Duckweed (Landoltia punctata) in dog diets decreases digestibility but improves stool consistency

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Y. Brown ◽  
M. Choct ◽  
J. R. Pluske
Keyword(s):  
Present Experiment ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Stool Consistency ◽  
Exogenous Enzyme ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Novel Protein

In the present experiment, duckweed is evaluated as a novel protein source for dogs by incorporating Landoltia punctata into dog diets at 10%, 20% and 30%. The inclusion of duckweed resulted in significant (P < 0.001) linear decreases in DM, gross energy and crude protein digestibility. The addition of the exogenous enzyme phytase significantly (P = 0.03) improved crude protein digestibility in the diet of 30% duckweed inclusion. The inclusion of duckweed in the diets had no significant effect on palatability, but resulted in firmer stools (P = 0.003).

scholarly journals Digestibility of Local Feed Ingredients in Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Juveniles, Determined on Faeces Collected by Siphoning or Stripping

Fishes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Francis Pius Mmanda ◽  
Jan Erik Lindberg ◽  
Anna Norman Haldén ◽  
Matern S. P. Mtolera ◽  
Rukia Kitula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Diet Formulation ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Tilapia Diet ◽  
Cattle Blood

Eight locally available protein source ingredients in Tanzania were selected for assessment of apparent digestibility (AD) in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, using faeces samples collected by siphoning or stripping. The selected protein source ingredients were Lake Victoria sardines (FM), brewers spent yeast (BSY), moringa leaves (ML), freshwater shrimp (FSH), marine shrimp (MSH), cattle blood (CB), duckweed (DW) and fish frames (FF). The AD (%) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) was unaffected (p > 0.782–0.901) by the faeces collection method (i.e., siphoning or stripping), with correlation coefficient (r) of 0.98, 0.99 and 0.93 between AD values for DM, OM and CP, respectively, following siphoning and stripping. The AD (%) of DM, OM, CP and gross energy (GE) in the test ingredients differed (p < 0.0001). The AD (%) of DM and OM was lowest in BSY and DW, followed in increasing order by ML, MSH, FF, FSH and CB. In general, the AD (%) of CP was high (>76%), but with a low value (46%) for DW. The AD (%) of GE was closely correlated (r = 0.96) with the AD of OM. In conclusion, FSH, MSH, CB, FF, BSY and ML have acceptable protein digestibility to be used in tilapia diet formulation.

scholarly journals Energy values and protein digestibility of soybean milk by-product in pigs based on in vitro assays

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Jung Yeol Sung ◽  
Bokyung Hong ◽  
Youngeun Song ◽  
Beob Gyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
Soybean Milk ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Swine Diets

Background: Soybean milk by-product (SMBP) is a potential alternative feed ingredient in swine diets due to its high protein content. However, information on energy and nutritional values of SMBP used as swine feed ingredient is limited. Objective: To estimate energy values and protein digestibility of SMBP in pigs based on in vitro assays. Methods: Four SMBP samples were obtained from 3 soybean milk-producing facilities. In vitro total tract disappearance (IVTTD) and in vitro ileal disappearance (IVID) of dry matter (DM) in the SMBP samples were determined. In vitro ileal disappearance of crude protein was determined by analyzing crude protein content in undigested residues after determining IVID of DM. Digestible and metabolizable energy of SMBP were estimated using gross energy, IVTTD of DM, and prediction equations. Results: Sample 4 had greater IVTTD of DM than that of sample 3 (97.7 vs. 94.4%, p<0.05), whereas IVID of DM in sample 4 was lower compared with sample 1 (53.5 vs. 65.0%, p<0.05). In vitro ileal disappearance of crude protein in sample 2 was greater than that in sample 1 and 3 (92.6 vs. 90.6 and 90.1%; p<0.05). The estimated metabolizable energy of SMBP ranged from 4,311 to 4,619 kcal/kg as-is basis and the value of sample 3 was the least (p<0.05) among SMBP samples. Conclusion: Energy values and protein digestibility should be determined before using SMBP in swine diets.

scholarly journals Effect of cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp) Stover dietary inclusion level on total tract apparent digestibility of nutrients in growing rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Ederson Américo Andrade ◽  
Miguel António Machado Rodrigues ◽  
Luis Ribeiro ◽  
Clayton Quirino Mendes ◽  
Luis Miguel Mendes Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Digestible Protein

