Effect of Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation and Mustard Seed Meal for Control of Charcoal Rot in California Strawberries

Charcoal rot and Fusarium wilt, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, respectively, are major soil-borne diseases of strawberry that have caused significant crop losses in California. Anaerobic soil disinfestation has been studied as an industry-level option to replace soil fumigants to manage these serious diseases. Studies were conducted to discern whether Gramineae carbon input type, incubation temperature, or incubation duration influences the efficacy of this disease control tactic. In experiments conducted using ‘low rate’ amendment applications at moderate day/night temperatures (24/18 °C), and carbon inputs (orchard grass, wheat, and rice bran) induced an initial proliferation and subsequent decline in soil density of the Fusarium wilt pathogen. This trend coincided with the onset of anaerobic conditions and a corresponding generation of various anti-fungal compounds, including volatile organic acids, hydrocarbons, and sulfur compounds. Generation of these metabolites was associated with increases in populations of Clostridium spp. Overall, carbon input and incubation temperature, but not incubation duration, significantly influenced disease suppression. All Gramineae carbon inputs altered the soil microbiome and metabolome in a similar fashion, though the timing and maximum yield of specific metabolites varied with input type. Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot suppression were superior when anaerobic soil disinfestation was conducted using standard amendment rates of 20 t ha−1 at elevated temperatures combined with a 3-week incubation period. Findings indicate that anaerobic soil disinfestation can be further optimized by modulating carbon source and incubation temperature, allowing the maximum generation of antifungal toxic volatile compounds. Outcomes also indicate that carbon input and environmental variables may influence treatment efficacy in a target pathogen-dependent manner which will require pathogen-specific optimization of treatment protocols.

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Field scale application of Brassica seed meal and anaerobic soil disinfestation for the control of apple replant disease

Applied Soil Ecology ◽

10.1016/j.apsoil.2021.104076 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 166 ◽

pp. 104076

Author(s):

S.T. DuPont ◽

S.S. Hewavitharana ◽

M. Mazzola

Keyword(s):

Seed Meal ◽

Field Scale ◽

Apple Replant Disease ◽

Soil Disinfestation ◽

Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation ◽

Replant Disease

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Evaluation of Broadcast Steam Application with Mustard Seed Meal in Fruiting Strawberry

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci15669-20 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Dong Sub Kim ◽

Steven Kim ◽

Steven A. Fennimore

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Pythium Ultimum ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Seed Meal ◽

Mustard Seed ◽

Deep Soil ◽

Soil Disinfestation ◽

Soil Temperatures ◽

Soil Disinfection ◽

Previously Treated

Soil disinfestation with steam has potential to partially replace fumigants such as methyl bromide, chloropicrin, and 1,3-dichloropropene because it is effective, safer to apply, and has less negative impact on the environment. Here, we compared the efficacy of steam and steam + mustard seed meal (MSM) to chloropicrin on soil disinfection, plant growth, and fruit yield in a strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) fruiting field. The MSM was applied at 3368 kg·ha−1 before the steam application. Steam was injected into a 3-m-wide reverse tiller that was set to till 30 to 40 cm deep. Soil temperatures at depths of 10, 20, 25, and 35 cm were monitored. Steam and steam + MSM treatments reduced the viability of purslane seeds and nutsedge tubers, microsclerotia density of Verticillium dahliae, propagule density of Pythium ultimum, cumulative weed densities, and biomass compared with the nontreated control. Moreover, the steam application was as efficacious as chloropicrin on these pests. The growth and fruit yield of strawberries grown on soils previously treated with the steam and steam + MSM treatments were similar to those in the chloropicrin treatment and were higher than those in the nontreated control. Our study indicated that steam, steam + MSM, and chloropicrin are equally effective at suppressing weeds and soilborne pathogens. These results suggest that the steam and steam + MSM treatment can be a practical alternative for soil disinfestation in conventional and organic strawberry fields.

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Optimizing anaerobic soil disinfestation for fresh market tomato production: Nematode and weed control, yield, and fruit quality

Scientia Horticulturae ◽

10.1016/j.scienta.2017.01.054 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 218 ◽

pp. 105-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Haichao Guo ◽

Francesco Di Gioia ◽

Xin Zhao ◽

Monica Ozores-Hampton ◽

Marilyn E. Swisher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Fresh Market ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Soil Disinfestation ◽

Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation

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Evaluation of Oriental Mustard (Brassica juncea) Seed Meal for Weed Suppression in Turf

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-09-00058.1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 440-445 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Daniel T. Earlywine ◽

Reid J. Smeda ◽

Travis C. Teuton ◽

Carl E. Sams ◽

Xi Xiong

Keyword(s):

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

White Clover ◽

Tall Fescue ◽

Methyl Bromide ◽

Untreated Control ◽

Seed Meal ◽

Mustard Seed ◽

Annual Bluegrass ◽

Oriental Mustard ◽

Large Crabgrass

Oriental mustard seed meal (MSM), a byproduct generated by pressing the seed for oil, exhibits herbicidal properties. In turfgrass, soil fumigants such as methyl bromide are used to control weeds prior to renovation of turf. Environmental concerns have resulted in deregistration of methyl bromide, prompting the need for alternatives. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of MSM on the establishment of selected turfgrass weeds as well as inhibitory effects on establishment of desirable turfgrasses. Greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2006 and 2007 at the University of Missouri. MSM was amended in soil at 0, 1,350 (low), 2,350 (medium), and 3,360 kg ha−1(high) concentrations. Weed species included annual bluegrass, large crabgrass, buckhorn plantain, white clover, and common chickweed. Turfgrass species included: Rembrandt tall fescue, Evening Shade perennial rye, and Riviera bermudagrass. All species were seeded into soil amended with MSM and either tarped or left untarped. All treatments were compared to dazomet (392 kg ha−1), a synthetic standard. Plant counts and biomass of all species were recorded 4 wk after seeding. Overall, tarped treatments suppressed weed emergence 27 to 50% more compared to untarped treatments, except for large crabgrass. High rates of MSM suppressed emergence of all weeds ≥ 63%. Compared to the untreated control, the density of buckhorn plantain, white clover, and common chickweed was reduced by ≥ 42% at low rates of MSM. Biomass of buckhorn plantain, annual bluegrass, common chickweed, white clover, and large crabgrass was reduced from 37 to 99% at high rates of MSM. MSM at high rates reduced stand counts of tall fescue and perennial ryegrass up to 81% and 77% respectively, compared to the untreated control. Regardless of MSM rates or tarping, suppression of common bermudagrass emergence did not exceed 30%; tarped treatments actually increased bermudagrass emergence by 22%. The biomass for tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, and bermudagrass was reduced by 85, 68, and 10%, respectively, at high rates of MSM. For tall fescue, MSM at all rates strongly suppressed seed germination by 7 d after planting (DAP) (up to 100%), with additional germination observed through 14 DAP, but not thereafter. In both trials, dazomet completely suppressed emergence of all weeds. MSM appears to suppress emergence and growth of a number of weeds common in turf, with potential selectivity for bermudagrass.

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