scholarly journals Combined Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis to Elucidate Salt Tolerance Strategies of the Halophyte: Panicum antidotale Retz

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabassum Hussain ◽  
Hina Asrar ◽  
Wensheng Zhang ◽  
Bilquees Gul ◽  
Xiaojing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Panicum Antidotale

Panicum antidotale, a C4 monocot, has the potential to reclaim saline and drylands and to be utilized as fodder and forage. Its adaptability to survive saline stress has been proven with eco-physiological and biochemical studies. However, little is known about its molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance. In this study, an integrated transcriptome and proteome analysis approach, based on RNA sequencing and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), was used to identify the said mechanisms. Plants were treated with control (0 mM), low (100 mM), and high (300 mM) sodium chloride (NaCl) treatments to distinguish beneficial and toxic pathways influencing plant biomass. The results indicated differential expression of 3,179 (1,126 upregulated/2,053 downregulated) and 2,172 (898 upregulated/1,274 downregulated) genes (DEGs), and 514 (269 upregulated/245 downregulated) and 836 (494 upregulated/392 downregulated) proteins (DEPs) at 100 and 300 mM NaCl, respectively. Among these, most upregulated genes and proteins were involved in salt resistance strategies such as proline biosynthesis, the antioxidant defense system, ion homeostasis, and sugar accumulation at low salinity levels. On the other hand, the expression of several genes and proteins involved in the respiratory process were downregulated, indicating the inability of plants to meet their energy demands at high salinity levels. Moreover, the impairments in photosynthesis were also evident with the reduced expression of genes regulating the structure of photosystems and increased expression of abscisic acid (ABA) mediated pathways which limits stomatal gas exchange. Similarly, the disturbance in fatty acid metabolism and activation of essential ion transport blockers damaged the integrity of the cell membrane, which was also evident with enhanced malondialdehyde (MDA). Overall, the analysis of pathways revealed that the plant optimal performance at low salinity was related to enhanced metabolism, antioxidative defense, cell growth, and signaling pathways, whereas high salinity inhibited biomass accumulation by altered expression of numerous genes involved in carbon metabolism, signaling, transcription, and translation. The data provided the first global analysis of the mechanisms imparting salt stress tolerance of any halophyte at transcriptome and proteome levels.

scholarly journals Test the Development in Salt Tolerance in Two Selected Genotypes of Wheat

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Salah M. Hassan ◽  
Majeed D. M. ◽  
Abdo-Wehab M. Whaeb ◽  
Suad M. Majeed ◽  
Ibrahim I. H. Al-Mashhadani
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Plant Breeder ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Genetic Development ◽  
High Salinity Level

The genetic development for salt tolerance in wheat is very important approach for the plant breeder to overcome salinity problem. Estimation of salt tolerance by two selected genotypes of wheat (4H, N5) was conducted in plastic house as compared with the local cultivars Tamoz 2 to know the development that happened in salt tolerance in these genotypes through the plant breeding programs. The experiment was conducted in pots using four salinity levels (2, 5, 10, 15)ds/m. The experimental design was RCBD with three blocks. Results indicated that both selected genotypes were significantly superior in all measured characters to check cultivar at all salinity levels. There were differences between the two selected genotypes in different traits, but not significant especially at high salinity levels. At these salinity levels, the selected genotypes had more growth in shoots and roots. The differences between the two selected genotypes and the check cultivar in all characters increased in high salinity level. In conclusion, there were genetically improvements with aspect to salt tolerance achieved in selected genotypes through breeding and improvement programs.

Response of Sugar Beet to Salinity during the Stages of Seedling Emergence and Plant Growth

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 1102-1108
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Ting Ting Fu ◽  
Na Sui ◽  
Tong Lou Ding ◽  
Xi Hua Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Ion Accumulation ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recovery Experiment

The effect of NaCl on seedling emergence, plant growth and ion accumulation for two sugar beet cultivars was evaluated. The result showed that seedling emergence in Tianyan309 was much lower than that in KWS3418 in the initial 6 days. High salinity markedly decreased final seedling emergence in both cultivars, especially in Tianyan309, while salinity had no adverse effect on total seedling emergence after the recovery experiment in both cultivars. Low salinity (86 mM NaCl) had no significant effect on shoot and root dry weights, while 171 and 257 mM NaCl inhibited shoot and root dry weights of two cultivars, especially for KWS3418. Concentrations of Na+ and Cl- in leaves were increased with increasing NaCl in both cultivars. There was no significant difference between two cultivars in concentrations of Na+ and Cl- in the leaves at different concentrations of NaCl, except that Cl- concentration in leaves of Tianyan309 was lower than that in KWS3418 at 257 mM NaCl. The characteristic of Cl- uptake and/or accumulation may relate to different salt tolerance of KWS3418 and Tianyan309.

