Optimal and Long-Term Dynamic Transport Policy Design: Seeking Maximum Social Welfare through a Pricing Scheme

Since 2015, the international policy community has started to agree on international agreements with ambitious middle-term and long-term goals, highly relevant to sustainable consumption and production (SCP) such as those seen in the Paris Agreement, SDGs, and the plastic-related agreements at the G7 and G20 processes. Along with this trend, there has been growing attention given to socio-technical system change or “transition”. Policy debate is putting more focus on the need to change consumption and production patterns and deal with various ecological consequences within planetary boundaries such as decarbonization, absolute reduction in material throughput, or creation of a plastic-free society. This paper examines the expansion of the policy domain of SCP in three phases; SCP focusing on pollution control and cleaner production (SCP 1.0), SCP from the perspective of product lifecycle (SCP 2.0), and SCP focusing on systematic changes in socio-technical systems driving consumption and production (SCP 3.0). The potential impact of a wider SCP policy domain can be comparable to the historical shift in discourse related to ecological modernization theory from pollution prevention to efficiency. This emerging trend corresponds to the need for a fresh approach to policy design which can facilitate transition to sustainability.

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Systemic Government and the Civil Servant. A New Pattern for Systemic Design

Form Akademisk - forskningstidsskrift for design og designdidaktikk ◽

10.7577/formakademisk.792 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Jonathan A Veale

Keyword(s):

Decision Support ◽

Public Sector ◽

Cultural Change ◽

Public Service ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Policy Design ◽

Civil Servant ◽

Systemic Design

This article examines the emerging application of systemic design methodology within government as practiced by the Alberta Public Service in Edmonton, Canada. A case study, from a practitioner’s perspective, for systemic policy design is presented as an innovation facing approach useful for cultural change and decision-support. Lessons about applying systemic design within government and essential capabilities and qualities of practitioners are outlined. For some systemic designers, government might be the best place to effect systemic change especially those particularly concerned about advancing stewardship and innovation within the culture of government. This article is useful to public sector practitioners interested in applying systemic methodology to complex and long-term policy predicaments.

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Efficiency Problems in the System of Key National Indicators

MGIMO Review of International Relations ◽

10.24833/2071-8160-2012-5-26-168-171 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 168-171

Author(s):

E. A. Brendeleva

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Social Welfare ◽

Development Strategy ◽

The State ◽

Institutional Characteristics ◽

National Economies ◽

The Way

The article talks about the key national indicators characterizing economic development, as well as the problems associated with the aims set in the framework of these indicators. The paper also looks at the possible changes in the existing system to asses the state of national economies and social welfare, as well as in the way institutional characteristics of a particular country are considered in this system, with the final aim of deciding on the states’ long term development strategy.

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Rights Of Disabilities To Education, Occupation, Health, Social Welfare, And Accessibility

Jurnal Keterapian Fisik ◽

10.37341/jkf.v5i1.211 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 48-54

Author(s):

YOPI HARWINANDA ARDESA

Keyword(s):

Social Welfare ◽

Cross Section ◽

People With Disabilities ◽

Right To Health ◽

Right To Education ◽

Section Design ◽

The Subject

Background: People with disabilities are those with physical or mental limitations in long term. People with disabilities have some rights they deserve such as rights to education, occupation, health, social welfare, and accessibility. Method and Subject: This research was conducted on December 2019, in Colomadu Sub District using questionnaire with cross-section design. The subject used consisted of 23 quadriplegic persons. Result: Out of 23 quadriplegic persons, the result of analysis showed significant score of 0.236 between people with disabilities and right to education, of 0.167 between people with disabilities and right to occupation, of 0.313 between people with disabilities and right to health, of 0.150 between people with disabilities and right to social welfare, and of 0.762 between people with disabilities and right to accessibility, with p > 0.05. Conclusion: The rights of people with disabilities (disability people) have not been fulfilled yet in Colomadu Sub District.

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Part III Tests of Abuse, 8 The Consumer Harm Test

The Foundations of European Union Competition Law ◽

10.1093/law-ocl/9780199226153.003.0008 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Nazzini Renato

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Property ◽

Property Rights ◽

Social Welfare ◽

Intellectual Property Rights ◽

Product Innovation ◽

Consumer Welfare ◽

Competition Rules ◽

Vertical Foreclosure

This chapter studies the consumer harm test. The consumer harm test asks whether the conduct of the dominant undertaking results in higher prices, lower output, or reduced product innovation. The test is not necessarily the manifestation of a consumer welfare objective of the competition rules but is consistent with the achievement of long-term social welfare. Therefore, the test may be applied under Article 102 even if this provision does not aim at maximizing some measure of consumer welfare but long-term social welfare. The chapter then looks at the consumer harm test in vertical foreclosure, focusing on refusal to supply and margin squeeze. Proof of consumer harm is required in all vertical foreclosure cases and not only when the refusal to supply relates to intellectual property rights.

