The Sensory Basis of Target Location

1979 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Buck
Keyword(s):  
Target Location ◽  
Boundary Effect ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Tracking Task ◽  
Proprioceptive Information ◽  
Display Mode ◽  
Alignment Task ◽  
Control Devices

Overshoot rate in a target alignment task depends on the location of the target with reference to the operational boundary of the task. Subjects performed a step tracking task under four conditions combining pursuit and compensatory display modes with joystick and crank control devices. The boundary effect was found when the joystick was used but not the crank, while the display mode had no effect, indicating that subjects moved with respect to a frame of reference based on proprioceptive information. Movements were made according to the postures adopted, irrespective of the concomitant visual consequences.

scholarly journals Learned rather than online relative weighting of visual-proprioceptive sensory cues

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 1981-1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Mikula ◽  
Valérie Gaveau ◽  
Laure Pisella ◽  
Aarlenne Z. Khan ◽  
Gunnar Blohm
Keyword(s):  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Proprioceptive Information ◽  
Sensory Cues ◽  
Reaching Movement ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Neuronal Representation ◽  
Relative Weighting

When reaching to an object, information about the target location as well as the initial hand position is required to program the motor plan for the arm. The initial hand position can be determined by proprioceptive information as well as visual information, if available. Bayes-optimal integration posits that we utilize all information available, with greater weighting on the sense that is more reliable, thus generally weighting visual information more than the usually less reliable proprioceptive information. The criterion by which information is weighted has not been explicitly investigated; it has been assumed that the weights are based on task- and effector-dependent sensory reliability requiring an explicit neuronal representation of variability. However, the weights could also be determined implicitly through learned modality-specific integration weights and not on effector-dependent reliability. While the former hypothesis predicts different proprioceptive weights for left and right hands, e.g., due to different reliabilities of dominant vs. nondominant hand proprioception, we would expect the same integration weights if the latter hypothesis was true. We found that the proprioceptive weights for the left and right hands were extremely consistent regardless of differences in sensory variability for the two hands as measured in two separate complementary tasks. Thus we propose that proprioceptive weights during reaching are learned across both hands, with high interindividual range but independent of each hand’s specific proprioceptive variability. NEW & NOTEWORTHY How visual and proprioceptive information about the hand are integrated to plan a reaching movement is still debated. The goal of this study was to clarify how the weights assigned to vision and proprioception during multisensory integration are determined. We found evidence that the integration weights are modality specific rather than based on the sensory reliabilities of the effectors.

Visual Tracking of Active and Passive Movements of the Hand

1980 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Mather ◽  
James R. Lackner
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Visual Tracking ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Visual Target ◽  
Target Position ◽  
Proprioceptive Information ◽  
Position Information ◽  
Movement Frequency ◽  
Pursuit Movement ◽  
Passive Movements

Two experiments were performed to evaluate the influence of movement frequency and predictability on visual tracking of the actively and the passively moved hand. Four measures of tracking precision were employed: (a) saccades/cycle, (b) percent of pursuit movement, (c) eye amplitude/arm amplitude, (d) asynchrony of eye and hand at reversal. Active and passive limb movements were tracked with nearly identical accuracy and were always vastly superior to tracking an external visual target undergoing comparable motion. Proprioceptive information about target position appears to provide velocity and position information about target location. Its presence permits the development of central eye-movement programmes that move the eyes in patterns that approximate but do not exactly match, temporally or spatially, the motion of the hand.

Intact tactile detection yet biased tactile localization in a hand-centered frame of reference: A case study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqi Liu ◽  
Alexandria O'Neal ◽  
Robert D. Rafal ◽  
Jared Medina
Keyword(s):  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
The Body ◽  
Proprioceptive Information ◽  
Verbal Responses ◽  
Tactile Localization ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Tactile Detection ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Detection And Localization ◽  
Thalamocortical Pathway

We examined the performance of an individual with subcortical damage, but an intact somatosensory thalamocortical pathway, to examine the functional architecture of tactile detection and tactile localization processes. Consistent with the intact somatosensory thalamocortical pathway, tactile detection on the contralesional hand was well within the normal range. Despite intact detection, the individual demonstrated substantial localization biases. Across all experiments, he consistently localized tactile stimuli to the left side in space relative to the long axis of his hand. This was observed when the contralesional hand was palm up, palm down, rotated 90° relative to the long axis of the trunk, and when making verbal responses. Furthermore, control experiments demonstrated that this response pattern was unlikely a motor response error. Overall these findings provide strong evidence that tactile detection and localization are completely dissociable processes, and tactile localization on the body is influenced by proprioceptive information specifically in a hand-centered frame of reference. We discuss implications of these findings on models of tactile processing.

