Chlorophyll fluorescence, ion uptake, and osmoregulation are potential indicators for detecting ecotypic variation in salt tolerance of Panicum antidotale Retz*

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Muhammad Javed ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Ahsan Farooq ◽  
Zafar Ullah Zafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Ion Uptake ◽  
Ecotypic Variation ◽  
Panicum Antidotale

scholarly journals Variations in leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and membrane potential of Medicago sativa root cortex cells exposed to increased salinity: The role of the antioxidant potential in salt tolerance

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Farissi ◽  
Mohammed Mouradi ◽  
Omar Farssi ◽  
Abdelaziz Bouizgaren ◽  
Cherki Ghoulam
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Root Cortex ◽  
Root Cortex Cells

Salinity is one of the most serious agricultural problems that adversely affects growth and productivity of pasture crops such as alfalfa. In this study, the effects of salinity on some ecophysiological and biochemical criteria associated with salt tolerance were assessed in two Moroccan alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) populations, Taf 1 and Tata. The experiment was conducted in a hydro-aeroponic system containing nutrient solutions, with the addition of NaCl at concentrations of 100 and 200 mM. The salt stress was applied for a month. Several traits in relation to salt tolerance, such as plant dry biomass, relative water content, leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, nutrient uptake, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes, were analyzed at the end of the experiment. The membrane potential was measured in root cortex cells of plants grown with or without NaCl treatment during a week. The results indicated that under salt stress, plant growth and all of the studied physiological and biochemical traits were significantly decreased, except for malondialdehyde and H2O2 contents, which were found to be increased under salt stress. Depolarization of membrane root cortex cells with the increase in external NaCl concentration was noted, irrespective of the growth conditions. The Tata population was more tolerant to high salinity (200 mM NaCl) and its tolerance was associated with the ability of plants to maintain adequate levels of the studied parameters and their ability to overcome oxidative stress by the induction of antioxidant enzymes, such as guaiacol peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase.

High external phosphate (Pi) increases sodium ion uptake and reduces salt tolerance of ‘Pi-tolerant’ soybean

2009 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsui-Hung Phang ◽  
Guihua Shao ◽  
Hong Liao ◽  
Xiaolong Yan ◽  
Hon-Ming Lam
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Ion Uptake ◽  
Sodium Ion

scholarly journals Low pH alleviated salinity stress of ginger seedlings by enhancing photosynthesis, fluorescence, and mineral element contents

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10832
Author(s):  
Fengman Yin ◽  
Shanying Zhang ◽  
Bili Cao ◽  
Kun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Nutrient Acquisition ◽  
Mineral Element ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Photosynthesis Efficiency ◽  
Element Contents

We investigated the effects of low pH on the photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and mineral contents of the leaves of ginger plants under salt stress. This experiment involved four treatments: T1 (pH 6, 0 salinity), T2 (pH 4, 0 salinity), T3 (pH 6, 100 mmol L−1 salinity) and T4 (pH 4, 100 mmol L−1 salinity). This study showed that photosynthesis (Pn, Gs, WUE and Tr) and chlorophyll fluorescence (qP, Φ PSII, and Fv/Fm) significantly decreased under salt stress; however, all the parameters of the ginger plants under the low-pH treatment and salt stress recovered. Moreover, low pH reduced the content of Na and enhanced the contents of K, Mg, Fe and Zn in the leaves of ginger plants under salt stress. Taken together, these results suggest that low pH improves photosynthesis efficiency and nutrient acquisition and reduces the absorption of Na, which could enhance the salt tolerance of ginger.