Although agro-industrial co-products have low economic value as foods for human consumption, they may have potential value as animal feedstuffs. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of cowpea stover inclusion in rabbits’ diet on growth performance and nutrient digestibility. A total of 180 animals were randomly assigned to 3 treatments (CS0, CS2 or CS4, with no inclusion, 20 or 40 g/kg of cowpea stover, respectively). Animal performance was evaluated between the 53<sup>rd</sup> and 67<sup>th</sup> d of age in 48 animals per treatment. The coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and gross energy were measured between 63 to 67 d of age in 12 animals per treatment. Results showed that, in general, CTTAD values were not affected by the inclusion of cowpea stover. Nevertheless, a trend towards a decrease in crude protein digestibility (<em>P</em>=0.0848) was observed when including cowpea stover. This had a negative influence on digestible protein (P=0.0240) and on the ratio between digestible protein and digestible energy (<em>P</em>=0.0231) for diet CS4. Rabbits showed normal figures for growth rate (on av. 46.8 g/d), feed intake (on av. 168.3 g/d) and feed conversion ratio (on av. 3.61). Future studies should assess the possibility of incorporating higher levels of cowpea stover while analysing the economic impact of this inclusion.

scholarly journals Dynamical Hybrid System for Optimizing and Controlling Efficacy of Plant-Based Protein in Aquafeeds

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Serge Dossou ◽  
Mahmoud A. O. Dawood ◽  
Amr I. Zaineldin ◽  
Ibrahim A. Abouelsaad ◽  
Kumbukani Mzengereza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid System ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Paralichthys Olivaceus ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Olive Flounder ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Gross Energy

In this paper, a mathematical model was used to evaluate a dynamical hybrid system for optimizing and controlling the efficacy of plant-based protein in aquafeeds. Fishmeal (FM), raw rapeseed meal (RM), and a fermented meal with yeast (RM-Yeast) and fungi (Aspergillus oryzae RM-Koji) were used as test ingredients for the determination of apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid, energy, and essential amino acids (EAA) for olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus, 7 ± 0.02 g) using diets containing 0.5% Cr2O3 as an inert indicator. Among all ingredients tested, FM had the maximum ADC of dry matter ( P < 0.05 ), protein ( P < 0.05 ), lipid ( P > 0.05 ), and energy ( P > 0.05 ). Fermented meals (RM-Yeast and RM-Koji) showed higher ADC ( P < 0.05 ) of crude protein compared with RM, while there was no significance in ADCs of crude lipid and energy among different forms of rapeseed meal. Besides, ADC of crude lipid for RM-Yeast and RM-Koji, on the one hand, and ADC of gross energy for RM-Yeast, on the other hand, were not varied from that for FM ( P > 0.05 ). Amino acid digestibility reflects protein digestibility in most cases. Interestingly, protease, lipase, and amylase activities were better expressed in RM-Koji, RM-Yeast, and FM over RM, respectively. The current results deliver important information on nutrients and energy bioavailability in raw and fermented RM, which can be implemented to accurately formulate applied feeds for olive flounder. Compared with other applicable systems, the complexity of the approach implemented has been considerably reduced.

EFFECTS OF INCREASING THE ENERGY VALUE OF A WHOLE MILK DIET FOR CALVES. I. NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND NITROGEN RETENTION

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. LODGE ◽  
E. E. LISTER
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Holstein Calves

In each of four metabolism trials using male Holstein calves, the biological value (BV) of whole milk protein was improved by increasing the energy:protein ratio through addition of glucose or butterfat. Cow’s milk, which provided 21.7–23.8 kcal digestible energy (DE)/g digestible crude protein (DCP) had a BV of 73–78, whereas supplementation with glucose to provide 28 kcal DE/g DCP increased the BV to 84–86. Higher levels of glucose providing 31–32 kcal DE/g DCP tended to further elevate the BV to 87–89 but some diarrhea occurred in younger calves. Attempts to provide larger quantities of energy by increasing the amount of glucose resulted in severe diarrhea and the consistent detection of glucose in the feces. Except where the diarrhea was severe, digestibilities of dry matter and gross energy were not affected by increasing quantities of glucose in the diet. Protein digestibility, however, was depressed in each metabolism trial when higher levels (8–10% glucose monohydrate) were added to whole milk.

