Executive Function in Preschool Children: Test–Retest Reliability

Background. The Preschool Activity Card Sort (PACS) is an interview-based assessment tool to measure participation of preschool children with age range from 3 to 6 years. Objective of Study. The purpose of this study was to establish the psychometric properties of the recently translated Arabic PACS (A-PACS). Methods. One hundred fifty-one Jordanian parents participated in the study representing different geographical areas. Children were almost equally distributed between males and females and into three age groups. Construct and concurrent validity were examined as well as the internal consistency of the scale and the test-retest reliability. Findings. The A-PACS was able to differentiate between the participation level of young and old children in the domains of education, community mobility, and low demand leisure of the A-PACS giving evidence to its construct validity and it significantly correlated with some aspects of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS) giving evidence to its concurrent validity. The A-PACS showed excellent overall internal consistency (α=.859) for all domains and good test-retest reliability (r=.976, p<.001). Conclusion. The A-PACS can be considered as a valid and reliable tool to measure participation of preschool children with normal development from Arabic cultures. Future studies should focus on the validity of the A-PACS for use with children with disabilities.

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P1-429: Test-Retest Reliability of the MMSE, ADAS-Cog, and executive function tests in a phase II mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease study

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1016/j.jalz.2011.05.711 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. S249-S249 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lisle Kingery ◽

Ed Bartolic ◽

Stephen Meyer ◽

Magdalena Perez ◽

Kristi Bertzos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Executive Function ◽

Phase Ii ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Function Tests ◽

Disease Study ◽

Test Retest Reliability

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Reliability of the Social Skills Rating System for Preschool Children in Iran

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.95.3f.1264-1266 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 95 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1264-1266 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sima Shahim

Keyword(s):

Social Skills ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Rating System ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Social Skills Rating System ◽

The Social ◽

Test Retest Reliability

The purpose was to investigate stability and internal consistency of the Social Skills Rating System in a group of 304 (161 boys and 143 girls) ages 3 to 6.5 yr. ( M = 4.7, SD = 1.0) preschool children in Iran. Test-retest reliability and Cronbach coefficients alpha were high; moderate to high intercorrelations were obtained between subdomains while low interrater correlations were obtained.

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The Executive Interview (EXIT25) as a tool for assessing executive functioning in older medical and surgical inpatients referred to a psychiatry service: feasibility of creating a brief version

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s104161021400026x ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 935-941 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fedza Mujic ◽

Eyal Lebovich ◽

Maite Von Heising ◽

Damian Clifford ◽

Martin J. Prince

Keyword(s):

Executive Function ◽

Older People ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Future Research ◽

Liaison Psychiatry ◽

En Bloc ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Scaling Properties ◽

Test Retest Reliability

ABSTRACTBackground:Most neuropsychological tests of executive function are time-consuming and otherwise unsuitable for routine bedside assessment, particularly in older people admitted to a general hospital. After introducing the Executive Interview (EXIT25) in our routine clinical practice, we hypothesized that it would be possible to shorten it for easier administration in our group of patients while maintaining or improving properties of the scale.Methods:The EXIT25 was applied in 122 clinically stable medical and surgical inpatients aged 65 years and over referred to the Liaison Psychiatry Service for Older People. Individual items were initially tested for floor and ceiling effects, inter-rater and test-retest reliability, and item-total correlations. Items were then selected for retention in the brief scale on the basis of adequate item-total correlation and inter-rater and test-retest reliability. The construct validity of the original and brief versions of the EXIT25 scale was assessed.Results:The original EXIT25 scale was found to lack desirable scaling properties either as a classical or hierarchical scale. The study confirmed a possibility to reduce the number of items to nine out of the original 25 while improving internal consistency, test-retest and inter-rater reliability, and maintaining high correlation with the original EXIT25 score, and moderate inverse correlation with the Mini-Mental State Examination score.Conclusions:There is potential to abbreviate the original EXIT25, and improve internal consistency and hierarchical scaling properties. Future research is necessary to focus on piloting these brief measures of executive function in relevant clinical settings, when administered en bloc, rather than with items interspersed in the original longer version.

