Entrepreneurial path dependency in labour market regions: a longitudinal panel study of related and unrelated variety

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-267
Author(s):  
Jarle Aarstad ◽  
Olav Andreas Kvitastein
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Path Dependency ◽  
Unrelated Variety

Atypical employment over the life cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-213
Author(s):  
Ronald Bachmann ◽  
Rahel Felder ◽  
Marcus Tamm
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Employment Trajectories ◽  
Atypical Employment

PurposeThis paper analyses how the employment histories of cohorts born after World War II in Germany have changed. A specific focus is on the role of atypical employment in this context.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses data from the adult cohort of the National Educational Panel Study and presents descriptive evidence on employment patterns for different cohorts. In addition, a sequence analysis of employment trajectories illustrates key aspects related to the opportunities and risks of atypical employment.FindingsYounger cohorts are characterised by acquiring more education, by entering into employment at a higher age and by experiencing atypical employment more often. The latter is associated with much higher employment of women for younger cohorts. The sequence analysis reveals that the proportion of individuals whose entry into the labour market is almost exclusively characterised by atypical employment rises significantly across the cohorts. Moreover, a substantial part of the increase in atypical employment is due to the increased participation of women, with part-time jobs or mini-jobs playing an important role in re-entering the labour market after career breaks.Originality/valueThe most important contribution of this article to the existing literature lies in the life course perspective taken for different birth cohorts. The findings are of great interest to the general debate about the success of the German labour market in recent decades and its implications for individual labour-market histories, but also about rising income inequality at about the same time.

BODY MASS INDEX AND SELF-EMPLOYMENT IN SOUTH KOREA

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euna Han ◽  
Tae Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
The Impact

SummaryThis study assesses differential labour performance by body mass index (BMI), focusing on heterogeneity across three distinct employment statuses: unemployed, self-employed and salaried. Data were drawn from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study. The final sample included 15,180 person-year observations (9645 men and 5535 women) between 20 and 65 years of age. The findings show that (i) overweight/obese women are less likely to have salaried jobs than underweight/normal weight women, whereas overweight/obese men are more likely to be employed in both the salaried and self-employed sectors than underweight/normal men, (ii) overweight/obese women have lower wages only in permanent salaried jobs than underweight/normal weight women, whereas overweight/obese men earn higher wages only in salaried temporary jobs than underweight/normal weight women, (iii) overweight/obese women earn lower wages only in service, sales, semi-professional and blue-collar jobs in the salaried sector than underweight/normal weight women, whereas overweight/obese men have lower wages only in sales jobs in the self-employed sector than underweight/normal weight women. The statistically significant BMI penalty in labour market outcomes, which occurs only in the salaried sector for women, implies that there is an employers’ distaste for workers with a high BMI status and that it is a plausible mechanism for job market penalty related to BMI status. Thus, heterogeneous job characteristics across and within salaried versus self-employed sectors need to be accounted for when assessing the impact of BMI status on labour market outcomes.

Ethnic Differences in Labour Market Outcomes—The Role of Language-Based Discrimination

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Schmaus
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
Taste Discrimination ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Host country language proficiency has been shown to account for ethnic differences in labour market outcomes. Prior studies generally assume that language skills represent a form of human capital, affecting employees’ productivity. However, language proficiency may also be associated with discrimination. Lower language proficiency may elicit distaste for certain ethnic groups, as it is a prominent reminder of the respective origin. When this reminder vanishes as language skills rise, group-specific distaste should also reduce. Employers may thus not only value language skills in terms of productivity but also factor in less group-specific distaste when evaluating immigrant jobseekers with high-language skills. Moreover, if employers lack information on competences that are hard to observe, high-language proficiency may prevent the application of adverse ethnic beliefs. Using data from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), I examine whether language skills affect crucial indicators of labour market success differently for groups that vary with respect to the level of distaste associated with them. I also investigate whether this effect is conditional on the amount of information available to employers. Findings indicate group-specific returns to higher-language proficiency, irrespective of the available information. This might suggest that, in addition to affecting employees’ productivity, language proficiency may also be associated with taste discrimination for certain ethnic groups.