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Prime Predator: Amazon and the Rationale of Below Average Variable Cost Pricing Strategies Among Negative-Cash Flow Firms

Journal of Antitrust Enforcement ◽

10.1093/jaenfo/jnz002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 203-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shaoul Sussman

Keyword(s):

Cash Flow ◽

Business Strategy ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Essential Element ◽

Variable Cost ◽

Pricing Strategies ◽

Corporate Disclosure ◽

Predatory Pricing ◽

Pricing Scheme

Abstract American jurisprudence considers price predation a largely irrational, and therefore self-limiting, business strategy which is unlikely to lead to monopolization of an industry. This paper argues that the recent rise of the negative cash flow firm upends traditional assumptions. These types of firms can achieve greater market share through predatory pricing strategies that involve long-term below average variable cost prices. It also maintains that recoupment, an essential element of any predatory pricing scheme, can be achieved without a raise of prices post predation. By charging prices in the present reflecting future lower costs based on prospective technological and scale efficiencies, these firms are able to rationalize their predatory pricing practices to investors and shareholders. These observations lead to the conclusion that price predation is a rational strategy which can foreseeably lead to monopolization. This paper then moves on to examine the conduct of Amazon, the biggest negative cash flow firm in the world. It suggests that not only is it entirely rational for Amazon to engage in price predation and a long-term strategy of monopolization but that under current corporate disclosure rules such conduct would be virtually undetectable. The negative impact of this behavior is the elimination present and future competition.

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Unbanked in India: A qualitative analysis of 24 years of financial inclusion policies

International Social Work ◽

10.1177/0020872819881184 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 002087281988118

Author(s):

Gaurav R Sinha ◽

Lissette M Piedra

Keyword(s):

Policy Design ◽

Well Being ◽

Interesting Case ◽

Financial Inclusion ◽

The Other ◽

Design Decisions ◽

The Past ◽

Policy Interventions ◽

Complex Information

Social work has historically engaged in pioneering interventions to improve the financial well-being of people. India is an interesting case as it has the highest number of unbanked people on one side and numerous policy interventions on the other. Using systematic review and Gioia methodology, we analyzed 24 years of financial inclusion policies. Our analysis revealed that the efficacy of policies was impeded by flawed designs, as the policymakers preferred ‘quick fixes’ over long-term solutions. Our study highlights the need for learning from the past and organizing complex information in a way that helps policymakers in taking informed policy design decisions.

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Why Do Policymakers Support Administrative Burdens? The Roles of Deservingness, Political Ideology, and Personal Experience

Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory ◽

10.1093/jopart/muaa033 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Martin Baekgaard ◽

Donald P Moynihan ◽

Mette Kjærgaard Thomsen

Keyword(s):

Social Welfare ◽

Public Administration ◽

Political Ideology ◽

Personal Experience ◽

Policy Design ◽

Survey Experiment ◽

Right Wing ◽

Limited Evidence ◽

Welfare Benefits ◽

Local Politicians

Abstract Administrative burdens affect peoples’ experience of public administration but there is, to date, limited evidence to as why policymakers are willing to accept and impose burdens. To address this gap, we draw from the policy design and administrative burden literatures to develop the concept of burden tolerance—the willingness of policymakers and people more generally to passively allow or actively impose state actions that result in others experiencing administrative burdens. Drawing on a survey experiment and observational data with Danish local politicians in a social welfare setting, we find that more right-wing politicians are more tolerant of burdens, but politicians are less willing to impose burdens on a welfare claimant perceived as being more deserving. Politicians with a personal experience of receiving welfare benefits themselves are less tolerant of burdens, while information about the psychological costs experienced by claimants did not reduce burden tolerance.

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MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION AND LONG-TERM GROWTH: THE ROLE OF POLICY DESIGN

Macroeconomic Dynamics ◽

10.1017/s1365100519000488 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Philipp Harting

Keyword(s):

Policy Design ◽

Theoretical Perspective ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Agent Based ◽

Stabilization Policies ◽

Endogenous Business Cycles ◽

The Business Cycle ◽

Fiscal Stabilization

Do fiscal stabilization policies affect the long-term growth of the economy? If so, are the long-term effects growth enhancing or growth reducing? When addressing these questions from a theoretical perspective, the literature has typically emphasized the importance of structural aspects such as the modeling approach of endogenous technological change while paying less attention to an elaborate design of the considered fiscal stabilization policies. This paper uses an agent-based macroeconomic model that generates endogenous business cycles to emphasize the role of the policy design for long-term growth effects of stabilization policies. By comparing a demand-oriented consumption policy and two different investment subsidizing policies, it can be shown that these policies are successful in smoothing the business cycle but differ in terms of their effects on economic long-term growth. This highlights the importance of policy design for the analysis of long-term effects of stabilization policies.

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