The association between maternal complications and small for gestational age in twin pregnancies using singleton and twin birth weight references

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shuping Lyu ◽  
Li Gao ◽  
Jinling Sun ◽  
Xinrong Zhao ◽  
Yi Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Twin Birth ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

scholarly journals Perinatal Outcomes of Small for Gestational Age in Twin Pregnancies: Twin vs. Singleton Charts

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Veronica Giorgione ◽  
Corey Briffa ◽  
Carolina Di Fabrizio ◽  
Rohan Bhate ◽  
Asma Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Perinatal Death ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

Twin pregnancies are commonly assessed using singleton growth and birth weight reference charts. This practice has led to a significant number of twins labelled as small for gestational age (SGA), causing unnecessary interventions and increased risk of iatrogenic preterm birth. However, the use of twin-specific charts remains controversial. This study aims to assess whether twin-specific estimated fetal weight (EFW) and birth weight (BW) charts are more predictive of adverse outcomes compared to singleton charts. Centiles of EFW and BW were calculated using previously published singleton and twin charts. Categorical data were compared using Chi-square or McNemar tests. The study included 1740 twin pregnancies, with the following perinatal adverse outcomes recorded: perinatal death, preterm birth <34 weeks, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and admissions to the neonatal unit (NNU). Twin-specific charts identified prenatally and postnatally a smaller proportion of infants as SGA compared to singleton charts. However, twin charts showed a higher percentage of adverse neonatal outcomes in SGA infants than singleton charts. For example, perinatal death (SGA 7.2% vs. appropriate for gestational age (AGA) 2%, p < 0.0001), preterm birth <34 weeks (SGA 42.1% vs. AGA 16.4%, p < 0.0001), HDP (SGA 21.2% vs. AGA 13.5%, p = 0.015) and NNU admissions (SGA 69% vs. AGA 24%, p < 0.0001), when compared to singleton charts (perinatal death: SGA 2% vs. AGA 1%, p = 0.029), preterm birth <34 weeks: (SGA 20.6% vs. AGA 17.4%, p = 0.020), NNU admission: (SGA 34.5% vs. AGA 23.9%, p < 0.000). There was no significant association between HDP and SGA using the singleton charts (p = 0.696). In SGA infants, according to the twin charts, the incidence of abnormal umbilical artery Doppler was significantly more common than in SGA using the singleton chart (27.0% vs. 8.1%, p < 0.001). In conclusion, singleton charts misclassify a large number of twins as at risk of fetal growth restriction. The evidence suggests that the following twin-specific charts could reduce unnecessary medical interventions prenatally and postnatally.

scholarly journals Diet Quality Is Associated with a High Newborn Size and Reduction in the Risk of Low Birth Weight and Small for Gestational Age in a Group of Mexican Pregnant Women: An Observational Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1853
Author(s):  
María A. Reyes-López. ◽  
Carla P. González-Leyva ◽  
Ameyalli M. Rodríguez-Cano ◽  
Carolina Rodríguez-Hernández ◽  
Eloisa Colin-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Mexican Women ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Newborn Size

A high-quality diet during pregnancy may have positive effects on fetal growth and nutritional status at birth, and it may modify the risk of developing chronic diseases later in life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between diet quality and newborn nutritional status in a group of pregnant Mexican women. As part of the ongoing Mexican prospective cohort study, OBESO, we studied 226 healthy pregnant women. We adapted the Alternated Healthy Eating Index-2010 for pregnancy (AHEI-10P). The association between maternal diet and newborn nutritional status was investigated by multiple linear regression and logistic regression models. We applied three 24-h recalls during the second half of gestation. As the AHEI-10P score improved by 5 units, the birth weight and length increased (β = 74.8 ± 35.0 g and β = 0.3 ± 0.4 cm, respectively, p < 0.05). Similarly, the risk of low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA) decreased (OR: 0.47, 95%CI: 0.27–0.82 and OR: 0.55, 95%CI: 0.36–0.85, respectively). In women without preeclampsia and/or GDM, the risk of stunting decreased as the diet quality score increased (+5 units) (OR: 0.62, 95%IC: 0.40–0.96). A high-quality diet during pregnancy was associated with a higher newborn size and a reduced risk of LBW and SGA in this group of pregnant Mexican women.

563: Estimated placental volume (EPV): a novel predictor of small for gestational age birth weight (SGA)

2016 ◽  
Vol 214 (1) ◽  
pp. S303
Author(s):  
Katherine H. Campbell ◽  
France Galerneau ◽  
Harvey Kliman ◽  
Radek K. Bukowski
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Placental Volume

Premature birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age and chronic non-communicable diseases in adult life: A systematic review with meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 105154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Luiza Santos Soares de Mendonça ◽  
Mateus de Lima Macêna ◽  
Nassib Bezerra Bueno ◽  
Alane Cabral Menezes de Oliveira ◽  
Carolina Santos Mello
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

scholarly journals Maternal exposure to airborne polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and risk of adverse birth outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ane Bungum Kofoed ◽  
Laura Deen ◽  
Karin Sørig Hougaard ◽  
Kajsa Ugelvig Petersen ◽  
Harald William Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Exposure ◽  
Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽  
Secondary Sex Ratio

