies.Conclusions:Although tetanus is a disease that has a low incidence in the developed world due to high rates of immunization, during large-scale natural disasters, compounding factors like the types of injuries, lack of medical services and supplies, and the delay in treatment associated with an already low immunization rate result in an increased incidence and outbreaks of the disease that has higher mortality in an underdeveloped society. It is important for the urban physician that cares for trauma and critical patients to become familiar with the protocols for treatment and immunization of patients that have tetanus-prone wounds, as well as recognize the potential for outbreaks in the settings of major natural disasters.FinkelsteinP, TeischL, AllenCJ, RuizG. Tetanus: a potential public health threat in times of disaster. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(3):339–342.

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Industrially contaminated areas in Serbia as a potential public health threat to the exposed population

Tehnika ◽

10.5937/tehnika1703441m ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 441-447 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Branislava Matic ◽

Uros Rakic ◽

Snezana Dejanovic ◽

Verica Jovanovic ◽

Marija Jevtic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Threat ◽

Exposed Population ◽

Public Health Threat ◽

Potential Public Health

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Genomic analysis of early SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections from the state of Kerala suggest a preponderance of variants of concern

10.31219/osf.io/vn3xs ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vettakkara Kandy Muhammed Niyas ◽

Afra Shamnath ◽

Roshni KJ ◽

Rahul C. Bhoyar ◽

Vimalraj A N ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Immune Escape ◽

Present Report ◽

Genomic Analysis ◽

The State ◽

Health Threat ◽

Public Health Threat ◽

Alpha Beta ◽

Potential Public Health

The SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern, Delta (B.1.617.2) was first reported in December 2020 in India and has spread colossally throughout the globe. Owing to factors like increased transmissibility, immune escape, and virulence, the delta variant has been considered as a potential public health threat apart from other variants of concern like alpha, beta and gamma. Kerala was one of the first states in India to enroll in the systematic genomic surveillance. In the present report, vaccine breakthrough infections were followed up in 147 patients including 55 healthcare workers who had been vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV- 19/BBV152 across eleven districts from the state of Kerala. The timeline of samples analysed were from April 2021 till June 2021. Severity of the infections reported in the enrolled patients found to be mildly symptomatic, majorly with only 0.7% (n=1) of the cohort to be asymptomatic. Genomic analysis of the samples revealed the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) to constitute about 81.6% (n=120) in the studied cohort. This was followed by the Kappa variant B.1.617.1 (8.35%, n=9), AY.1 (0.6%, n= 1), AY.12 (0.6%, n= 1), AY.4 (1.2%, n= 2), AY.9 (1.2%, n= 2) and Eta variant, B.1.525 (0.6%, n= 1). 11 samples were not assigned any lineage. Evidence from this study suggests the preponderance of the Delta variant in the samples analysed.

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