scholarly journals Errors in pointing are due to approximations in sensorimotor transformations

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 595-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Soechting ◽  
M. Flanders
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Extrapersonal Space ◽  
Sensorimotor Transformations ◽  
One Step ◽  
Intrinsic Frame

1. We define an extrinsic frame of reference to represent the location of a point in extrapersonal space relative to a human subject's shoulder, and we define an intrinsic frame of reference to represent the orientation of the arm and forearm. 2. We examined the relations between coordinates in the extrinsic and intrinsic frames of reference under two experimental conditions: when subjects made inaccurate movements by pointing to virtual targets in the dark and when they made accurate movements by pointing to actual targets in the light. 3. When subjects made inaccurate movements, there was a close-to-linear relationship between the orientation angles of the arm (intrinsic coordinates) at its final position and the extrinsic coordinates of the target. When they made accurate movements, these relationships were more nonlinear. 4. Specifically, arm and forearm elevations depended principally on target distance and elevation, whereas the two yaw angles depended mainly on the target's azimuth. 5. We propose that errors in pointing occur because subjects implement a linear approximation to the transformation from extrinsic to intrinsic coordinates and that this transformation is one step in the process of transforming a visually derived representation of target location into an appropriate pattern of muscle activity.

scholarly journals Eye-Centered, Head-Centered, and Complex Coding of Visual and Auditory Targets in the Intraparietal Sulcus

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 2331-2352 ◽  
Author(s):  
O'Dhaniel A. Mullette-Gillman ◽  
Yale E. Cohen ◽  
Jennifer M. Groh
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Visual Responses ◽  
Auditory Space ◽  
Common Reference

The integration of visual and auditory events is thought to require a joint representation of visual and auditory space in a common reference frame. We investigated the coding of visual and auditory space in the lateral and medial intraparietal areas (LIP, MIP) as a candidate for such a representation. We recorded the activity of 275 neurons in LIP and MIP of two monkeys while they performed saccades to a row of visual and auditory targets from three different eye positions. We found 45% of these neurons to be modulated by the locations of visual targets, 19% by auditory targets, and 9% by both visual and auditory targets. The reference frame for both visual and auditory receptive fields ranged along a continuum between eye- and head-centered reference frames with ∼10% of auditory and 33% of visual neurons having receptive fields that were more consistent with an eye- than a head-centered frame of reference and 23 and 18% having receptive fields that were more consistent with a head- than an eye-centered frame of reference, leaving a large fraction of both visual and auditory response patterns inconsistent with both head- and eye-centered reference frames. The results were similar to the reference frame we have previously found for auditory stimuli in the inferior colliculus and core auditory cortex. The correspondence between the visual and auditory receptive fields of individual neurons was weak. Nevertheless, the visual and auditory responses were sufficiently well correlated that a simple one-layer network constructed to calculate target location from the activity of the neurons in our sample performed successfully for auditory targets even though the weights were fit based only on the visual responses. We interpret these results as suggesting that although the representations of space in areas LIP and MIP are not easily described within the conventional conceptual framework of reference frames, they nevertheless process visual and auditory spatial information in a similar fashion.

Proprioceptive information about target location suppresses autokinesis

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1225-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Lackner ◽  
Joan J. Zabkar
Keyword(s):  
Target Location ◽  
Proprioceptive Information

Replication of Bacteriophage 186 DNA

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
Dhruba K. Chattoraj ◽  
Ross B. Inman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Dna Molecules ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Phage Dna ◽  
Partial Denaturation

Electron microscopy of replicating intermediates has been quite useful in understanding the mechanism of DNA replication in DNA molecules of bacteriophage, mitochondria and plasmids. The use of partial denaturation mapping has made the tool more powerful by providing a frame of reference by which the position of the replicating forks in bacteriophage DNA can be determined on the circular replicating molecules. This provided an easy means to find the origin and direction of replication in λ and P2 phage DNA molecules. DNA of temperate E. coli phage 186 was found to have an unique denaturation map and encouraged us to look into its mode of replication.

