Managing Production Costs of Small and Large Developers in Sweden: A Case Study on Multi-Family Construction

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
Kurt Psilander
Keyword(s):  
Production Costs

Thermoeconomic Approach and Optimization of a Solar Thermal Power Plant

2012 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 609-613
Author(s):  
Ali Baghernejad ◽  
Mahmood Yaghoubi
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Optimum Operating Condition ◽  
Solar Thermal Power

In the present study, a specific and simple second law based exergoeconomic model with instant access to the production costs is introduced. The model is generalized for a case study of Shiraz solar thermal power plant with parabolic collectors for nominal power supply of 500 kW. Its applications include the evaluation of utility costs such as products or supplies of production plant, the energy costs between process operations of an energy converter such as production of an industry. Also attempt is made to minimize objective function including investment cost of the equipments and cost of exergy destruction for finding optimum operating condition for such plant.

Capacity Planning for Cluster Tools of Wafer Fabrication Plant

2010 ◽  
Vol 450 ◽  
pp. 365-368
Author(s):  
James C. Chen ◽  
Chia Wen Chen ◽  
Kou Huang Chen ◽  
Chien Hsin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Planning ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Wafer Fabrication ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Output Rate ◽  
Cluster Tools ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Capital Intensive

Wafer fabrication is a capital intensive industry. A 12-inch wafer fabrication plant needs a typical investment of US$ 3 billion, and the equipment cost constitutes about two-thirds to three-quarters of the total production costs. Therefore, capacity planning is crucial to the investment and performance of wafer fabrication plants. Several formulae are presented to calculate the required number of machines with sequential, parallel, and batch processing characteristics, respectively. An AutoSched AP simulation model using data from real foundry fabrication plants is used in a case study to evaluate the performance of the proposed formulae. Simulation results indicate that the proposed formulae can quickly and accurately calculate the required number of cluster tools leading to the required monthly output rate.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEPUTUSAN PETANI DALAM MELAKUKAN ALIH FUNGSI LAHAN SAWAH MENJADI KEBUN KELAPA SAWIT DI KECAMATAN TANJUNG LAGO KABUPATEN BANYUASIN

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Gusti Fitriyana
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Farmer Groups ◽  
Conversion Rules ◽  
Level 2

ABSTRACTThis study aims to: (1) find out what factors influence farmers' decisions in transferring land functions, and (2) formulate control strategies for land conversion. The method used in this study is a case study method, which is the sample unit is farmers who are still planting paddy fields and farmers who have converted land into oil palm plantations. Data analysis method to answer the first problem using logistic regression analysis, while to answer the second problem using SWOT-Classic analysis. The conclusions of this study are (1) the factors that significantly influence the decision of farmers in transferring land functions are income, production costs and education level, (2) the formulation of strategies that can be recommended based on the results of the SWOT analysis conducted as follows: (a) determine the rice field area of food crops in each village in Tanjung Lago Subdistrict, accompanied by socialization of land conversion rules, (b) Make improvements to the tidal land reclamation network in Tanjung Lago sub-district and encourage farmer groups in network management tidal land reclamation.ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) mengetahui factor apa saja yang berpengaruh terhadap keputusan petani dalam melakukan alih fungsi lahan, dan (2) merumuskan strategi pengendalian alih fungsi lahan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode studi kasus, yang menjadi unit sampelnya adalah petani yang masih menanam padi sawah dan petani yang telah melakukan alih fungsi lahan menjadi kebun kelapa sawit. Metode analisis data untuk menjawab permasalahan pertama menggunakan analisis regresi logistic, sedangkan untuk menjawab permasalahan kedua menggunakan analisis SWOT-Klasik. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) factor-faktor yang berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap keputusan petani dalam melakukan alih fungsi lahan adalah pendapatan, biaya produksi dan tingkat pendidikan, (2) rumusan strategi yang bisa direkomendasikan berdasarkan hasil analisis SWOT yang dilakukan adalah sebagai berikut : (a) menetapkan zona lahan persawahan tanaman pangan di masing-masing desa di wilayah Kecamatan Tanjung Lago, disertai dengan  sosialisasi tentang aturan alih fungsi lahan, (b) Melakukan  perbaikan jaringan reklamasi rawa pasang surut di kecamatan Tanjung Lago serta mendorong kelompok tani  dalam pengelolaan jaringan reklamasi rawa pasang surut. 

scholarly journals A case study on availability of sensor data in agent cooperation

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-615
Author(s):  
Christian Johansson ◽  
Fredrik Wernstedt ◽  
Paul Davidsson
Keyword(s):  
Production Costs ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Problem Characteristic ◽  
Agent Cooperation

Multi-agent cooperation can in several cases be used in order to mitigate problems relating to task sharing within physical processes. In this paper we apply agent based solutions to a class of problems defined by their property of being predictable from a macroscopic perspective while being highly stochastic when viewed at a microscopic level. These characteristic properties can be found in several industrial processes and applications, e.g. within the energy market where the production and distribution of electricity follow this pattern. Another defining problem characteristic is that the supply is usually limited as well as consisting of several layers of differentiating production costs. We evaluate and compare the performance of the agent system in three different scenarios, and for each such scenario it is shown to what degree the optimization system is dependent on the level of availability of sensor data.

