Negative emotion words are less susceptible to repetition blindness

Abstract. The benefits of talking with others about unpleasant emotions have been thoroughly investigated, but individual differences in distress disclosure tendencies have not been adequately integrated within theoretical models of emotion. The purpose of this laboratory research was to determine whether distress disclosure tendencies stem from differences in emotional reactivity or differences in emotion regulation. After completing measures of distress disclosure tendencies, social desirability, and positive and negative affect, 84 participants (74% women) were video recorded while viewing a sadness-inducing film clip. Participants completed post-film measures of affect and were then interviewed about their reactions to the film; these interviews were audio recorded for later coding and computerized text analysis. Distress disclosure tendencies were not predictive of the subjective experience of emotion, but they were positively related to facial expressions of sadness and happiness. Distress disclosure tendencies also predicted judges’ ratings of the verbal disclosure of emotion during the interview, but self-reported disclosure and use of positive and negative emotion words were not associated with distress disclosure tendencies. The authors present implications of this research for integrating individual differences in distress disclosure with models of emotion.

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Negative Emotion Words May Affect Attentional Disengagement in RSVP Streams

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e585262007-001 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Amy L. Ramos ◽

Aaron S. Weiner ◽

Veronica J. Dark

Keyword(s):

Negative Emotion ◽

Attentional Disengagement ◽

Emotion Words

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The Effect of Frames on Personal Narratives of Bullying Memories

Psychological Reports ◽

10.1177/00332941211006343 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003329412110063

Author(s):

Abigail M. Stark ◽

Olivia H. Tousignant ◽

Gary D. Fireman

Keyword(s):

Peer Relationships ◽

Social Order ◽

Positive Emotion ◽

Negative Emotion ◽

Personal Narratives ◽

Psychosocial Effects ◽

Emotion Words ◽

Bullying Experiences ◽

Definition Of ◽

Past Experiences

Research demonstrates the malleability of memory; a dynamic process that occurs across development and can be influenced by internal and external frames. Narratives of past experiences represent one modality of understanding how memories are influenced by these frames. The present experimental study examines how memories of bullying are affected by two distinct yet common cultural frames. College students ( n = 92) were randomly assigned to one of two groups; one with a definition of bullying framing the experience in terms of resilience and one framing it in terms of negative psychosocial effects. Participants then wrote about a remembered experience with bullying. The researchers coded the narratives for coping strategies used in response to bullying as well as for positive or negative emotion words and story endings. The results demonstrated statistically significant differences between groups in the ways bullying experiences were remembered and described. Participants in the Resiliency Group more often had positive endings to their bullying narratives and used more coping skills and positive emotion words overall. The implications of a subtle frame influencing memories of bullying and its relation to development, identity, social order, peer relationships, and resilience are discussed.

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Emotion Word Use by Adolescents Who Stutter: An Exploratory Study

Perspectives on Fluency and Fluency Disorders ◽

10.1044/ffd23.1.6 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 6-14

Author(s):

Corrin G. Richels ◽

Rogge Jessica

Keyword(s):

Positive Emotion ◽

Negative Emotion ◽

Conversational Speech ◽

Word Count ◽

Word Use ◽

Emotion Words ◽

Emotion Word ◽

Linguistic Inquiry ◽

Positive Valence ◽

Analyze Data

Purpose: Deficits in the ability to use emotion vocabulary may result in difficulties for adolescents who stutter (AWS) and may contribute to disfluencies and stuttering. In this project, we aimed to describe the emotion words used during conversational speech by AWS. Methods: Participants were 26 AWS between the ages of 12 years, 5 months and 15 years, 11 months-old (n=4 females, n=22 males). We drew personal narrative samples from the UCLASS database. We used Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software to analyze data samples for numbers of emotion words. Results: Results indicated that the AWS produced significantly higher numbers of emotion words with a positive valence. AWS tended to use the same few positive emotion words to the near exclusion of words with negative emotion valence. Conclusion: A lack of diversity in emotion vocabulary may make it difficult for AWS to engage in meaningful discourse about negative aspects of being a person who stutters

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INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN EMOTION REGULATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONDING TO STRESS

10.31234/osf.io/hjgm2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Siobhán M Griffin ◽

Siobhán Howard

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Emotion Regulation ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Acute Stress ◽

