Electrical Conductivity, Water Absorption, Leaching, and Color Change of Chickpea (Cicer arietinumL.) during Soaking with Ultrasound Treatment

Heat-cured denture base resin is an important component in removable partial dentures and complete dentures, and has been widely used in the clinic. However, during long-term use, its appearance may be affected by varying degrees of color change, affecting the appearance and longevity of the dentures. In this study we examined the color changes and water absorption and solubility of dental base resins to investigate the color stability of four types of resin materials: New Century, Heraeus, Nissin and BASIS-HI. They were soaked in artificial saliva (as control), red wine, cola, coffee and tea separately at 37°C for 1, 4 or 12 weeks. Results are presented on which the color changes of dental base resin materials were associated with different denture base resins, soak solutions and storage times. We found that most of the dental resins became darker at prolonged immersion time. Heraeus resins showed more significant changes after soaking in red wine for 12 weeks, and its water absorption and solubility values were also greater than those of the other three types of resins. The color changes of New Century, Nissin and BASIS-HI soaked in the four solutions were relatively stable. The information obtained here will help optimize maintenance of dentures and also inform choice of denture materials.

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Water Absorption and Electrical Conductivity for Internally Cured Mortars with a W/C between 0.30 and 0.45

Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering ◽

10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0000377 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 223-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Javier Castro ◽

Robert Spragg ◽

Jason Weiss

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Water Absorption

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Reduced Graphene Oxide/Carboxymethyl Cellulose Nanocomposites: Novel Conductive Films

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2019.16120 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 3544-3550 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jutamas Ampaiwong ◽

Pranee Rattanawaleedirojn ◽

Kanokwan Saengkiettiyut ◽

Nadnudda Rodthongkum ◽

Pranut Potiyaraj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Tensile Properties ◽

Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽

Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Cellulose Film ◽

Cellulose Films ◽

Reduced Graphene

Herein, carboxymethyl cellulose nanocomposite films incorporated with graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide were successfully prepared by a novel approach for the first time, and their alternative properties compared with the original carboxymethyl cellulose films were disclosed. For carboxymethyl cellulose/reduced graphene oxide film preparation, sodium borohydride was used as a chemical reducing agent. The carboxymethyl cellulose films were prepared by using a solvent casting method, followed by an acid treatment to decrease the water solubility (98%) while enhancing the tensile strength (15%) and elastic modulus (32%) of the original carboxymethyl cellulose films. Overall, the addition of 1.0 wt% graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide to the treated films increased the water solubility, water absorption, tensile properties and electrical conductivity. Particularly, the electrical conductivity was predominantly enhanced 1.3×105 times with graphene oxide and 2.2×105 times with reduced graphene oxide compared to the treated carboxymethyl cellulose film. The electrical conductivity of the treated carboxymethyl cellulose film also increased with an increase in reduced graphene oxide. The effects of reduced graphene oxide on the water solubility, water absorption, tensile properties and electrical conductivity of the treated carboxymethyl cellulose film were more pronounced than those of graphene oxide, especially for the electrical conductivity. In conclusion, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide might be alternative nanofillers for improving the carboxymethyl cellulose film properties. For the future applications, carboxymethyl cellulose/reduced graphene oxide films prepared by using this approach might be employed as alternative materials in electronic packagings and electrochemical biosensors.

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Transport and Flame Properties of Natural Fibre Reinforced Polymers

Polymers and Polymer Composites ◽

10.1177/096739110501300802 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 753-764 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

