Effects of cereal and protein source on performance, apparent ileal protein digestibility and intestinal characteristics in weaner piglets

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Carola Ellner ◽  
Beatriz Martínez-Vallespín ◽  
Eva-Maria Saliu ◽  
Jürgen Zentek ◽  
Ilen Röhe
Keyword(s):  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Protein Source

scholarly journals Insect Larvae Meal (Hermetia illucens) as a Sustainable Protein Source of Canine Food and Its Impacts on Nutrient Digestibility and Fecal Quality

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2525
Author(s):  
Amr Abd El-Wahab ◽  
Laura Meyer ◽  
Mareike Kölln ◽  
Bussarakam Chuppava ◽  
Volker Wilke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae

Insect larvae meal has been proposed as a sustainable protein source for animal diets. This study aimed to provide information on including black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFL; Hermetia illucens) in comparison to poultry meal (PM) in the canine diet with regard to digestibility and fecal characteristics. In light of this trend, the levels of PM or BSFL meal were added to replace about 30% of dry matter of the basic extruded diet. Six Beagle dogs (BW 9.64 kg) were included in a cross-over experiment. Dogs fed a BSFL meal-based diet showed higher (p < 0.05) apparent protein digestibility (82.3%) compared to those offered a PM-based diet (80.5%). Apparent digestibility for fat was higher (p < 0.05) in groups fed the BSFL meal-based diet (94.5%) compared to those offered the PM-based diet (91.6%). The fecal consistency scores for dogs fed both diets were within an acceptable range (well-formed and firm). Fecal dry matter content was higher (p < 0.05) for dogs fed the PM-based diet (33.0%) compared to those offered the BSFL meal-based diet (28.0%). Including BSFL meal in dog food can be an appropriate source of protein without any negative effects on nutrient digestibility and fecal quality.

White clover fractions as protein source for monogastrics: dry matter digestibility and protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 2557-2563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lene Stødkilde ◽  
Vinni K Damborg ◽  
Henry Jørgensen ◽  
Helle N Laerke ◽  
Søren K Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

scholarly journals Digestibility of Local Feed Ingredients in Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Juveniles, Determined on Faeces Collected by Siphoning or Stripping

Fishes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Francis Pius Mmanda ◽  
Jan Erik Lindberg ◽  
Anna Norman Haldén ◽  
Matern S. P. Mtolera ◽  
Rukia Kitula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Diet Formulation ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Tilapia Diet ◽  
Cattle Blood

Eight locally available protein source ingredients in Tanzania were selected for assessment of apparent digestibility (AD) in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, using faeces samples collected by siphoning or stripping. The selected protein source ingredients were Lake Victoria sardines (FM), brewers spent yeast (BSY), moringa leaves (ML), freshwater shrimp (FSH), marine shrimp (MSH), cattle blood (CB), duckweed (DW) and fish frames (FF). The AD (%) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) was unaffected (p > 0.782–0.901) by the faeces collection method (i.e., siphoning or stripping), with correlation coefficient (r) of 0.98, 0.99 and 0.93 between AD values for DM, OM and CP, respectively, following siphoning and stripping. The AD (%) of DM, OM, CP and gross energy (GE) in the test ingredients differed (p < 0.0001). The AD (%) of DM and OM was lowest in BSY and DW, followed in increasing order by ML, MSH, FF, FSH and CB. In general, the AD (%) of CP was high (>76%), but with a low value (46%) for DW. The AD (%) of GE was closely correlated (r = 0.96) with the AD of OM. In conclusion, FSH, MSH, CB, FF, BSY and ML have acceptable protein digestibility to be used in tilapia diet formulation.

scholarly journals Effect of protein source and enzyme supplementation on ileal protein digestibility and fattening performance in rabbits

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. García-Ruiz ◽  
J. García-Palomares ◽  
P. García-Rebollar ◽  
S. Chamorro ◽  
R. Carabaño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Fattening Performance ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation

Duckweed (Landoltia punctata) in dog diets decreases digestibility but improves stool consistency

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Y. Brown ◽  
M. Choct ◽  
J. R. Pluske
Keyword(s):  
Present Experiment ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Stool Consistency ◽  
Exogenous Enzyme ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Novel Protein

In the present experiment, duckweed is evaluated as a novel protein source for dogs by incorporating Landoltia punctata into dog diets at 10%, 20% and 30%. The inclusion of duckweed resulted in significant (P < 0.001) linear decreases in DM, gross energy and crude protein digestibility. The addition of the exogenous enzyme phytase significantly (P = 0.03) improved crude protein digestibility in the diet of 30% duckweed inclusion. The inclusion of duckweed in the diets had no significant effect on palatability, but resulted in firmer stools (P = 0.003).

scholarly journals A Comparison of Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score with Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score to Evaluate Protein Quality of Raw and Roasted Pistachio Nuts

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 680-680
Author(s):  
Hannah Bailey ◽  
Arianna Carughi ◽  
Hans Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acid ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Pistachio Nuts ◽  
Amino Acid Score

Abstract Objectives The objectives of this research were to determine the protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) and the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) for raw and roasted American pistachio nuts in growing pigs, and to assess the effect of roasting on these measures of protein quality. Methods Twelve ileal cannulated barrows (body weight: 60.9 ± 3.2 kg) were randomly allotted to a 2-period switch-back design with 3 diets and 4 replicate pigs per period. Roasted pistachio nuts and raw pistachio nuts (American cultivated pistachio nuts) were each added to a single diet as the only protein source, and the third diet was a nitrogen-free diet that was used to measure basal endogenous losses of AA. Experimental periods were 9 d with the initial 5 d for adaptation to the diets. On d 6 and 7, fecal samples were collected, and on d 8 and 9, ileal digesta samples were collected for 9 h each day. The PDCAAS and DIAAS were calculated according to the Food and Agriculture Organization. Results The standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of all indispensable AA, except Arg and Phe, was less (P &lt; 0.05) in roasted than in raw pistachio nuts. Raw pistachio nuts had a PDCAAS of 73 and roasted pistachio nuts had a PDCAAS of 81, calculated for children 2 to 5 yr, and the first limiting AA when compared to human requirements was Thr for both pistachio nuts. The DIAAS calculated for children older than 3 years, adolescents, and adults was 86 and 83 for raw and roasted pistachio nuts, respectively. The limiting AA in both raw and roasted pistachio nuts that determined the DIAAS for this age group was Lys. Conclusions Results of this research illustrate that raw and roasted pistachio nuts can be considered a good quality protein source with DIAAS greater than 75, however, heating conditions associated with roasting may decrease the digestibility of AA in pistachio nuts. Funding Sources The U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Agricultural Marketing Service. Product was supplied by the American Pistachio Growers.

scholarly journals The effect of condensed tannins from heated and unheated cottonseed on the ileal digestibility of amino acids for the growing rat and pig

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Yu ◽  
P. J. Moughant ◽  
T. N. Barry ◽  
W. C. McNabb
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Cottonseed Kernel ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Growing Rat