Die Spezifität von Begabungsüberzeugungen als Determinante des verbalen und mathematischen Begabungsselbstkonzepts

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Möller ◽  
Britta Pohlmann ◽  
Lilian Streblow ◽  
Julia Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Reference Model ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
External Frame

Zusammenfassung: Das I/E-Modell (“Internal/External Frame of Reference Model”) von Marsh (1986) postuliert, dass Schülerinnen und Schüler dimensionale Vergleiche der eigenen Leistungen in einem Fach mit den Leistungen in einem anderen Fach anstellen. Diese Vergleiche führen dazu, dass z. B. Schüler mit guten Leistungen in Mathematik ihre verbalen Fähigkeiten niedriger einschätzen. Gegenstand dieser Untersuchung mit N = 1114 Probanden ist die Frage, ob die Überzeugungen von Personen zum Zusammenhang von mathematischer und verbaler Begabung die Effekte dimensionaler Vergleiche moderieren. Analysen zeigten die Bedeutung der Begabungsüberzeugungen der Schülerinnen und Schüler: Negative Zusammenhänge zwischen den Fachleistungen in einem Fach und dem akademischen Selbstkonzept in einem anderen Fach ergaben sich insbesondere für Personen, die annehmen, dass Begabung domänenspezifisch ist, man also entweder mathematisch oder sprachlich begabt ist. Für Schüler mit eher wenig spezifischer Begabungsüberzeugung ergaben sich geringere Effekte dimensionaler Vergleiche.

Values and intergroup perceptions of East Germans and West Germans in 1998 1This research was supported by a grant from the German Research Society (We 1106/3-1).

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-272
Author(s):  
Jörg Doll ◽  
Michael Dick
Keyword(s):  
Research Society ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perceived Similarity ◽  
The West ◽  
Need For Uniqueness ◽  
German Research ◽  
East German ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
East West

The studies reported here focus on similarities and dissimilarities between the terminal value hierarchies ( Rokeach, 1973 ) ascribed to different groups ( Schwartz & Struch, 1990 ). In Study 1, n = 65 East Germans and n = 110 West Germans mutually assess the respective ingroup and outgroup. In this intra-German comparison the West Germans, with a mean intraindividual correlation of rho = 0.609, perceive a significantly greater East-West similarity between the group-related value hierarchies than the East Germans, with a mean rho = 0.400. Study 2 gives East German subjects either a Swiss (n = 58) or Polish (n = 59) frame of reference in the comparison between the categories German and East German. Whereas the Swiss frame of reference should arouse a need for uniqueness, the Polish frame of reference should arouse a need for similarity. In accordance with expectations, the Swiss frame of reference significantly reduces the correlative similarity between German and East German from a mean rho = 0.703 in a control group (n = 59) to a mean rho = 0.518 in the experimental group. Contrary to expectations, the Polish frame of reference does not lead to an increase in perceived similarity (mean rho = 0.712).

Wie generell ist das Modell?

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne R. Schilling ◽  
Jörn R. Sparfeldt ◽  
Detlef H. Rost
Keyword(s):  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
External Frame

Zusammenfassung: Im Rahmen der Genese schulischer Selbstkonzepte postuliert das “Internal/External Frame of Reference”-Modell (I/E-M, Marsh, 1986 ) zwei (gegenläufige) Vergleichsprozesse: Neben sozialen Vergleichen spielen auch dimensionale Vergleiche (Leistungen in verschiedenen Fächern werden einander gegenübergestellt) eine Rolle. Diese sollen zu Kontrasteffekten führen, d. h. zu negativen Pfaden der Leistung in einem Fach (z. B. Mathematik) auf das Selbstkonzept in einem anderen Fach (z. B. Deutsch). Empirische Untersuchungen konzentrierten sich bislang hauptsächlich auf Mathematik und (Mutter-)Sprache. An N = 1632 Gymnasiasten haben wir das I/E-M strukturgleichungsbasiert für zwei sprachliche (Deutsch, Englisch), zwei naturwissenschaftliche (Physik, Mathematik) und zwei nicht eindeutig einer Domäne zugehörige Fächer (Geschichte, Biologie) überprüft. Neben Kontrasteffekten traten auch Assimilationseffekte (positive Pfade der Leistung in einem Fach auf das Selbstkonzept in einem anderen Fach) auf. Zukünftig müsste präzisiert werden, welche Faktoren das Ergebnis dimensionaler Vergleiche (Assimilation oder Kontrast) moderieren.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document