Negative Emotion ◽

Cardiovascular Response ◽

Peripheral Resistance ◽

Cardiovascular Responses ◽

Emotional Valence ◽

Emotion Words

Instructed use of reappraisal to regulate stress in the laboratory is typically associated with a more adaptive cardiovascular response to stress, indexed by either: (i) lower cardiovascular reactivity (CVR; e.g., lower blood pressure); or (ii) a challenge-oriented response profile (i.e., greater cardiac output paired with lower total peripheral resistance). In contrast, instructed use of suppression is associated with exaggerated CVR (e.g., greater heart rate, blood pressure). Despite this, few studies have examined if the habitual use of these strategies are related to cardiovascular responding during stress. The current study examined the relationship between cardiovascular responses to acute stress and individual differences in emotion regulation style: trait reappraisal, suppression, and emotion regulation difficulties. Forty-eight participants (25 women, 23 men) completed a standardised laboratory stress paradigm incorporating a 20-minute acclimatization period, a 10-minute baseline, and two 5-minute speech tasks separated by a 10-minute inter-task rest period. The emotional valence of the speech task was examined as a potential moderating factor; participants spoke about a block of negative-emotion words and a block of neutral-emotion words. Cardiovascular parameters were measured using the Finometer Pro. Greater habitual use of suppression was associated with exaggerated blood pressure responding to both tasks. However, only in response to the negative-emotion task was greater use of reappraisal associated with a challenge-oriented cardiovascular response. The findings suggest that individual differences in emotion regulation translate to differing patterns of CVR to stress, but the emotional valence of the stressor may play a role.

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How Do Emotions during Goal Pursuit in Weight Change over Time? Retrospective Computational Text Analysis of Goal Setting and Striving Conversations with a Coach during a Mobile Weight Loss Program

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18126600 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 6600

Author(s):

Heather Behr ◽

Annabell Suh Ho ◽

Ellen Siobhan Mitchell ◽

Qiuchen Yang ◽

Laura DeLuca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Goal Setting ◽

Text Analysis ◽

Positive Emotion ◽

Negative Emotion ◽

Goal Pursuit ◽

Weight Loss Program ◽

Self Report ◽

Emotion Words ◽

Over Time

During behavioral weight management, individuals reflect on their progress and barriers through goal pursuit (goal setting and goal striving). Emotions during goal pursuit are largely unknown, and previous investigations of emotions in weight management have primarily relied on self-report. In this retrospective study, we used a well-validated computational text analysis approach to explore how emotion words changed over time during goal setting and striving conversations with a coach in a mobile weight loss program. Linear mixed models examined changes in emotion words each month from baseline to program end and compared emotion words between individuals who set an overall concrete goal for the program (concrete goal setters) and those who set an overall abstract goal (abstract goal setters). Contrary to findings using self-report, positive emotion words were stable and negative emotion words significantly increased over time. There was a marginal trend towards greater negative emotion word use being associated with greater weight loss. Concrete goal setters used more positive words than abstract goal setters, with no differences in negative emotion words and weight loss. Implications include the possibility that individuals may need increasing support over time for negative emotions expressed during goal setting and striving, and concrete goals could boost positive emotion. Future research should investigate these possibilities.

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Predicting Depression From Language-Based Emotion Dynamics: Longitudinal Analysis of Facebook and Twitter Status Updates (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.9267 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elizabeth M Seabrook ◽

Margaret L Kern ◽

Ben D Fulcher ◽

Nikki S Rickard

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Negative Emotion ◽

Depression Severity ◽

Emotion Words ◽

Emotion Word ◽

The Social ◽

Average Proportion ◽

Media Platform ◽

Twitter Users ◽

Dynamic Measures

BACKGROUND Frequent expression of negative emotion words on social media has been linked to depression. However, metrics have relied on average values, not dynamic measures of emotional volatility. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to report on the associations between depression severity and the variability (time-unstructured) and instability (time-structured) in emotion word expression on Facebook and Twitter across status updates. METHODS Status updates and depression severity ratings of 29 Facebook users and 49 Twitter users were collected through the app MoodPrism. The average proportion of positive and negative emotion words used, within-person variability, and instability were computed. RESULTS Negative emotion word instability was a significant predictor of greater depression severity on Facebook (rs(29)=.44, P=.02, 95% CI 0.09-0.69), even after controlling for the average proportion of negative emotion words used (partial rs(26)=.51, P=.006) and within-person variability (partial rs(26)=.49, P=.009). A different pattern emerged on Twitter where greater negative emotion word variability indicated lower depression severity (rs(49)=−.34, P=.01, 95% CI −0.58 to 0.09). Differences between Facebook and Twitter users in their emotion word patterns and psychological characteristics were also explored. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that negative emotion word instability may be a simple yet sensitive measure of time-structured variability, useful when screening for depression through social media, though its usefulness may depend on the social media platform.