Physiological causes for decreased productivity under high salinity in Boma, a tetraploid Chloris gayana cultivar

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 903 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. de Luca ◽  
L. García Seffino ◽  
K. Grunberg ◽  
M. Salgado ◽  
A. Córrdoba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Salt Gland ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
Area Expansion

Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Kunth) is widely cultivated in the semi-arid tropics and favoured for salt tolerance; nevertheless, productivity decreases significantly under saline conditions, especially in tetraploid cultivars. The purpose of this work was to explore, in the tetraploid cultivar Boma, the physiological causes for such decrease. Experiments were carried out in vegetative plants in the greenhouse. At high salinity (200 mM NaCl), an early reduction in leaf area expansion was observed, and, later, decreased dry matter accumulation, suggesting that the central effect of salinity was a limitation of leaf growth. This was evaluated in 2 closely related Boma clones, exhibiting different degrees of salt tolerance. Growth, ion accumulation and excretion, sugars, and proline concentrations were measured under a range of salt concentrations (0–200 mM NaCl). Differences between the clones in leaf expansion were expressed only at high salinity, but were not associated with differences in water potential or hydraulic conductance in the expanding region. At all salinity levels, the proportion of dry leaves was higher in the clone which also had lower salt gland density and Na excretion rates. Less efficient Na extrusion, associated with high oxidative stress, may be the main cause for leaf senescence and differences in productivity between these clones.

scholarly journals DESEMPENHO DO CAPIM TANZÂNIA IRRIGADO COM ÁGUA SALOBRA APLICADA VIA ASPERSÃO E GOTEJAMENTO

Irriga ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-253
Author(s):  
Saulo Samuel Carneiro Praxedes ◽  
Manoel Januário da Silva Júnior ◽  
José Francismar de Medeiros ◽  
José Leôncio de Almeida Silva ◽  
Francisco Valfisio da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Significant Production

