scholarly journals Negative life events and symptoms of depression and anxiety: stress causation and/or stress generation

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna C. Phillips ◽  
Douglas Carroll ◽  
Geoff Der
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Stress Generation ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression

scholarly journals Psychological Distress and Stressful Life Events in Pediatric Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Wager ◽  
Hannah Brehmer ◽  
Gerrit Hirschfeld ◽  
Boris Zernikow
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Functional Abdominal Pain ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression

BACKGROUND: There is little knowledge regarding the association between psychological factors and complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) in children. Specifically, it is not known which factors precipitate CRPS and which result from the ongoing painful disease.OBJECTIVES: To examine symptoms of depression and anxiety as well as the experience of stressful life events in children with CRPS compared with children with chronic primary headaches and functional abdominal pain.METHODS: A retrospective chart study examined children with CRPS (n=37) who received intensive inpatient pain treatment between 2004 and 2010. They were compared with two control groups (chronic primary headaches and functional abdominal pain; each n=37), who also received intensive inpatient pain treatment. Control groups were matched with the CRPS group with regard to admission date, age and sex. Groups were compared on symptoms of depression and anxiety as well as stressful life events.RESULTS: Children with CRPS reported lower anxiety and depression scores compared with children with abdominal pain. A higher number of stressful life events before and after the onset of the pain condition was observed for children with CRPS.CONCLUSIONS: Children with CRPS are not particularly prone to symptoms of anxiety or depression. Importantly, children with CRPS experienced more stressful life events than children with chronic headaches or abdominal pain. Prospective long-term studies are needed to further explore the potential role of stressful life events in the etiology of CRPS.

Additive and Synergetic Contributions of Neuroticism and Life Events to Depression and Anxiety in Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Kandler ◽  
Fritz Ostendorf
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Negative Life Event ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Positive Life Events ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Stress Models

In this genetically informative and longitudinal study of women, we investigated the nature of individual differences in tendencies to depression (TD) and anxiety (TA) as well as in the probability to develop unipolar mood disorders (UMDs), anxiety disorders (ADs) or both. Specifically, we examined the roles of neuroticism, negative and positive life events and their interplay as heritable and environmental factors of variance in TD and TA. Cross–sectional data from a total of 1200 women including 232 patients (suffering from UMDs and/or ADs) and longitudinal data from 630 female twins including 260 complete pairs were analysed. The analyses yielded that variance in neuroticism mediated the vast majority of the genetic variance in both TD (about 85–90%) and TA (about 70–75%). Negative life events additionally contributed as risk factors accounting for common and specific environmental variance in both TD and TA, whereas positive life events only acted as protective factors in the case of TD. Moreover, TD but not TA was associated with both the probability of exposure and the sensitivity to negative life events and a negative life–event balance (i.e. more negative than positive experiences). The results were discussed within the framework of additive, dynamic and synergetic diathesis–stress models. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology

The Relationship of Sociotropy and Autonomy to Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Fresco ◽  
William S. Sampson ◽  
Linda W. Craighead ◽  
Ashton N. Koons
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Prospective Design ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Sociotropy And Autonomy ◽  
The Relationship

Beck (1983) hypothesized that excessive interpersonal (sociotropy) and achievement (autonomy) concerns represent vulnerabilities to depression when congruent negative life events occur and that these personality constructs relate differentially to specific depressive symptoms. Recent research suggests that sociotropy relates to both depression and anxiety symptoms while autonomy may be specifically related to depression symptoms. This study employed a longitudinal, prospective design with a sample of 78 undergraduates to test aspects of Beck’s (1983) hypotheses. Sociotropy correlated with anxiety symptoms while autonomy correlated with depression symptoms. Additionally, sociotropy moderated the relationship of life stress to depression symptoms for both negative interpersonal and achievement stress while autonomy moderated the relationship of life stress to depression symptoms for negative interpersonal events only. Finally, sociotropy and autonomy also moderated the relationship between life stress and anxiety symptoms in a pattern that was different from the pattern with depression symptoms. Findings from the present study add to a growing body of empirical evidence that sociotropy and autonomy relate to depression and introduce evidence indicating how these constructs may relate to anxiety.

scholarly journals Suicidal Behavior and Stress Generation in Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T. Liu ◽  
Anthony Spirito
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Stress Generation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Form Of Life ◽  
Lifetime Number ◽  
Stress Interview

Stress generation has potential to account for recurrent suicidal behavior. The current study represents a first step toward evaluating this possibility in a sample of adolescent psychiatric inpatients ( n = 99; 79.80% female) followed over 6 months. At index admission, participants completed baseline measures of depressive symptom severity, suicidal ideation, lifetime history of suicide attempts, and negative life events using a contextual threat life stress interview. Negative life events since baseline were assessed at the follow-up assessment. Consistent with the stress generation hypothesis, lifetime number of suicide attempts prospectively predicted higher rates of dependent but not independent stress. Bayesian analyses also yielded substantial support for an association with overall dependent stress but provided more modest support for specificity to this form of life stress relative to independent stress. Implications of these findings and directions for future research further clarifying the role of stress generation in suicidal behavior are discussed.

Depression and anxiety in unemployed men

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Eales
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Borderline Case ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Psychiatric Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Severe Life Events ◽  
State Examination

SynopsisPsychiatric status and psychosocial variables were assessed in a group of 80 unemployed men. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed using the Present State Examination and ‘caseness’ rated according to the Bedford College criteria. Among men who were normal at the time of job loss, 14% developed a ‘case’ disorder and a further 17% a ‘borderline case’ disorder over the first 6 months of unemployment. These rates are similar to those found in studies concerned with a wider range of severe life events. An increased risk of onset was associated with three factors: lack of an intimate relationship with a wife or girlfriend, trait shyness, and preexisting economic difficulties.

Type and Intensity of Negative Life Events Are Associated With Depression in Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oddbjørn Hove ◽  
Jörg Assmus ◽  
Odd E. Havik
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

Abstract This study investigated the associations between types and intensity of life events and symptoms of depression among adults with intellectual disabilities. A community sample (N = 593) was screened for current depression and exposure to life events (i.e., loss, illness, change, and bullying) during the previous 12 months. Symptoms of depression were measured using the Psychopathology Checklists for Adults With Intellectual Disabilities. Exposure to three of the four types of life events studied (loss, illness, and bullying) and the intensity of the events were associated with depression, particularly in the cases of loss of relatives and bullying. Quality of care moderated the association between bullying and depression and may buffer the adverse consequences of bullying.

Positive and negative life events and personality traits in predicting course of depression and anxiety

2011 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 462-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Spinhoven ◽  
B. M. Elzinga ◽  
J. G. F. M. Hovens ◽  
K. Roelofs ◽  
P. van Oppen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Course Of Depression
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