High external phosphate (Pi) increases sodium ion uptake and reduces salt tolerance of “Pi tolerant” soybean

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsui-Hung Phang ◽  
Guihua Shao ◽  
Hong Liao ◽  
Xiaolong Yan ◽  
Hon-Ming Lam
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Ion Uptake ◽  
Sodium Ion

scholarly journals Identification of Foliar Salt Tolerance of Woody Perennials Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1892-1897 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.C. Percival
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Woody Perennials ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Leaf Necrosis ◽  
Plant Salt Tolerance ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Inexpensive Procedure

Aims of this investigation were to determine whether chlorophyll fluorescence values obtained from excised leaves of woody perennials subjected to salinity stress under laboratory conditions provided a measurable indicator of whole plant salinity tolerance. Laboratory tests consisted of measurements of the ratio of variable to maximal chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) performed on excised leaves taken from thirty woody perennials following immersion in salt solutions ranging from concentrations of 2% to 7%. Based on reductions in Fv/Fm of excised leaves following salinity treatments plants were ranked in order of tolerance. Whole plants of six of the thirty species tested were then subjected to a foliar applied salt at a concentration of 7% and placed under glass for 14 weeks. Damage to, and recovery of whole plants from salt damage as measured by chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf necrosis and chlorophyll content mirrored tolerance ranking of excised leaves under laboratory conditions. In addition, based on reductions in plant growth at the cessation of the experiment, salt tolerance followed a similar order as that obtained from Fv/Fm values of excised leaves. Results indicate that testing of excised leaf material of woody perennials under laboratory conditions using chlorophyll fluorescence offers a potentially quick, reliable and inexpensive procedure that can provide a useful means of estimating whole plant salt tolerance.

scholarly journals Combined Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis to Elucidate Salt Tolerance Strategies of the Halophyte: Panicum antidotale Retz

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabassum Hussain ◽  
Hina Asrar ◽  
Wensheng Zhang ◽  
Bilquees Gul ◽  
Xiaojing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Panicum Antidotale

Panicum antidotale, a C4 monocot, has the potential to reclaim saline and drylands and to be utilized as fodder and forage. Its adaptability to survive saline stress has been proven with eco-physiological and biochemical studies. However, little is known about its molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance. In this study, an integrated transcriptome and proteome analysis approach, based on RNA sequencing and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), was used to identify the said mechanisms. Plants were treated with control (0 mM), low (100 mM), and high (300 mM) sodium chloride (NaCl) treatments to distinguish beneficial and toxic pathways influencing plant biomass. The results indicated differential expression of 3,179 (1,126 upregulated/2,053 downregulated) and 2,172 (898 upregulated/1,274 downregulated) genes (DEGs), and 514 (269 upregulated/245 downregulated) and 836 (494 upregulated/392 downregulated) proteins (DEPs) at 100 and 300 mM NaCl, respectively. Among these, most upregulated genes and proteins were involved in salt resistance strategies such as proline biosynthesis, the antioxidant defense system, ion homeostasis, and sugar accumulation at low salinity levels. On the other hand, the expression of several genes and proteins involved in the respiratory process were downregulated, indicating the inability of plants to meet their energy demands at high salinity levels. Moreover, the impairments in photosynthesis were also evident with the reduced expression of genes regulating the structure of photosystems and increased expression of abscisic acid (ABA) mediated pathways which limits stomatal gas exchange. Similarly, the disturbance in fatty acid metabolism and activation of essential ion transport blockers damaged the integrity of the cell membrane, which was also evident with enhanced malondialdehyde (MDA). Overall, the analysis of pathways revealed that the plant optimal performance at low salinity was related to enhanced metabolism, antioxidative defense, cell growth, and signaling pathways, whereas high salinity inhibited biomass accumulation by altered expression of numerous genes involved in carbon metabolism, signaling, transcription, and translation. The data provided the first global analysis of the mechanisms imparting salt stress tolerance of any halophyte at transcriptome and proteome levels.

scholarly journals Calcium-Induced Freezing and Salinity Tolerance in Evergreen Oak and Apple cv. ‘Golden Crown’

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Glynn Percival ◽  
Sally Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Evergreen Oak ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Fluorescence