DESEMPENHO DO CAPIM TANZÂNIA IRRIGADO COM ÁGUA SALOBRA APLICADA VIA ASPERSÃO E GOTEJAMENTO     SAULO SAMUEL CARNEIRO PRAXEDES1; MANOEL JANUÁRIO DA SILVA JÚNIOR2; JOSÉ FRANCISMAR DE MEDEIROS2; JOSÉ LEÔNCIO DE ALMEIDA SILVA3; FRANCISCO VALFISIO DA SILVA4 E ANA JAQUELINE DE OLIVEIRA TARGINO5   1Doutorando do PPGMSA, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, UFERSA, Av. Francisco Mota, 572 - Bairro Costa e Silva, CEP: 59.625-900, Mossoró/RN/Brasil, [email protected]; 2Departemento de Ciências Agronômicas e Florestais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, UFERSA, Av. Francisco Mota, 572 - Bairro Costa e Silva, CEP: 59.625-900, Mossoró/RN/Brasil, [email protected], [email protected]; 3Doutorando do PPGEA, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, UFV/MG, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n - Campus Universitário, CEP: 36570-900, Viçosa - MG, [email protected]; 4Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, UFERSA, Av. Francisco Mota, 572 - Bairro Costa e Silva, CEP: 59.625-900, Mossoró/RN/Brasil, [email protected]; 5Mestre em Manejo de Solo e Água, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, UFERSA, Av. Francisco Mota, 572 - Bairro Costa e Silva, CEP: 59.625-900, Mossoró/RN/Brasil, [email protected].     1 RESUMO   O capim Tanzânia (Panicum maximum) é uma forrageira que vem se destacando nos últimos anos na alimentação de animais em todo o mundo, tanto pelo incremento de produtividade como fonte de nutrientes, sendo, portanto, a avaliação do seu crescimento e produção sob estresse salino, fator importante para potencializar o cultivo desta forrageira em regiões semiáridas. Com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho desta gramínea sob estresse salino, estabeleceu-se um delineamento experimental inteiramente aleatorizado, analisado em esquema fatorial (5x2), com quatro repetições, totalizando 40 unidades experimentais. Os tratamentos consistiram na aplicação de águas com cincos níveis de salinidade (0,5; 1,5; 2,5; 3,5 e 4,5 dS m-1) às plantas via aspersão e gotejamento. Avaliaram-se os componentes: altura (ALT), fitomassa fresca (FMF) e fitomassa seca (FMS) da parte aérea das plantas, as quais foram obtidas em 4 sucessivos cortes. Concluiu-se que a água de irrigação de elevada salinidade reduz a FMF e a FMS da gramínea, porém, é possível se obter resultados expressivos de produção com uma CEa máxima de 2,8 dS m-1, com reduções máximas de 20% na produção fitomassa seca. Ao se utilizar água salobra, as plantas irrigadas via gotejamento apresentaram resultados de produção mais expressivos em relação às plantas irrigadas via aspersão.   Palavras-chave: Panicum maximum, métodos de irrigação, condutividade elétrica.     PRAXEDES, S. S. C.; SILVA JÚNIOR, M. J.; MEDEIROS, J. F.; SILVA, J. L. A.; SILVA, F. V.; TARGINO, A. J. O. PERFORMANCE OF TANZANIA GRASS IRRIGATED WITH SALINE WATER APPLIED VIA SPRAY AND DRIPPING       2 ABSTRACT   Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum) is a forage that has stood out in the last years for feeding animals worldwide. Therefore, the evaluation of its growth and production under saline stress is an important factor to enhance the cultivation of this fodder in semi-arid regions. To evaluate the performance of this grass under salt stress, a completely randomized experimental design was established in a factorial scheme (5x2) with four replications, totaling 40 experimental units. Treatments consisted of application of water with five salinity levels (0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 dS m-1) to the plants via sprinkling and dripping. The components: height (ALT), fresh phytomass (FMF) and dry matter (FMS) of the aerial parts of the plants were evaluated, which were obtained in four successive cuts. High salinity irrigation water reduces FMF and grass FMS, but it is possible to obtain significant results of production with a maximum ECa of 2.8 dS m-1, and maximum reductions of 20% in dry biomass production. When brackish water is used, plants irrigated via drip irrigation presented more significant production results against plants irrigated by spraying.   Keywords: Panicum maximum, irrigation methods, Electrical conductivity

scholarly journals Pipefish locally adapted to low salinity in the Baltic Sea retain phenotypic plasticity to cope with ancestral salinity levels

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Goehlich ◽  
Linda Sartoris ◽  
Kim Sara Wagner ◽  
Carolin C. Wendling ◽  
Olivia Roth
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Offspring Size ◽  
Genetic Adaptation ◽  
Opportunistic Fungi ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Syngnathus Typhle ◽  
Salinity Levels

AbstractGenetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity facilitate the invasion of new habitats and enable organisms to cope with a rapidly changing environment. In contrast to genetic adaptation that spans multiple generations as an evolutionary process, phenotypic plasticity allows acclimation within the life-time of an organism. Genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity are usually studied in isolation, however, only by including their interactive impact, we can understand acclimation and adaptation in nature. We aimed to explore the contribution of adaptation and plasticity in coping with an abiotic (salinity) and a biotic (Vibrio bacteria) stressor using six different populations of the broad-nosed pipefish Syngnathus typhle that originated from either high or low saline environments. We hypothesized that wild S. typhle populations are locally adapted to the salinity and prevailing pathogens of their native environment, and that short-term acclimation of parents to a novel salinity may aid in buffering offspring phenotypes in a matching environment. To test these hypotheses, we exposed all wild caught animals, to either high or low salinity, representing native and novel salinity conditions and allowed animals to mate. After male pregnancy, offspring was split and each half was exposed to one of the two salinities and infected with Vibrio alginolyticus bacteria that were evolved at either of the two salinities in a fully reciprocal design. We investigated life history traits of fathers (offspring survival, offspring size) and expression of 47 target genes in mothers and offspring.Pregnant males originating from high salinity exposed to low salinity were highly susceptible to opportunistic fungi infections resulting in decreased offspring size and number. In contrast, no signs of fungal infection were identified in fathers originating from low saline conditions suggesting that genetic adaptation has the potential to overcome the challenging conditions of low salinity. Genetic adaptation increased survival rates of juveniles from parents in lower salinity (in contrast to those from high salinity). Juvenile gene expression indicated patterns of local adaptation, trans-generational plasticity and developmental plasticity. The results of our study suggest that pipefish locally adapted to low salinity retain phenotypic plasticity, which allows them to also cope with ancestral salinity levels and prevailing pathogens.