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Test–Retest Reliability and Measurement Invariance of Executive Function Tasks in Young Children With and Without ADHD

Journal of Attention Disorders ◽

10.1177/1087054715627488 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (13) ◽

pp. 1891-1904 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sarah L. Karalunas ◽

Karen L. Bierman ◽

Cynthia L. Huang-Pollock

Keyword(s):

Executive Function ◽

Young Children ◽

Measurement Invariance ◽

Latent Variable ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Mimic Models ◽

Multiple Indicators ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Two Factors ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Objective: Measurement reliability is assumed when executive function (EF) tasks are used to compare groups or to examine relationships between cognition and etiologic and maintaining factors of psychiatric disorders. However, the test–retest reliabilities of many commonly used EF tasks have rarely been examined in young children. Furthermore, measurement invariance between typically developing and psychiatric populations has not been examined. Method: Test–retest reliability of a battery of commonly used EF tasks was assessed in a group of children between the ages of 5 and 6 years old with ( n = 63) and without ( n = 44) ADHD. Results: Few individual tasks achieved adequate reliability. However, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models identified two factors, working memory and inhibition, with test–retest correlations approaching 1.0. Multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) models confirmed configural measurement invariance between the groups. Conclusion: Problems created by poor reliability, including reduced power to detect group differences, index change over time, or to identify relationships with other measures, may be mitigated using latent variable approaches.

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Multimodal immersive trail making – virtual reality paradigm to study cognitive-motor interactions

10.1101/2020.05.27.118760 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Meir Plotnik ◽

Oran Ben-Gal ◽

Glen M. Doniger ◽

Amihai Gottlieb ◽

Yotam Bahat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Executive Function ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Pencil And Paper ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Completion Times

ABSTRACTBackgroundNeuropsychological tests of executive function have limited real-world predictive and functional relevance. An emerging solution for this limitation is to adapt the tests for implementation in virtual reality (VR). We thus developed two VR-based versions of the classic Color-Trails Test (CTT), a well-validated pencil-and-paper executive function test assessing sustained (Trails A) and divided (Trails B) attention - one for a large-scale VR system (DOME-CTT) and the other for a portable head-mount display VR system (HMD-CTT). We then evaluated construct validity, test-retest reliability, and age-related discriminant validity of the VR-based versions and explored effects on motor function.MethodsHealthy adults (n=147) in three age groups (young: n=50; middle-aged: n=80; older: n=17) participated. All participants were administered the original CTT, some completing the DOME-CTT (14 young, 29 middle-aged) and the rest completing the HMD-CTT. Primary outcomes were Trails A and B completion times (tA, tB). Spatiotemporal characteristics of upper-limb reaching movements during VR test performance were reconstructed from motion capture data. Statistics included correlations and repeated measures analysis of variance.ResultsConstruct validity was substantiated by moderate correlations between the ‘gold standard’ pencil-and-paper CTT and the VR adaptations (DOME-CTT: tA 0.58, tB 0.71; HMD-CTT: tA 0.62, tB 0.69). VR versions showed relatively high test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation; VR: tA 0.60-0.75, tB 0.59-0.89; original: tA 0.75-0.85, tB 0.77-0.80) and discriminant validity (area under the curve; VR: tA 0.70-0.92, tB 0.71-0.92; original: tA 0.73-0.95, tB 0.77-0.95). VR completion times were longer than for the original pencil-and-paper test; completion times were longer with advanced age. Compared with Trails A, Trails B target-to-target VR hand trajectories were characterized by delayed, more erratic acceleration and deceleration, consistent with the greater executive function demands of divided vs. sustained attention; acceleration onset later for older participants.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates the feasibility and validity of converting a neuropsychological test from two-dimensional pencil-and-paper to three-dimensional VR-based format while preserving core neuropsychological task features. Findings on the spatiotemporal morphology of motor planning/execution during the cognitive tasks may lead to multimodal analysis methods that enrich the ecological validity of VR-based neuropsychological testing, representing a novel paradigm for studying cognitive-motor interactions.

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