Yield and blossom-end rot of tomato as affected by salinity and cation activity ratios in the root zone

1996 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Willumsen ◽  
Karen K. Petersen ◽  
K. Kaack
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Activity Ratios ◽  
Blossom End Rot

scholarly journals Effects of Uneven Vertical Distribution of Soil Salinity on Blossom-end Rot of Tomato Fruit

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 958-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Chen ◽  
Zhenchang Wang ◽  
Zhanyu Zhang ◽  
Xiangping Guo ◽  
Mengyang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Selective Absorption ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Blossom End Rot ◽  
Salt Distribution ◽  
Stem Leaf

Soil salinity influences plant growth and crop yield significantly. Former studies indicated that uneven salt distribution in the root zone could relieve salt stress. But, how uneven salt distribution influences Na+ and Ca2+ concentration in the stem, leaf, and fruit and whether this influence would bring effects on fruit blossom-end rot (BER) still needs to be further studied. Under consideration of this, pot experiment with four treatments, T1:1, T1:5, T2:4, and T3:3, was conducted by setting the upper soil layer salinity at 1‰, 1‰, 2‰, and 3‰ and the lower soil layer at salinities of 1‰, 5‰, 4‰, and 3‰, respectively. Compared with the uniform salt concentration in the root zone (T3:3 treatment), the incidence of BER in the T1:5 and T2:4 treatments decreased by 60% and 35%, respectively. The fruit Na+ concentration and Na+/Ca2+ ratio were positively correlated with the incidence of BER. The value of the upper-root selective absorption Ca2+ over Na+ (SCa/Na(upper root)) for T1:5 was 0.8 times more than that of T1:1. The results showed that the incidence of BER was positively correlated with root dry matter and SCa/Na(root) weighted mean salinity. The overall results suggested that uneven salt distribution in the root zone could promote the Ca2+ absorption, Ca2+/Na+ ratio, and selective absorption Ca2+ over Na+ and consequently decrease the incidence of BER in tomato fruit.

scholarly journals EFFETS DE LA COMPOSITION DU SUBSTRAT TOURBEUX ET DU VOLUME DES SACS DE CULTURE SUR LA PRODUCTIVITÉ DE LA TOMATE DE SERRE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROCK OUIMET ◽  
JOSÉE CHARBONNEAU ◽  
ANDRÉ GOSSELIN ◽  
LÉON-ÉTIENNE PARENT ◽  
JACQUES BLAIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Substrate Composition ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Blossom End Rot ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes

A large-fruited greenhouse tomato cultivar (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Dombello’) was grown in 12-, 24- and 36-L bags containing three types of peat:perlite substrates (85:15, 70:30 and 55:45, vol:vol). The control consisted of 36-L bags containing peat only. Plant density was three plants per bag, i.e. 3.22 plants m−2. Early and total yields of marketable and nonmarketable fruits were measured. Early yields were higher for plants grown in 12- or 24-L bags as compared to those grown in 36-L bags, although blossom-end rot followed the same trend. Seasonal cumulative yields were not influenced significantly by bag size and substrate composition. Reduced perlite content and bag size increased the incidence of blossom-end rot. The incidence of blossom-end rot and average fruit weight indicate that reduction of root-zone volume and air porosity increased water stress. Greenhouse tomatoes can be grown successfully in smaller bag sizes containing peat substrate amended with more than 15% perlite.Key words: Tomato, peat-lite substrates, root-zone restriction, blossom-end rot, fruit weight, grow bag

scholarly journals Studies on the effects of growing substrates and physical factors in sweet pepper forcing in context with the generation of calcium deficiency symptoms

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lantos ◽  
Z. Pék ◽  
Z. Monostori ◽  
L. Helyes
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Blossom End Rot ◽  
Increasing Temperature