Carbon-Isotope, Diatom, and Pollen Evidence for Late Holocene Salinity Change in a Brackish Marsh in the San Francisco Estuary

2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Byrne ◽  
B. Lynn Ingram ◽  
Scott Starratt ◽  
Frances Malamud-Roam ◽  
Joshua N. Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Brackish Marsh ◽  
San Francisco Estuary ◽  
Freshwater Inflow ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Freshwater Flow ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Carbon Isotopic

AbstractAnalysis of diatoms, pollen, and the carbon-isotopic composition of a sediment core from a brackish marsh in the northern part of the San Francisco Estuary has provided a paleosalinity record that covers the past 3000 yr. Changes in marsh composition and diatom frequencies are assumed to represent variations in freshwater inflow to the estuary. Three periods of relatively high salinity (low freshwater inflow) are indicated, 3000 to 2500 cal yr B.P., 1700 to 730 cal yr B.P., and ca. A.D. 1930 to the present. The most recent period of high salinity is primarily due to upstream storage and water diversion within the Sacramento–San Joaquin watershed, although drought may also have been a factor. The two earlier high-salinity periods are likely the result of reduced precipitation. Low salinity (high freshwater flow) is indicated for the period 750 cal yr B.P. to A.D. 1930.

scholarly journals Analysis of Genetic Variation and Enhancement of Salt Tolerance in French Pea (Pisum Sativum L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed El-Esawi ◽  
Abdullah Al-Ghamdi ◽  
Hayssam Ali ◽  
Aisha Alayafi ◽  
Jacques Witczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Trait Associations

Pisum sativum L. (field pea) is a crop of a high nutritional value and seed oil content. The characterization of pea germplasm is important to improve yield and quality. This study aimed at using fatty acid profiling and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers to evaluate the variation and relationships of 25 accessions of French pea. It also aimed to conduct a marker-trait associations analysis using the crude oil content as the target trait for this analysis, and to investigate whether 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) could enhance salt tolerance in the pea germplasm. The percentage of crude oil of the 25 pea genotypes varied from 2.6 to 3.5%, with a mean of 3.04%. Major fatty acids in all of the accessions were linoleic acid. Moreover, the 12 AFLP markers used were polymorphic. The cluster analysis based on fatty acids data or AFLP data divided the 25 pea germplasm into two main clusters. The gene diversity of the AFLP markers varied from 0.21 to 0.58, with a mean of 0.41. Polymorphic information content (PIC) of pea germplasm varied from 0.184 to 0.416 with a mean of 0.321, and their expected heterozygosity (He) varied from 0.212 to 0.477 with a mean of 0.362. The AFLP results revealed that the Nain Ordinaire cultivar has the highest level of genetic variability, whereas Elatius 3 has the lowest level. Three AFLP markers (E-AAC/M-CAA, E-AAC/M-CAC, and E-ACA/M-CAG) were significantly associated with the crude oil content trait. The response of the Nain Ordinaire and Elatius 3 cultivars to high salinity stress was studied. High salinity (150 mM NaCl) slightly reduced the photosynthetic pigments contents in Nain Ordinaire leaves at a non-significant level, however, the pigments contents in the Elatius 3 leaves were significantly reduced by high salinity. Antioxidant enzymes (APX—ascorbate peroxidase; CAT—catalase; and POD—peroxidase) activities were significantly induced in the Nain Ordinaire cultivar, but non-significantly induced in Elatius 3 by high salinity. Priming the salt-stressed Nain Ordinaire and Elatius 3 plants with ALA significantly enhanced the pigments biosynthesis, antioxidant enzymes activities, and stress-related genes expression, as compared to the plants stressed with salt alone. In conclusion, this study is amongst the first investigations that conducted marker-trait associations in pea, and revealed a sort of correlation between the diversity level and salt tolerance.

