scholarly journals Genomic analysis of early SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections from the state of Kerala suggest a preponderance of variants of concern

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vettakkara Kandy Muhammed Niyas ◽  
Afra Shamnath ◽  
Roshni KJ ◽  
Rahul C. Bhoyar ◽  
Vimalraj A N ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Health Threat ◽  
Public Health Threat ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Potential Public Health

The SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern, Delta (B.1.617.2) was first reported in December 2020 in India and has spread colossally throughout the globe. Owing to factors like increased transmissibility, immune escape, and virulence, the delta variant has been considered as a potential public health threat apart from other variants of concern like alpha, beta and gamma. Kerala was one of the first states in India to enroll in the systematic genomic surveillance. In the present report, vaccine breakthrough infections were followed up in 147 patients including 55 healthcare workers who had been vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV- 19/BBV152 across eleven districts from the state of Kerala. The timeline of samples analysed were from April 2021 till June 2021. Severity of the infections reported in the enrolled patients found to be mildly symptomatic, majorly with only 0.7% (n=1) of the cohort to be asymptomatic. Genomic analysis of the samples revealed the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) to constitute about 81.6% (n=120) in the studied cohort. This was followed by the Kappa variant B.1.617.1 (8.35%, n=9), AY.1 (0.6%, n= 1), AY.12 (0.6%, n= 1), AY.4 (1.2%, n= 2), AY.9 (1.2%, n= 2) and Eta variant, B.1.525 (0.6%, n= 1). 11 samples were not assigned any lineage. Evidence from this study suggests the preponderance of the Delta variant in the samples analysed.

Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and biofilm formation—a potential public health threat?

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1711-1718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijin Ren ◽  
Marije A. Jongsma ◽  
Li Mei ◽  
Henny C. van der Mei ◽  
Henk J. Busscher
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Health Threat ◽  
Public Health Threat ◽  
Fixed Appliances ◽  
Potential Public Health

Tetanus: A Potential Public Health Threat in Times of Disaster

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paige Finkelstein ◽  
Laura Teisch ◽  
Casey J. Allen ◽  
Gabriel Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Trauma Surgery ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Health Threat ◽  
Public Health Threat ◽  
Potential Public Health

AbstractBackground:Tetanus is a potentially fatal condition that is rare in urban environments but is seen in developing countries and post-natural-disaster. Therefore, the purpose of this report was to review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of tetanus in the trauma patient.Methods:A thorough literature review was conducted to look for the most current and thorough guidelines on the prophylaxis and treatment of tetanus. PUBMED (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland USA), MEDLINE (US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland USA), and Cochrane Library (The Cochrane Collaboration; Oxford, United Kingdom) databases were searched for articles in English, published from 2005 to 2015, using the keywords “Tetanus,” “Trauma/Surgery,” and “Disaster.” Controlled trials, randomized controlled trials, trials of adult patients, published guidelines, expert opinions, and review articles were selected and extracted.Results:Current vaccination schedules in developed countries provide prophylaxis for tetanus. However, when severe natural disasters occur, many patients may not be able to provide a reliable vaccination history. In these situations, tetanus immune globulin (TIG) is indicated; if resources are not limited, both tetanus toxoid and TIG should be given to those with high-risk wounds. If resources are limited, TIG should be reserved for those that would benefit most or those least likely to have the protective antibodies.Conclusions:Although tetanus is a disease that has a low incidence in the developed world due to high rates of immunization, during large-scale natural disasters, compounding factors like the types of injuries, lack of medical services and supplies, and the delay in treatment associated with an already low immunization rate result in an increased incidence and outbreaks of the disease that has higher mortality in an underdeveloped society. It is important for the urban physician that cares for trauma and critical patients to become familiar with the protocols for treatment and immunization of patients that have tetanus-prone wounds, as well as recognize the potential for outbreaks in the settings of major natural disasters.FinkelsteinP, TeischL, AllenCJ, RuizG. Tetanus: a potential public health threat in times of disaster. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(3):339–342.

scholarly journals Industrially contaminated areas in Serbia as a potential public health threat to the exposed population

Tehnika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branislava Matic ◽  
Uros Rakic ◽  
Snezana Dejanovic ◽  
Verica Jovanovic ◽  
Marija Jevtic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Threat ◽  
Exposed Population ◽  
Public Health Threat ◽  
Potential Public Health

scholarly journals A road-map for addressing antimicrobial resistance in low- and middle-income countries: lessons learnt from the public private participation and co-designed antimicrobial stewardship programme in the State of Kerala, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Singh ◽  
Esmita Charani ◽  
Sarada Devi ◽  
Anuj Sharma ◽  
Fabia Edathadathil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
The State ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Public Health Threat

Abstract Background The global concern over antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is gathering pace. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are at the epicentre of this growing public health threat and governmental and healthcare organizations are at different stages of implementing action plans to tackle AMR. The South Indian state of Kerala was one of the first in India to implement strategies and prioritize activities to address this public health threat. Strategies Through a committed and collaborative effort from all healthcare related disciplines and its professional societies from both public and private sector, the Kerala Public Private Partnership (PPP) has been able to deliver a state-wide strategy to tackle AMR A multilevel strategic leadership model and a multilevel implementation approach that included developing state-wide antibiotic clinical guidelines, a revision of post-graduate and undergraduate medical curriculum, and a training program covering all general practitioners within the state the PPP proved to be a successful model for ensuring state-wide implementation of an AMR action plan. Collaborative work of multi-professional groups ensured co-design and development of disease based clinical treatment guidelines and state-wide infection prevention policy. Knowledge exchange though international and national platforms in the form of workshops for sharing of best practices is critical to success. Capacity building at both public and private institutions included addressing practical and local solutions to the barriers e.g. good antibiotic prescription practices from primary to tertiary care facility and infection prevention at all levels. Conclusion Through 7 years of stakeholder engagement, lobbying with government, and driving change through co-development and implementation, the PPP successfully delivered an antimicrobial stewardship plan across the state. The roadmap for the implementation of the Kerala PPP strategic AMR plan can provide learning for other states and countries aiming to implement action plans for AMR.

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