Biodiversity and Wine, a Nice Wedding: Saumur–Champigny in the Varinelles Domaine (Loire Valley, France)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Noblet ◽  
Yvon Pesqueux ◽  
Eric Simon
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
New Information ◽  
Ecological Conservation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Loire Valley ◽  
Cost Equation

Since 2004, the 130 winegrowers of the Saumur–Champigny appellation d’origine controlee have been committed to biodiversity. In a sector sometimes resistant to change, and indeed for the first time in France, winegrowers have chosen more ecological weed control methods and concentrated on creating and maintaining plant hedges within zones écologiques reservoirs (ecological conservation areas)(ZER) ( Jarno, 2011 ). The growers’ Syndicate, backed by a powerful regional cooperative, rallied all its members and urged them to commit to the process. Collective awareness has driven the majority of winegrowers to ‘go organic’ and with the ultimate benefit of being awarded an organic label. But going organic is costly in terms of time, labour and finances and inevitably increases production costs. However, despite the less favourable cost equation, their business model is nonetheless effective, and most producers manage to sell their entire product. The aim of this case study is to show how some wine producers, in the quest for quality, have ‘looked outside the box’ for new information (for example: sustainable agriculture, biodiversity, biodynamics), assimilated that information and applied it to their own operation and production for improved commercial results.

How Economic Dependency Was Created Through the WTO: A Case Study of South Korea

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka Yi Fung
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Market ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Dependency ◽  
The World

Adapting the framework of dependency theory, the article asks how the economic dependency of less developed countries (LDCs) on developed countries (DCs) is created through free trade. This article uses South Korea’s entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) as a case study to illustrate this economic dependency creation process. Based on second-hand data from existing studies, the European Union, and the WTO, this article finds: (i) due to limited farmland size and high production costs, South Korean agricultural products cannot win a seat in the world market; (ii) the local agricultural sector was destroyed in South Korea because small farmers cannot earn a living by farming; and (iii) since the local agricultural sector cannot support the food demand in South Korea, South Korea now has to import a large amount of food. This article concludes that free trade actually destroys the local agricultural industry and the food security of South Korea, and consequently makes South Korea have to rely heavily on DCs for food import.

scholarly journals Effects of Households’ Fertilization Knowledge and Technologies on Over-Fertilization: A Case Study of Grape Growers in Shaanxi, China

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Caixia Xue ◽  
Tingting Zhang ◽  
Shunbo Yao ◽  
Yajun Guo
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Marginal Productivity ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Control Production ◽  
Loss Control ◽  
Part Model

Over-fertilization has caused serious environmental problems and high agricultural production costs at the household level in China. This study attempts to analyze the effects of grape growers’ fertilization knowledge and technologies on their over-fertilization behavior. Using survey data collected from 235 grape growers planting a particular grape (the “Hutai No. 8” grape) in Shaanxi, the marginal productivity of the chemical fertilizer (CF) as well as the effect of fertilizing knowledge and technologies on households’ over-fertilization behavior were examined, using the loss control production function and examining a two-part model, respectively. The results show that the average marginal productivity of the CF is 0.46 and that more than 75% of the participants were overusing CFs, with the probability and intensity of over-fertilization being lower when households have richer knowledge on how to determine the accurate fertilization time and match fertilizers with nutrient needs. The identification of nutrient deficiency symptoms has no significant effect on the over-fertilization behavior of households. In addition, the adoption of water and fertilizer integration technology (WFIT) can reduce both the probability and intensity of over-fertilization, while the adoption of the soil testing and formulated fertilization technique (STFFT) helps to reduce only the intensity of over-fertilization by households, but does not have a significant impact on the probability of over-fertilization. Therefore, policies aimed at reducing over-fertilization may focus on increasing households’ fertilization knowledge and adopting advanced technologies on fertilizer management.

A revised method for allocating the optimum number of similar machines to operators

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yossi Hadad ◽  
Baruch Keren
Keyword(s):  
Binomial Distribution ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Manufacturing Operations ◽  
Machine Interference

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a method to determine the optimal number of operators to be assigned to a given number of machines, as well as the number of machines that will be run by each operator (a numerical partition). This determination should be made with the objective of minimizing production costs or maximizing profits. Design/methodology/approach – The method calculates the machines interference rate via the binomial distribution function. The optimal assignment is calculated by transformation of a partition problem into a problem of finding the shortest path on a directed acyclic graph. Findings – The method enables the authors to calculate the adjusted cycle time, the workload of the operators, and the utility of the machines, as well as the production yield, the total cost per unit, and the hourly profit for each potential assignment of operators to machines. In a case study, the deviation of the output per hour of the proposed method from the actual value was about 2 percent. Practical implications – The paper provides formulas and tables that give machine interference rates through the application of binomial distribution. The practicability of the proposed method is demonstrated by a real-life case study. Originality/value – The method can be applied in a wide variety of manufacturing systems that use many identical machines. This includes tire presses in tire manufacturing operations, ovens in pastry manufacturing systems, textile machines, and so on.

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