In the publications available for us, exact levels of physical factors and those of the growing technology determining Ca2+ deficiency are rarely detailed. Although the influencing role of the various environmental factors (humidity, light, temperature) is known, we had only little information about their exact values which could be presented for the growing practice. Sweet pepper varieties of the same type grown in various substrates responded to the environmental factors in different ways. Our results revealed that increasing temperature of the root zone had the most significant effect on the incidence of Ca2+ -deficient fruits. Their amount, however, gave different results depending on the growing substrate. In forced sweet pepper grown in soil the proportion of Ca2+ - deficient fruits were significantly lower compared to the plants grown on rockwool. Fruits derived from forcing on perlite, in container were damaged the least by the blossom end rot deficiency symptoms. Our experimental results and technological suggestions are based on measurement results of three years.

scholarly journals FIELD DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS FOR ESTIMATING NITROGEN NEEDS FOR FRESH-MARKET TOMATOES IN KENTUCKY

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 428a-428
Author(s):  
R. Terry Jones ◽  
David C. Ditsch
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Blossom End Rot ◽  
N Rates ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Final Harvest

In Kentucky, fresh-market tomato production is a 3-million-dollar crop involving 405 to 486 ha. During the 1980s, on-farm demonstrations showed yields and grower returns increased when intensive production practices were followed. Fertigation recommendations were based on a 1 N: 2 K ratio with a total of 225 kg N/ha. Symptoms of Mg deficiency and blossom-end rot sometimes were seen, and we were concerned about potentially high fertilizer concentrations in the plant root zone. Farm fertility trials (1992 to 1994) showed no yield response to applied N rates between 101 and 393 kg·ha–1. In 1993, a presidedress N test (PSNT) (NO3 + NH4-N) indicated 131 kg N/ha was available in the top 31 cm of soil. At the final tomato harvest, 343, 529, and 647 kg NO3 + NH4-N was measured in the top 46 cm of soil for the three N rates tested (191, 298, and 391 kg N/ha). In 1994, the PSNT showed 86 kg NO3 + NH4-N/ha was present in the top 31 cm of soil. At final harvest 58, 124, and 157 kg NO3 + NH4-N/ha was measured in the top 91 cm of soil for the 140, 225, and 309 kg N/ha applied. Tomato phenology vs. petiole NO3-N concentration showed that all three N levels gave similar values, with no clear distinction between petiole NO3-N and the N rates tested. Future tests need to include a zero applied N rate to determine if a predictable relationship exists between a PSNT or petiole NO3-N levels and a yield response to fertilizer N.

Ferrihydrite dissolution at the root zone of crops under semi-arid condition controls the plant uptake of uranium and arsenic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arindam Malakar ◽  
Michael Kaiser ◽  
Daniel D. Snow ◽  
Harkamal Walia ◽  
Chittaranjan Ray
Keyword(s):  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Arid Condition ◽  
Semi Arid

Evaluation of 99mTc-Label led Vitamin K4 as an Agent for Testicular Imaging

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Durak ◽  
M. Kitapgi ◽  
B. E. Caner ◽  
R. Senekowitsch ◽  
M. T. Ercan
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Activity Ratios ◽  
The Right ◽  
Radioactivity Levels

Vitamin K4 was labelled with 99mTc with an efficiency higher than 97%. The compound was stable up to 24 h at room temperature, and its biodistribution in NMRI mice indicated its in vivo stability. Blood radioactivity levels were high over a wide range. 10% of the injected activity remained in blood after 24 h. Excretion was mostly via kidneys. Only the liver and kidneys concentrated appreciable amounts of radioactivity. Testis/soft tissue ratios were 1.4 and 1.57 at 6 and 24 h, respectively. Testis/blood ratios were lower than 1. In vitro studies with mouse blood indicated that 33.9 ±9.6% of the radioactivity was associated with RBCs; it was washed out almost completely with saline. Protein binding was 28.7 ±6.3% as determined by TCA precipitation. Blood clearance of 99mTc-l<4 in normal subjects showed a slow decrease of radioactivity, reaching a plateau after 16 h at 20% of the injected activity. In scintigraphic images in men the testes could be well visualized. The right/left testis ratio was 1.08 ±0.13. Testis/soft tissue and testis/blood activity ratios were highest at 3 h. These ratios were higher than those obtained with pertechnetate at 20 min post injection.99mTc-l<4 appears to be a promising radiopharmaceutical for the scintigraphic visualization of testes.

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