F.G. Torres ◽

R. Flores ◽

J.F. Dienstmaier ◽

O.A. Quintana

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Water Absorption ◽

High Density Polyethylene ◽

Structural Integrity ◽

Natural Fibre ◽

Fibre Content ◽

Reinforced Polymers ◽

Void Fractions ◽

Conductivity Water ◽

Burn Rate

The authors studied the thermal conductivity, water absorption and linear burn rate of natural fibre reinforced polymers (NFRP). High density polyethylene (HDPE) and degradable starch-based polymers were used as matrices. Discrete sisal ( Agave Sisalacea) fibres were used as reinforcement. The effect of fibre content, moisture and void fractions on thermal conductivity was studied. From water absorption tests, it was determined that water diffusion in NFRPs corresponds to a Fickian process only in the early stages of diffusion. Diffusivities were obtained for that case. Linear burn rate experiments showed that sisal reinforced polymers burn twice as fast as unreinforced HDPE specimens, however the reinforced specimens show better structural integrity during burning than the unreinforced ones, probably due to an increase in viscosity and melt strength due to the presence of reinforcing fibres.

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The Effects of Pasteurization by Conventional and Ohmic Heating Methods and Concentration Processes on the Madan (Garcinia Schomburgkiana Pierre) Juice Properties

Applied Engineering in Agriculture ◽

10.13031/aea.13618 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 205-219

Author(s):

Krittiya - Khuenpet ◽

Weerachet - Jittanit

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Mathematical Models ◽

Color Change ◽

Ohmic Heating ◽

Conventional Heating ◽

Heating Method ◽

Electrical Conductivities ◽

Juice Concentrate ◽

Filtration Step

HighlightsThis research proved that Madan juice should be filtered before pasteurization in order to be more palatable for consumer.Madan juices and its concentrates can be efficiently heated by ohmic method due to their high electrical conductivities.Mathematical models developed in this study can accurately predict the electrical conductivity of the Madan juice during ohmic heating.This research proved that the quality of pasteurized Madan juice concentrates was rather steady during 60 days of storage.Abstract.Madan is a native fruit of the Southeast Asian region. The objectives of this research were: 1) to investigate the effect of pasteurization methods on the qualities of Madan juices and 2) to examine the influence of ohmic heating on the qualities and storage stability of pasteurized and concentrated juice compared to conventional heating method. It appeared that Madan juices (5-27.2 °Brix) can be heated by ohmic method due to high electrical conductivities (1.37-4.74 S.m-1). Mathematical models developed in this study can precisely predict the electrical conductivity of Madan juice. Filtration step and pasteurization condition of 95°C for 15 s should be applied in Madan juice processing because they provided the highest sensorial scores and the lowest color change. The continuous-mode machine provided the lightest color with low redness and yellowness values. Quality changes of Madan juice concentrate samples pasteurized using double jacket kettle and ohmic heating method were diminutive during 60 days of storage. Keywords: Concentration, Juice, Madan, Ohmic heating, Pasteurization.

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Investigation of Water Absorption and Color Change of Indirect Composite Resins

European Annals of Dental Sciences ◽

10.52037/eads.2021.0021 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nur İskender ◽

Bilge Ersöz ◽

Numan Aydın ◽

Serpil Karaoğlanoğlu ◽

Elif Aybala Oktay

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Composite Resin ◽

Color Change ◽

Composite Resins ◽

Tissue Loss ◽

Absorption Data ◽

Color Changes ◽

Indirect Composites ◽

Indirect Composite

Purpose:Since conventional composite resins have some disadvantages such as polymerization shrinkage and secondarycaries formation, indirect restorations are preferred in cases where tooth tissue loss is high. The aim of this study is toexamine the water absorption and color change of indirect composite resins in different beverages.Materials & Methods:In the study, 40 specimens (10×2 mm) were arranged from each composite using three indirect(Signum Composite, Signum Ceramis and Gradia Plus) and one conventional (GrandioSO) composite resin. After thespecimens were polished, they were used for water absorption and color change test. The water absorption test wasperformed through keeping them in water for 7 days as specified in ISO 4049:2009. Samples were kept in coffee, tea anddistilled water for 7 days in order to examine color differences. The water absorption and color change values of thecomposite resins at the end of the 7th day were appraised using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test(p<0.05).Results:While there was no statistically considerable difference between the water absorption data of the indirect andtraditional composite resin materials we used in the study (p>0.05). When the color changes of resin-containingcomposites in water, coffee and tea were examined, traditional composite resin (GrandioSO) showed statistically lesscolor change than indirect composites in water, coffee and tea (p<0.05).Conclusion:Although indirect composite resins showed similar water absorption with conventional composite, theyshowed more color change than conventional composite. The highest color change in indirect composites was seen incoffee solution. Particle size of the indirect composites do not affect water absorption, but the decrease in particle size ofcomposites shows less color change.

