The current state of patient access to new drugs in South Korea under the positive list system: evaluation of the changes since the new review pathways

AbstractThe study describes the current state of knowledge on nanotechnology and its utilization in medicine. The focus in this manuscript was on the properties, usage safety, and potentially valuable applications of chitosan-based nanomaterials. Chitosan nanoparticles have high importance in nanomedicine, biomedical engineering, discovery and development of new drugs. The manuscript reviewed the new studies regarding the use of chitosan-based nanoparticles for creating new release systems with improved bioavailability, increased specificity and sensitivity, and reduced pharmacological toxicity of drugs. Nowadays, effective cancer treatment is a global problem, and recent advances in nanomedicine are of great importance. Special attention was put on the application of chitosan nanoparticles in developing new system for anticancer drug delivery. Pre-clinical and clinical studies support the use of chitosan-based nanoparticles in nanomedicine. This manuscript overviews the last progresses regarding the utilization, stability, and bioavailability of drug nanoencapsulation with chitosan and their safety.

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Evaluation on the first 2 years of the positive list system in South Korea

Health Policy ◽

10.1016/j.healthpol.2011.09.006 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 104 (1) ◽

pp. 32-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Sung Eun Park ◽

Sang Hee Lim ◽

Hyun Woong Choi ◽

Seung Min Lee ◽

Dong Won Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Korea ◽

Positive List

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Detection of Viruses: insides of antibody-antigen interactions and Multifunctional Lab-On-particle for SARS CoV-2 detection

Coronaviruses ◽

10.2174/2666796702666210329142505 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 02 ◽

Author(s):

Martin Amé ◽

Esraa Samy Abu Serea ◽

Ahmed Esmail Shalan ◽

A. Guillermo Bracamonte

Keyword(s):

Fast Response ◽

Clinical Analysis ◽

New Drugs ◽

Detection Systems ◽

Current State ◽

History Of ◽

Non Covalent Interactions ◽

Genomic Factor ◽

New Treatments ◽

Covalent Interactions

: The design of new Drugs, Molecules, Nano-, and Microstructures for targeted applications along the pass of the time within the history of Chemistry and Clinical Analysis showed to be of high impact on Life Sciences. In this context, and mainly for the actual Corona Virus Pandemic status, it should be highlighted the importance of a fast response. Thus, the developments of differents approaches looking for improved and higher sensitive solutions in the Biodetection field accompanied with new treatments of SARS CoV-2 are required. In this way, in this short communication based on the latest Research publications it was afforded and discussed the following topics: i) the importance of non-covalent interactions from antibody-antigen recognition events, ii) the genomic factor, and iii) the use of non-covalent interactions in different Optical detection systems and Lab-On particles. Moreover, it was afforded the theme related with the importance of new treatments in progress, such development of new vaccines; and current state of the pandemic situation. So, it was discussed and stimulated the improvement of innovative Multifunctional Nanophotonic approaches intended for SARS CoV-2 detection accompanied with potential targeted treatments.

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Globalisation processes and tourism industry development in North-East Asia (Korea, China, Japan)

Linguistics and Culture Review ◽

10.21744/lingcure.v5ns4.1737 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (S4) ◽

pp. 927-941

Author(s):

Den Sik Kan ◽

Volodymyr M. Vasylchuk ◽

Leonid V. Chuprii ◽

Igor B. Datskiv ◽

Kateryna P. Kravets

Keyword(s):

South Korea ◽

East Asia ◽

Cultural Tourism ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Services Sector ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

Current State ◽

Tourism Services

The paper covers relevant issues, such as the current state of the tourism services sector in China, Japan, and South Korea. The significance is confirmed by the growing role of the North-East Asian countries in the world trade in services and the growing contribution of tourism to the global gross domestic product. The purpose of this study is to identify the features, problems, and prospects for the development of the tourism services sector in China, Japan, and South Korea. The paper uses methods of systematisation and typification, which made it possible to determine the specifics of the development of cultural tourism in the Far Eastern region among the current range of opinions and areas of cultural tourism research. The study uses the principles of historicism and objectivity, which allowed analysing the development and current state of tourist exchange. A cultural approach was also used to reconstruct the cultural and humanitarian population of North-East Asia through the mutual enrichment of nations and people. The systematic approach made it possible to understand the importance of humanitarian exchange between people and identified the universality of tourism.