Greater variability in weather patterns and later spring frosts equate to poor winter hardiness, premature spring budbreak, and greater susceptibility to low-temperature damage and concomitant deicing salt application. A field trial was undertaken to determine the influence of a range of commercially available calcium fertilizers applied as foliar sprays on the freezing and salinity tolerance of two tree species, evergreen oak (Quercus ilex L.) and apple (Malus cv. ‘Golden Crown’). In all cases, application of calcium sprays increased twig, leaf, and root freezing and salt tolerance of both species as measured by leaf chlorophyll fluorescence and tissue electrolyte leakage bioassays. In the case of apple, a hardiness gain of 4.3°C (7.74°F) was recorded in twig tissue. In the case of evergreen oak, a hardiness gain of 2.1°C (3.78°F) was recorded in leaf tissue. After a –5°C (23°F) (apple) and –6.5°C (20°F) (evergreen oak) freezing stress, root electrolyte leakage values as a measure of cell membrane structural damage were 16% to 27% less in calcium-treated trees compared with noncalcium-treated controls. The salt concentration needed to cause 50% reductions in leaf chlorophyll fluorescence as a measure of photosynthetic efficiency rose by 0.2% to 1.2% in calcium-fertilized trees indicating a positive influence of calcium on enhancing leaf tissue tolerance to salt damage. Differences in the magnitude of freezing and salinity tolerance gained were noticeable between the calcium products used. In general, calcium hydroxide, calcium nitrate borate, and calcium metalosate improved twig, leaf, and root freezing and salt tolerance in both tree species to a greater degree than calcium chloride, calcium sulphate, calcium nitrate, and a calcium–magnesium complex. A significant correlation existed between increased freezing tolerance and internal tissue calcium content. Results of this study indicate that calcium sprays during late summer and fall can increase the freezing and salinity tolerance of evergreen oak and apple during the winter. This should be considered noteworthy for individuals involved in the management of trees in areas subject to subzero temperature fluctuations and/or concomitant applications of deicing salts in the form of sodium chloride.

scholarly journals Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis in diverse rice varieties reveals the positive correlation between the seedlings salt tolerance and photosynthetic efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chang Tsai ◽  
Kuan-Chuan Chen ◽  
Tung-Shan Cheng ◽  
Chuan Lee ◽  
Shih-Hung Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters

Abstract Background Photosynthetic efficiency might be a key factor determining plant resistance to abiotic stresses. Plants can sense when growing conditions are not favorable and trigger an internal response at an early stage before showing external symptoms. When a high amount of salt enters the plant cell, the membrane system and function of thylakoids in chloroplasts could be destroyed and affect photosynthetic performance if the salt concentration is not regulated to optimal values. Oryza species have salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive genotypes; however, very few studies have investigated the genetic architecture responsible for photosynthetic efficiency under salinity stress in cultivated rice. Results We used an imaging-based chlorophyll fluorometer to monitor eight rice varieties that showed different salt tolerance levels for four consecutive days under control and salt conditions. An analysis of the changes in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters clearly showed the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII in sensitive varieties was significantly reduced after NaCl treatment when compared to tolerant varieties. A panel of 232 diverse rice accessions was then analyzed for chlorophyll fluorescence under salt conditions, the results showed that chlorophyll fluorescence parameters such as F0 and NPQ were higher in Japonica subspecies, ΦPSII of Indica varieties was higher than that in other subgroups, which suggested that the variation in photosynthetic efficiency was extensively regulated under salt treatment in diverse cultivated rice. Two significant regions on chromosome 5 were identified to associate with the fraction of open PSII centers (qL) and the minimum chlorophyll fluorescence (F0). These regions harbored genes related to senescence, chloroplast biogenesis and response to salt stress are of interest for future functional characterization to determine their roles in regulating photosynthesis. Conclusions Rice plant is very sensitive to salinity stress, especially at young seedling stage. Our work identified the distribution pattern of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in seedlings leaf and their correlations with salt tolerance level in a diverse gene pool. We also revealed the complexity of the genetic architecture regulating rice seedling photosynthetic performance under salinity stress, the germplasm analyzed in this study and the associated genetic information could be utilized in rice breeding program.

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