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The influence of frozen storage conditions on selected quality parameters of poultry and pork

AUTOBUSY – Technika Eksploatacja Systemy Transportowe ◽

10.24136/atest.2018.241 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 1137-1140

Author(s):

Krzysztof Tereszkiewicz ◽

Magdalena Pigoń ◽

Piotr Molenda ◽

Karolina Choroszy

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Water Content ◽

Ph Value ◽

Frozen Storage ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Physico Chemical

The paper presents results of studies concerning the influence of frozen storage conditions on selected quality parameters of poultry and pork. The following physico-chemical parameters were analysed: water content, pH value, lightness of colour, electrical conductivity and water absorption. It was observed that during the analysed period of frozen storage similar changes of the examined quality parameters occurred in both types of meat, yet with a different intensity. In poultry, higher losses of water were observed, as well as a significant increase in light-ness of colour and in the index of water absorption. In pork, changes in pH value and electrical conductivity were the most visible.

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Water absorption and improvement of methods for electrical conductivity test in acacia seeds

Revista de Biología Tropical ◽

10.15517/rbt.v64i4.21944 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniel Luiz de Oliveira ◽

Oscar Jose Smiderle ◽

Pollyana Priscila Schurtz Paulino ◽

Aline Das Graças Souza

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Germination Test ◽

Germination Speed ◽

Water Container ◽

The Times ◽

Old Trees ◽

Plastic Containers

It was intended in this work to characterize the water absorption standard after seed dormancy break and establishing the amount of water, container size and the need of breaking the tegument dormancy for the application of the electrical conductivity test in small and large seeds of A. mangium with different ages established in poor yielding-capacity soils on savannah areas of Roraima. The seeds were collected on trees 10, 8 and 6 years old, afterwards, classified into large and small, constituting six lots. Germination test with four replications of 50 seeds for each lot on germitest® paper maintained on gerbox at 25°C was carried out. Imbibition was verified with weighing in the times of 0, 2, 5, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 and 120 hours with the seeds placed between papers. The electrical conductivity test consisted of three experiments, distinguished by the amount of water utilized and by the size of the container in which the seeds were immersed. Seeds of A. mangium coming from trees over 10 years old presented increased germination percent and germination speed than seeds of six-year old trees. Small seeds present increased electrical conductivity and water absorption till 120 hours relative to large seeds. The immersion of seeds of A. mangium in 40 mL of distilled water into 180-mL plastic containers, after dormancy break, is indicated for the determination of electrical conductivity.

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The Preparation of Ni-Co-Fe/PU Magnetic Composite Membrane

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.2937 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 239-242 ◽

pp. 2937-2941

Author(s):

Jian Chao Zhan

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effect ◽

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Electromagnetic Shielding ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Magnetic Composite ◽

Shielding Effectiveness ◽

Wear Performance ◽

Conductivity Water ◽

Polyamide Fabric

On the base of electroless plating on fabric, the Ni-Co-Fe was plated on the PU membrane of coated polyamide fabric and the respiratory electromagnetic shielding fabric was developed. The functionality and wear-ability of electromagnetic shielding fabric was tested and analyzed. The results showed that it has good electrical conductivity, water vapor permeability, electromagnetic shielding performance and durability and so on. With the weight increasing rate goes up, the shielding effectiveness, vapor permeability and electrical conductivity increases obviously, then prone to slow increment. The plated layer on fabric has an adverse effect on the wear performance and on the premise of meeting respiratory and electromagnetic shielding performance, the thickness of plated layer should be decreased to the least extend.

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