AbstractHuman health effects of airborne lower-chlorinated polychlorinated biphenyls (LC-PCBs) are largely unexplored. Since PCBs may cross the placenta, maternal exposure could potentially have negative consequences for fetal development. We aimed to determine if exposure to airborne PCB during pregnancy was associated with adverse birth outcomes. In this cohort study, exposed women had lived in PCB contaminated apartments at least one year during the 3.6 years before conception or the entire first trimester of pregnancy. The women and their children were followed for birth outcomes in Danish health registers. Logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios (OR) for changes in secondary sex ratio, preterm birth, major congenital malformations, cryptorchidism, and being born small for gestational age. We performed linear regression to estimate difference in birth weight among children of exposed and unexposed mothers. All models were adjusted for maternal age, educational level, ethnicity, and calendar time. We identified 885 exposed pregnancies and 3327 unexposed pregnancies. Relative to unexposed women, exposed women had OR 0.97 (95% CI 0.82, 1.15) for secondary sex ratio, OR 1.13 (95% CI 0.76, 1.67) for preterm birth, OR 1.28 (95% CI 0.81, 2.01) for having a child with major malformations, OR 1.73 (95% CI 1.01, 2.95) for cryptorchidism and OR 1.23 (95% CI 0.88, 1.72) for giving birth to a child born small for gestational age. The difference in birth weight for children of exposed compared to unexposed women was − 32 g (95% CI—79, 14). We observed an increased risk of cryptorchidism among boys after maternal airborne LC-PCB exposure, but due to the proxy measure of exposure, inability to perform dose–response analyses, and the lack of comparable literature, larger cohort studies with direct measures of exposure are needed to investigate the safety of airborne LC-PCB exposure during pregnancy

Neuropsychological Deficits in Young Adults Born Small-for-Gestational Age (SGA) at Term

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Furre Østgård ◽  
Jon Skranes ◽  
Marit Martinussen ◽  
Geir W Jacobsen ◽  
Ann-Mari Brubakk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Design Fluency

AbstractReduced IQ, learning difficulties and poor school performance have been reported in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) subjects. However, few studies include a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Our aim was to study neuropsychological functioning in young adults born SGA at term. A comprehensive neuropsychological test battery was administered to 58 SGA subjects (birth weight <10th centile) born at term, and 81 term non-SGA controls (birth weight ≥10th centile). The SGA group obtained significantly (p< .01) lower scores on the attention, executive and memory domains compared to non-SGA controls and showed higher risk of obtaining scores below −1.5SDon the memory domain (odds ratio = 13.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.57, 112.47). At a subtest level, the SGA group obtained lower scores on most neuropsychological tests, with significant differences on 6 of 46 measures: the Trail Making Test 3 (letter sequencing), the Wechsler Memory Scale mental control and the auditory immediate memory scale, the Design Fluency, the Stroop 3 (inhibition) and the Visual Motor Integration (VMI) motor coordination subtest. Young adults born SGA score more poorly on neuropsychological tests compared with non-SGA controls. Differences were modest, with more significant differences in the memory domain. (JINS, 2014,20, 1–11)

Comparison of Phototherapy Results in Small-for-Gestational-Age and Appropriate-for-Gestational-Age Infants Weighing Less Than 2,000 Grams

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-441
Author(s):  
Joan E. Hodgman ◽  
Paul Y. K. Wu ◽  
Nathaniel B. White ◽  
Dolores A. Bryla
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Similar Weight ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth ◽  
Evaluation Techniques

The infant who is small for gestational age (SGA) is more mature at birth than similar weight infants who are appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Whether the SGA infant behaves as does the larger gestationally equivalent infant, or whether there are specific changes related to intrauterine growth retardation is a matter of some interest in the understanding of the special needs of these infants. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) phototherapy study provided a large newborn population for whom birth weight, gestational age at birth, and, thereby, intrauterine growth were carefully assessed. Infants who weighed 2,000 g or more at birth were included in the study only when they became jaundiced, whereas infants who weighed less than 2,000 g at birth were routinely entered into the study. Consequently, this report will be limited to the lowbirth-weight population selected by birth weight. Too few SGA babies were present in the groups with greater birth weight to allow meaningful comparisons. PATIENT SELECTIQN All infants whose birth weight was less than 2,000 g were entered into the study at 24 ± 12 hours. Those excluded from the study were: (1) infants who died before 24 hours, (2) infants with serious congenital defects, and (3) infants whose mothers refused consent for study. The study population consisted of 922 infants surviving at 24 hours. Gestational age was calculated from the first day of the last menstrual period obtained from maternal history and also by the evaluation techniques of Dubowitz.25 Intrauterine growth was determined by plotting birth weight and gestational age on the Denver Intrauterine Growth Curves8; infants below the 10th percentile were considered SGA.

Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-130
Author(s):  
Evelyn Lipper ◽  
Kwang-sun Lee ◽  
Lawrence M. Gartner ◽  
Bruce Grellong
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Letters To The Editor

All of the infants entered into the study were low-birth-weight infants (&lt;2,500 gm). The majority of infants had a gestational age less than 37 completed weeks, and, of these, some were also small for gestational age. Sixteen infants had a gestational age of ≥37 weeks but were included in the study because their birth weight was below the tenth percentile for their gestational age. We agree with Drs Knobloch and Malone's comment about the interrelationship of all three figures: as gastation advances, birth weight and head circumference increase.

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