Non-Financial Employment Motivation and Well-Being in different Labour Market Situations: A Longitudinal Study

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Nordenmark
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Labour Market Situation ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
Market Status ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Employment Commitment

This article examines non-financial employment motivation and mental well-being among people in different labour market situations, such as unemployment, stimulating employment or instrumental employment, and controls for the possibility that variations in motivation and well-being are either caused by present labour market status or are the result of a selection process. The article is based on a panel study of 1,782 Swedes who were interviewed at the beginning of 1996, when all were unemployed, and then again at the end of 1997, when the labour market situation had changed for some of them. The results show that, in 1997, the unemployed had the same level of employment commitment as individuals with instrumental jobs, but as compared to people with stimulating jobs, their non-financial employment motivation was weaker. In general, the unemployed report poorer mental well-being than the employed. Results support the hypothesis that the substantial changes in employment commitment and mental health observed between 1996 and 1997 are primarily due to the labour market situation in 1997. The results refute the notion that the level of employment motivation is a major determinant of the likelihood of getting a paid job.

scholarly journals Parental Unemployment and the Transition to Vocational Training in Germany: Interaction of Household and Regional Sources of Disadvantage

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 684-700
Author(s):  
Kristina Lindemann ◽  
Markus Gangl
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Secondary Schooling ◽  
Successful Transition ◽  
Parental Unemployment ◽  
Regional Labour Market ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe examine the impact of parental unemployment and regional labour market conditions on the probability of a successful transition from non-academic secondary schooling to vocational training in Germany, using data from the National Educational Panel Study and multilevel logistic regression models. Although widely regarded as a low-cost, low-risk and high-gain vocational path, we nevertheless find a clear negative effect of parental unemployment on adolescents’ chances of entering an apprenticeship contract. We test for poorer school performance, reduced household income, reduced self-esteem and limited access to labour market information as potential mediators of the effect, and only find support for some limited impact of economic deprivation. However, we also show that in families where one parent has experienced unemployment shortly before the child’s own transition from secondary schooling, students’ chances of a successful transition depend much more strongly on regional labour market conditions than in families without parental experiences of unemployment. Even in a regulated transition system like Germany’s, adverse labour market conditions thus reinforce the intergenerational disadvantages induced by parental unemployment.

The temporary employed in Poland: Beneficiaries or victims of the liberal labour market?

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Pilc
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Temporary Employment ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Future Career ◽  
The Social ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

Poland has had the highest incidence of temporary employment among the EU countries since 2009. However, due to a lack of proper data, only a few empirical studies have been devoted to analyse the consequences of temporary employment for future career and economic prospects on the Polish labour market. In this study the data from the Social Diagnosis panel study for the years 2009–2013 are used in order to analyse these consequences. The results reveal that although the chances for the temporary employed of finding a permanent job increase and the risk of being unemployed decreases over time, the negative consequences of temporary employment for income and its perceived stability do not seem to diminish.

scholarly journals Gender Role Attitudes and Labour Market Behaviours: Do Attitudes Contribute to Gender Differences in Employment in Germany?

2021 ◽  
pp. 095001702110113
Author(s):  
Torsten Lietzmann ◽  
Corinna Frodermann
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Employment Probabilities ◽  
Full Time Employment ◽  
Egalitarian Attitudes ◽  
Market Behaviour

This article contributes to the literature on persistent gender inequalities in the labour market by investigating gender role attitudes in Germany and their association with labour market behaviour. Based on the German Panel Study ‘Labour Market and Social Security’ (PASS), longitudinal analyses are applied to examine the influence of gender role attitudes and the household context on various employment states. The results reveal that gender role attitudes are crucial for labour market behaviour and that there are differences among women and men in different household contexts. Whereas single men and women do not differ significantly in their employment probabilities, women in couple households are less active in the labour market than their male counterparts. Furthermore, differences in employment are largest in couples with children. Among women, differences in full-time employment by household context become smaller when these women hold egalitarian attitudes.

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