scholarly journals Water Salinity Should Be Reduced for Irrigation to Minimize Its Risk of Increased Soil N2O Emissions

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Wei ◽  
Junzeng Xu ◽  
Linxian Liao ◽  
Yawei Li ◽  
Haiyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Nitrogen Inputs ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
N2o Fluxes ◽  
Moisture Dynamics ◽  
Irrigated Soils

To reveal the effect of irrigation salinity on soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emission, pot experiments were designed with three irrigation salinity levels (NaCl and CaCl2 of 1, 2.5 and 4 g/L equivalence, Ec = 3.6, 8.1 and 12.7 ds/m), either for 0 kg N/ha (N0) or 120 kg N/ha (N120) nitrogen inputs. N2O emissions from soils irrigated at different salinity levels varied in a similar pattern which was triggered by soil moisture dynamics. Yet, the magnitudes of pulse N2O fluxes were significantly varied, with the peak flux at 5 g/L irrigation salinity level being much higher than at 2 and 8 g/L. Compared to fresh water irrigated soils, cumulative N2O fluxes were reduced by 22.7% and 39.6% (N0), 29.1% and 39.2% (N120) for soils irrigated with 2 and 8 g/L saline water, while they were increased by 87.7% (N0) and 58.3% (N120) for soils irrigated with 5 g/L saline water. These results suggested that the effect degree of salinity on consumption and production of N2O might vary among irrigation salinity ranges. As such, desalinating brackish water to a low salinity level (such as 2 g/L) before it is used for irrigation might be helpful for solving water resources crises and mitigating soil N2O emissions.

Spatial and seasonal variability of emergent aquatic insects and nearshore spiders in a subtropical estuary

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha J. Zapata ◽  
S. Mažeika P. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Aquatic Insect ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Insect Community ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Subtropical Estuary ◽  
Adult Aquatic Insects

Variability in the density and distribution of adult aquatic insects is an important factor mediating aquatic-to-terrestrial nutritional subsidies in freshwater ecosystems, yet less is understood about insect-facilitated subsidy dynamics in estuaries. We surveyed emergent (i.e. adult) aquatic insects and nearshore orb-weaving spiders of the families Tetragnathidae and Araneidae in a subtropical estuary of Florida (USA). Emergent insect community composition varied seasonally and spatially; densities were lower at high- than low-salinity sites. At high-salinity sites, emergent insects exhibited lower dispersal ability and a higher prevalence of univoltinism than low- and mid-salinity assemblages. Orb-weaving spider density most strongly tracked emergent insect density rates at low- and mid-salinity sites. Tetragnatha body condition was 96% higher at high-salinity sites than at low-salinity sites. Our findings contribute to our understanding of aquatic insect communities in estuarine ecosystems and indicate that aquatic insects may provide important nutritional subsidies to riparian consumers despite their depressed abundance and diversity compared with freshwater ecosystems.

scholarly journals Isolation of Halophilic Bacteria from Inland Petroleum- Producing Wells

Fine Focus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Maedgen Q. Lindsey ◽  
Jennifer R. Huddleston
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Marine Microorganisms ◽  
16S Rdna Gene ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar

The goals of this study were to isolate microorganisms from oil well-produced water, identify the microorganisms, and test the microorganisms’ salt tolerance. Saltwater collected from two well locations producing from different zones in Jones County, Texas, was spread onto Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA). Isolates showed a 16S rDNA gene sequence identity of 99% with Idiomarina baltica and Marinobacter persicus. Salt tolerance assays indicated an optimal growth concentration of 10-12.5% NaCl for the Idiomarina isolate and a decrease in growth beyond 5% NaCl for the Marinobacter isolate. In conclusion, organisms that are phylogenetically similar to marine microorganisms are present in oil well environments, and have variable salt tolerances, which may prove useful in microbialmediated hydrocarbon bioremediation of high salinity environments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document