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Chinese American Immigrant Parents' Socialization of Emotions in Bilingual Bicultural Preschool Children

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.642417 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Shirley Huang ◽

Pui Fong Kan

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Negative Emotion ◽

Chinese American ◽

The Other ◽

Immigrant Parents ◽

Language Background ◽

Parent Questionnaire ◽

Emotion Words ◽

Chinese Parent ◽

American Immigrant

The purpose of this study was to examine Cantonese-speaking Chinese American immigrant parents' socialization of emotions in bilingual bicultural preschool children, using a combination of a parent questionnaire and parent language samples from emotion-elicited storytelling tasks. Sixteen Cantonese-speaking parents and their children participated in this study. Children were sequential bilinguals who were exposed to Cantonese (L1) at home since birth, and then learned English (L2) at school. The Chinese parent questionnaire examined parents' emotion talk in the home, as well as the child's dual language background and language distribution. Parents' language samples in Cantonese were collected from three parent-child storytelling tasks that each elicited a different type of negative emotion (sad, angry, scared). Results from the parent questionnaire and the parent language samples were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods. In the parent questionnaire, correlation analysis revealed that parents' use of guilt emotions was not associated with any of the other emotion words, suggesting that parents may not talk about guilt as frequently as the other emotions. Results from the parents' language samples showed no significant differences between parents' number of emotion words and emotion explanations across the storytelling tasks, suggesting that parents used negative emotion words similarly across all three books. Further qualitative analysis between the parent questionnaire and the language samples revealed patterns in the way parents use Chinese emotion words with their children. Findings illustrate how the combined use of a parent questionnaire and parent language samples offer complementary information to provide a more comprehensive understanding about Chinese American immigrant parents' socialization of emotions.

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How to tell a happy person: Accuracy of subjective well-being perception from texts

Motivation and Emotion ◽

10.1007/s11031-019-09815-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 597-607 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Olga Stavrova ◽

Lena Haarmann

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Impression Formation ◽

Negative Emotion ◽

Well Being ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Emotion Words ◽

Accurate Judgment ◽

Happy Person ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Writing Task

Abstract Although perceptions of subjective well-being (SWB) in unacquainted others have been shown to play a major role in impression formation, little is known about how accurate such perceptions are. In two original studies and one pre-registered replication, we explored the accuracy of life satisfaction and happiness judgments from texts and its underlying mechanisms (use of linguistic cues). Participants filled in life satisfaction and happiness measures and completed a brief writing task. Another sample of participants judged the targets’ life satisfaction and happiness from the obtained texts. All three studies demonstrated a small to moderate self-other agreement. A linguistic analysis showed that targets with higher (vs. lower) scores on SWB were less likely to use negation words in their texts, which allowed observers to make accurate judgment of their SWB level. Two studies pointed at negative emotion words as valid and positive emotion words as invalid (but often used) cues to happiness, yet these effects did not replicate in Study 3.

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The Uses of Stages of Change and Language within a Forestry Context

Journal of Forestry ◽

10.1093/jofore/fvab045 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Irene G Sarmiento ◽

Lyn M Van Swol ◽

Bret R Shaw ◽

Jennifer H Chung ◽

Alanna Koshollek

Keyword(s):

Behavior Change ◽

Stages Of Change ◽

Transtheoretical Model ◽

Negative Emotion ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Perceived Barriers ◽

Change Model ◽

Stages Of Change Model ◽

Emotion Words ◽

Professional Foresters

Abstract Advising landowners can be difficult for foresters. Landowners’ motivations towards behavior change should be considered prior to giving advice. The Stages of Change Model, also known as the Transtheoretical Model, assesses whether individuals are ready to perform new behaviors. This model was used to understand how landowner’s motivations towards behavior change affect future reforestation efforts, which could help foresters better advise landowners. Landowners from Wisconsin were recruited, reported current behaviors, and separated into either predecisional or postdecisional stages, based on self-reported stage of behavior. They received advice, reported future reforestation intentions, and provided comments. Using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression and language analyses, predecisional stage perceived more barriers towards reforestation efforts and used more negative emotion words, whereas postdecisional stage reported more past habits of reforestation efforts and used more positive emotion words. Foresters should provide advice that reduces barriers for the predecisional stage and build on positive aspects of reforestation for the postdecisional stage. Study Implications: Reforestation is crucial for land management and ecosystem maintenance. Private landowners are encouraged by professional foresters to plant more trees for reforestation. However, landowners vary in reforestation efforts, and foresters must understand individual differences when advising. Results show that it is important to separate landowners into groups, using the Stages of Change Model, to determine previous behaviors affecting future reforestation and understand how language-use provides insights into what stage they are in and perceived barriers. Foresters should provide advice that reduces barriers for those with less reforestation experience and build on positive aspects of reforestation for those with more experience. These recommendations can empower more effective outreach.

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