The effect of condensed tannins (CT) from heated and unheated cottonseed on the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids for the growing rat and pig was determined. In Expt 1, twenty-four rats were allocated to four semi-purified diets which contained cottonseed kernel and hulls as the only protein source. Two of the diets contained unheated solvent-extracted cottonseed kernel and hulls, while the remaining two diets contained similar material but which had been heat-treated by autoclaving at 110° for 120 min. In Expt 2, twelve rats and twelve pigs were fed on four semi-purified diets containing commercial cottonseed meal (CSM) as the only protein source. Cr2O3, was added to all diets as an indigestible marker. For each pair of diets in both experiments, PEG was either included or excluded. The effect of CT was assessed by comparing control animals (-PEG; CT acting) with PEG supplemented animals (+ PEG; CT inactivated). Ileal contents from the terminal 150 and 450 mm of ileum were collected at slaughter, 7 h from the start of feeding, for the rats and pigs respectively. Apparent ileal amino acid digestibility for rats fed on the diet containing cottonseed kernel and hulls was significantly depressed by the heat treatment, particularly for lysine and threonine. On average, apparent ileal amino acid digestibility in the diets without PEG was decreased from 0·80 to 0·70 by heat treatment. Dietary cottonseed CT depressed apparent ileal protein digestibility in the pig and in the rat. The addition of PEG to the diets significantly increased the apparent ileal digestibility of N and some amino acids for the pigs and the rats. The mean increase in apparent ileal digestibility due to PEG addition for the fourteen amino acids was 2 percentage units in both species fed on the commercial CSM diets, and 2 or 4 percentage units in rats fed on the unheated or the heated cottonseed kernel and hull diets respectively. The effect of PEG was similar in the heated and unheated cottonseed kernel and hulls for most amino acids, but apparent ileal digestibilities of threonine, tyrosine and lysine were increased more by PEG in heated than in unheated CSM. Apparent ileal N digestibility was lower in the pig than in the rat. For several of the amino acids there were significant animal species differences in apparent ileal digestibility. Studies into the effects of cottonseed CT should be carried out in the target animal species. The commercial CSM had a low apparent ileal amino acid digestibility overall, particularly for the essential amino acids lysine and threonine. It was concluded that effects of heating did not eliminate the reversible reactivity of cottonseed CT on amino acid digestion in rats and pigs but rather appeared to increase it for threoniw, tyrosine and lysine in Expt 1, causing large reductions in apparent ileal digestibility of these amino acids.

scholarly journals The effect of type and level of protein, fibre and starch on nitrogen excretion patterns in rats

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Beames ◽  
B. O. Eggum
Keyword(s):  
Potato Starch ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Raw Starch ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
True Protein ◽  
True Protein Digestibility

1. Three series of nitrogen balance experiments were performed with growing rats to test the effect of type and level of protein, fibre and starch on N excretion patterns. The design involved eighteen treatments in a 3×3×2 factorial experiment with five rats per dietary treatment. The eighteen treatments resulted from a combination of three protein treatments, three fibre treatments and two starch treatments. Protein treatments consisted of onelevel (15 g N/kg DM) of casein fortified with methionine, a protein of high digestibility, and two levels (15 and 20 g N/kg DM) of autoclaved brown beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), a protein source of low digestibility. The fibre treatments were two levels of cellulose powder and one level of barley hulls. The two starch treatments were autoclaved potato starch and autoclaved and raw potato starch (1:1, w/w).2. The inclusion of raw potato starch reduced true protein digestibility markedly when the protein source was casein, but the corresponding biological values were increased significantly with this treatment. This strongly indicated a movement of urea from the blood to the intestines. This assumption was also supported by significantly lower blood urea concentrations in animals given raw starch. The influence of raw starch on true protein digestibility was, however, significantly less when cellulose and barley hulls were included. This is probably due to reduced transit time from fibre inclusion. The nature of the gut contents also supported this hypothesis.3. The inclusion of raw potato starch when brown beans were the source of protein had much less effect on true protein digestibility and biological value than when casein was the protein source. This was probably due to the low digestibility of DM and protein in this food leaving sufficient energy and protein for maximum microbial growth. The inclusion of fibre also had little effect on N excretion patterns with the brown-bean diets.4. An increase in the level of brown bean inclusion reduced true protein digestibility only on the diets containing raw starch whereas the biological value was consistently reduced regardless of starch treatment. The lower biological values were associated with significantly higher blood urea concentrations. Increasing the level of brown bean inclusion also resulted in higher fresh weights of caecum, colon and contents.5. The present work proves that, through dietary manipulation, it is possible to affect nitrogen excretion patterns in rats.

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