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Interfering with Host Proteases in SARS-CoV-2 Entry as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867328666210526111318 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

Author(s):

Patrick Müller ◽

Hannah Maus ◽

Stefan Josef Hammerschmidt ◽

Philip Knaff ◽

Volker Mailänder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cathepsin L ◽

Cell Entry ◽

New Drugs ◽

Host Cells ◽

S Protein ◽

Cell Receptors ◽

Current State ◽

Causative Drug ◽

Transmembrane Serine Protease ◽

Global Threat

: Due to its fast international spread and substantial mortality, the coronavirus disease COVID-19 evolved to a global threat. Since currently, there is no causative drug against this viral infection available, science is striving for new drugs and approaches to treat the new disease. Studies have shown that the cell entry of coronaviruses into host cells takes place through the binding of the viral spike (S) protein to cell receptors. Priming of the S protein occurs via hydrolysis by different host proteases. The inhibition of these proteases could impair the processing of the S protein, thereby affecting the interaction with the host-cell receptors and preventing virus cell entry. Hence, inhibition of these proteases could be a promising strategy for treatment against SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we discuss the current state of the art of developing inhibitors against the entry proteases furin, the transmembrane serine protease type-II (TMPRSS2), trypsin, and cathepsin L.

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Foreign Direct Investment by Korean Firms: Profile, Theory, and Implementation

10.51240/jibe.2002.1.3 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 47-68

Author(s):

Sang Hoon Nam ◽

Tim Craig

Keyword(s):

Foreign Direct Investment ◽

South Korea ◽

Market Share ◽

Direct Investment ◽

Large Firms ◽

Implementation Challenges ◽

Cheap Labor ◽

Current State ◽

Develop Technology

This research investigates the current state of foreign direct investment by firms from South Korea. Korean FDI is found to be increasingly diverse in location and purpose; small and medium sized firms are investing primarily in Asia in search of cheap labor, while large firms are investing in major markets worldwide to secure market share and to acquire and develop technology. The applicability of Dunning’s eclectic theory to Korean FDI is discussed, and theoretical refinements concerning ownership advantages are suggested. Implementation challenges involve HRM, and vary according to whether the labor an investment requires is commodity-like or skilled.

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Impact Investing Market in South Korea: Current State and Imperatives

Asia Pacific Journal of Samall Business ◽

10.36491/apjsb.40.1.5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 85-112

Author(s):

June-Young Rha

Keyword(s):

South Korea ◽

Impact Investing ◽

Current State

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Improving Patient Access to New Drugs in South Korea: Evaluation of the National Drug Formulary System

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16020288 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 288 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Seung-Lai Yoo ◽

Dae-Jung Kim ◽

Seung-Mi Lee ◽

Won-Gu Kang ◽

Sang-Yoon Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

National Health Insurance ◽

National Health ◽

New Drugs ◽

Patient Access ◽

National Health Insurance System ◽

Formulary System ◽

South Korean ◽

National Drug ◽

Improve Patient

This study reviews and evaluates the national drug formulary system used to improve patient access to new drugs by making reimbursement decisions for new drugs as part of the South Korean national health insurance system. The national health insurance utilizes three methods for improving patient access to costly drugs: risk-sharing agreements, designation of essential drugs, and a waiver of cost-effectiveness analysis. Patients want reimbursement for new drugs to be processed quickly to improve their access to these drugs, whereas payers are careful about listing them given the associated financial burden and the uncertainty in cost-effectiveness. However, pharmaceutical companies are advocating for drug prices above certain thresholds to maintain global pricing strategies, cover the costs of drug development, and fund future investments into research and development. The South Korean government is expected to develop policies that will improve patient access to drugs with unmet needs for broadening health insurance coverage. Simultaneously, the designing of post-listing management methods is warranted for effectively managing the financial resources of the national health insurance system.

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Gene expression signature: a powerful approach for drug discovery in diabetes

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/joe-16-0515 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 232 (2) ◽

pp. R131-R139 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Smithamol Sithara ◽

Tamsyn M Crowley ◽

Ken Walder ◽

Kathryn Aston-Mourney

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Complex Disease ◽

Gene Expression Signature ◽

New Drugs ◽

Disease Symptoms ◽

Current State ◽

Powerful Approach ◽

Underlying Causes ◽

Underlying Pathophysiology

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing in prevalence at an alarming rate around the world. Much effort has gone into the discovery and design of antidiabetic drugs; however, those already available are unable to combat the underlying causes of the disease and instead only moderate the symptoms. The reason for this is that T2D is a complex disease, and attempts to target one biological pathway are insufficient to combat the full extent of the disease. Additionally, the underlying pathophysiology of this disease is yet to be fully elucidated making it difficult to design drugs that target the mechanisms involved. Therefore, the approach of designing new drugs aimed at a specific molecular target is not optimal and a more expansive, unbiased approach is required. In this review, we will look at the current state of diabetes treatments and how these target the disease symptoms but are unable to combat the underlying causes. We will also review how the technique of gene expression signatures (GESs) has been used successfully for other complex diseases and how this may be applied as a powerful tool for the discovery of new drugs for T2D.

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