scholarly journals Practical Problems Related to Health Research Funding Decisions

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 21-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Resnik
Keyword(s):  
Health Research ◽  
Research Funding

scholarly journals Current Priorities in Health Research Funding and Lack of Impact on the Number of Child Deaths per Year

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jef L. Leroy ◽  
Jean-Pierre Habicht ◽  
Gretel Pelto ◽  
Stefano M. Bertozzi
Keyword(s):  
Health Research ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Child Deaths

scholarly journals Interleukin-9 Promotes Chemoresistance in B-ALL Which Correlates with Decreased Bim and c-Raf Protein Expression

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2386-2386
Author(s):  
Jamie A.G. Hamilton ◽  
Miyoung Lee ◽  
Claire E. Pillsbury ◽  
Curtis J Henry
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Survival Outcomes ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Chemotherapy Treatment ◽  
Interleukin 9

Abstract Background: According to the National Cancer Institute, B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most common cancer of children and adolescents (ALL, NCI, PDQ, accessed 8/2/2021). Recently, obesity has been identified as a risk factor which is associated with poor survival outcomes (Butturini et al., 2007; Eissa et al., 2017; Ethier et al., 2012) which is concerning due to the obesity rates in children and adolescents having tripled since the 1970's (Ogden et al., 2006; Ogden et al., 2020). Indeed, survival rates in obese pediatric patients with B-ALL can decline by as much as 30% relative to outcomes observed in lean patients, with obese patients more commonly presenting with treatment-related adverse events (Butturini et al., 2007; Eissa et al., 2017; Ethier et al., 2012). A hallmark of obesity is the accumulation of adipocytes, an endocrine cell type which can promote chemoresistance (Ehsanipour et al., 2013; Sheng et al., 2016; Mittelman., 2021). The mechanistic understanding of how adipocytes promote chemoresistance in B-ALL is still under investigation and further insight into this relationship could lead to the rational design of effective therapeutic strategies for obese patients with limited treatment options. Methods: A cytokine/chemokine array was performed on adipocyte and stromal cell secretomes to identify potential adipocyte-secreted inflammatory mediators, which may promote chemoresistance in human B-ALL cells. Once candidate cytokines were identified, we performed in vitro assays to measure how the addition or neutralization of proteins of interest impacted the proliferation, activation of signaling pathways, steady-state mitochondrial protein levels, and survival of human B-ALL cells in the absence or presence of chemotherapy treatment. Additionally, we mined publicly available databases to determine how protein-coding genes of interest were associated with patient survival. Furthermore, we have used the diet-induced murine model of obesity to determine how targeting candidate cytokines impact B-ALL pathogenesis. Results: We have made the novel finding that interleukin-9 (IL-9) levels are higher in adipose-rich microenvironments and activates pro-survival pathways that promote chemoresistance in human B-ALL cells. We have found that obese mice lacking IL-9 are more resistant to B-ALL development due to significant increases in survival outcomes compared to lean mice transplanted with B-ALL cells. Furthermore, we have discovered that human B-ALL cells upregulate the interleukin-9 receptors (IL-9R) when exposed to the adipocyte secretome. This potential feedback loop may increase the responsiveness of leukemia cells to local IL-9 levels. These observations were supported by our data mining results, which revealed that IL-9R gene expression levels were higher in more aggressive subtypes of B-ALL, including Ph-like B-ALL. When human B-ALL cells were treated with recombinant IL-9 (rIL-9), chemoresistance to methotrexate and doxorubicin was observed. Mechanistically, rIL-9 treatment of human B-ALL cells also downregulated the protein expression of the pro-apoptotic mitochondrial-associated protein Bim and pro-proliferative protein Raf. In all, our experiments have identified IL-9 as an adipocyte-enriched cytokine, which promotes pan-chemoresistance in human B-ALL cells. Furthermore, we have shown that this effect maybe mediated in part by suppressing the protein of expression of pro-apoptotic and proliferative proteins. Conclusions: To our knowledge, our results represent the first reports of IL-9 mediated chemoresistance in human B-ALL and the first to demonstrate that IL-9 regulates the protein homeostasis of anti- and pro-apoptotic mitochondrial proteins. In ongoing studies, we are conducting in vitro and murine studies with parental and IL-9R-deficient B-ALL cells to determine how B-ALL pathogenesis and chemosensitivity are impacted. Subsequent studies will be conducted in lean and obese mice transplanted with B-ALL cells who receive chemotherapy treatment alone or in combination with IL-9 neutralizing antibody administration. Disclosures Lee: PureTech Health: Research Funding. Henry: PureTech Health: Research Funding.

scholarly journals Global health research funding applications: brain drain under another name?

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e22-e23
Author(s):  
Abebe Bekele ◽  
Kathryn Chu ◽  
Lucia D'Ambruoso ◽  
Justine I Davies ◽  
Eduardo Ferriolli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Global Health Research

scholarly journals Erasing the Social from Social Science: The Intellectual Costs of Boundary-Work and the Canadian Institute of Health Research

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katelin E. Albert
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Boundary Work ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Canadian Institute ◽  
The Social

In 2009, Canadian social science research funding underwent a transition. Social science health-research was shifted from the Social Science and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) to the Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR), an agency previously dominated by natural and medical science. This paper examines the role of health-research funding structures in legitimizing and/or delimiting what counts as ‘good’ social science health research. Engaging Gieryn’s (1983) notion of ‘boundary-work’ and interviews with qualitative social science graduate students, it investigates how applicants developed proposals for CIHR. Findings show that despite claiming to be interdisciplinary, the practical mechanisms through which CIHR funding is distributed reinforce rigid boundaries of what counts as legitimate health research. These boundaries are reinforced by applicants who felt pressure to prioritize what they perceived was what funders wanted (accommodating natural-science research culture), resulting in erased, elided, and disguised social science theories and methods common for ‘good social science.’

scholarly journals An Analysis of Canadian Institute for Health Research Funding for Research on Autism Spectrum Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
R. Deonandan ◽  
E. Y. Liu ◽  
B. Kolisnyk ◽  
A. T. M. Konkle
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Institutional Response ◽  
Behavioural Interventions ◽  
Canadian Institute

We examined patterns of Canadian Institute for Health Research (CIHR) funding on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research. From 1999 to 2013, CIHR funded 190 ASD grants worth $48 million. Biomedical research received 43% of grants (46% of dollars), clinical research 27% (41%), health services 10% (7%), and population health research 8% (3%). The greatest number of grants was given in 2009, but 2003 saw the greatest amount. Funding is clustered in a handful of provinces and institutions, favouring biomedical research and disfavouring behavioural interventions, adaptation, and institutional response. Preference for biomedical research may be due to the detriment of clinical research.

scholarly journals Economic returns to medical research funding

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e022131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Grant ◽  
Martin J Buxton
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Economic Returns

Following the publication of the final paper in a planned series of four studies estimating the economic returns from biomedical and health research, we reflect on what we have learnt from these types of assessment.

scholarly journals Beware the problems of centralisation. Commentary on … Mental health research system in England

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 446-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Lelliott
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Good Thing ◽  
Research System ◽  
Health Research System

It is difficult to disagree with Chilvers & Clark that, overall, recent work to bring a more systematic approach to the organisation of mental health research in England has been a good thing. It is also necessary if mental health is to compete for research funding with other branches of healthcare. However, recent changes in the research system have not all been positive and there is a danger that the process of centralisation, which is inherent to the model they describe, will have unintended adverse consequences.

scholarly journals Research Funding for Pain in Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E Lynch ◽  
Donald Schopflocher ◽  
Paul Taenzer ◽  
Caitlin Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Current Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Appropriate Treatment

Chronic pain is an escalating public health problem. There are inadequate resources to assist patients suffering with pain in Canada. Therefore, it is important that research examining novel and appropriate treatment for chronic pain is conducted. To determine the current level of research funding for pain in Canada, the Canadian Pain Society conducted a survey. Of 79 active researchers performing pain-related studies, 65 received funding in the past five years amounting to a total of approximately $80.9 million. This is less than 1% of the total funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and 0.25% of the total funding for health research.

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