Digestibility Studies on Venezuela Grass (Paspalum fasciculatum) and Plantain Pseudostalks (Musa paradisiaca)

1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
J. A. Arroyo ◽  
L. Rivera Brenes
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Gross Energy

A study was undertaken to determine the digestibility of Venezuela grass (Paspalum fasciculatum) and plantain pseudostalks (Musa paradisiaca). Two groups of four cows were fed separately with the two roughages. It was found that plantain pseudostalks were lower in dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy than Venezuela grass. Based on feed consumption and dry-matter intake, plantain pseudostalks were more palatable than Venezuela grass. The protein digestibility of Venezuela grass was higher than that of plantain pseudostalks. The reverse held for the energy digestibility.

scholarly journals 386 Effect of essential oil and exogenous enzyme on feed intake, digestibility and rumen fermentation of finishing cattle fed different roughage sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 153-154
Author(s):  
Laura B Toseti ◽  
Rodrigo S Goulart ◽  
Vinicius N Gouvêa ◽  
Tiago S Acedo ◽  
Guilherme S Vasconcellos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Exogenous Enzyme ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Vitamin Mixture ◽  
Corn Grain

Abstract Eight rumen-cannulated Nellore steers (327 ± 30 Kg BW) were used in a 4x4 duplicate Latin square to evaluate the effects of two feed additives (MON - Sodium Monensin 26 mg/kg DM vs. Crina® RumistarTM - combination of blend of essential oils - 90 mg/kg DM + exogenous α-amylase - 560 mg/kg DM, respectively; DSM Produtos Nutricionais Brasil S.A.) and two roughage sources at 10% of peNDF (CS - corn silage vs SB - sugarcane bagasse, on DM basis). Final diets contained 19.5% CS or 12% SB, corn grain (70.7 and 78.2% for CS and SB diets, respectively), 5.5% soybean meal, 4% mineral-vitamin mixture and 0.3% urea, on DM basis. The experimental periods had 14-d for adaptation and 5-d of collections. Data were analyzed with PROC MIXED of SAS and means compared by Tukey test. No interaction between additives and roughage sources was observed. Animals fed Crina® RumistarTM had 0.600 kg increase (P = 0.03) on DM intake and decreased (P = 0.01) apparent crude protein digestibility (CP; 75.3 vs. 77.5%, respectively) compared to MON. Animals fed SB presented greater apparent CP digestibility (77.6 vs 75.2%, respectively; P = 0.003) compared to CS. No difference in apparent NDF digestibility for additives and roughage source was observed. Animals fed Crina® RumistarTM had lower acetate concentration (P = 0.01) compared to MON on time 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 hours. Animals fed CS had higher acetate:propionate (P = 0.03) compared to SB at all collection times–24 hours. Ruminal ammonia-nitrogen was lower (P = 0.01) in animals fed Crina® RumistarTM compared to MON. To use Crina® RumistarTM increased DM intake and decreased ruminal ammonia-nitrogen compared to monensin, suggesting a higher CP by-passing the rumen. Crina® RumistarTM increased DM intake without negative impacts on nutrients digestibility, regardless roughage source, thus a higher amount of nutrients reaches the intestine to be absorbed and animal performance can be increased.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF THE ADDITION OF ENZYMES AND CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE TO PEA FLOUR USED FOR CALF MILK REPLACERS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BELL ◽  
B. E. HARVEY ◽  
G. I. CHRISTISON
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Enzyme Level ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Amylolytic Enzymes ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Pea Flour ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Milk Replacers

In experiment 1, milk replacers comprising 45% field peas with high or low levels of supplemental proteolytic and amylolytic enzymes were fed to 4 to 17-day-old Holstein-Friesian calves. Each replacer was also fed with 3% additional carboxymethylcellulose. Gross energy digestibility and crude protein digestibility were both higher for the control replacer than the enzyme-treated rations. Digestibilities increased with age but there were no significant differences due to enzyme level or carboxymethylcellulose. In experiment 2, pea flour was treated with commercial proteolytic, starch-thinning and amylolytic enzymes. From 3 days of age, calves were fed milk replacers where treated pea flour supplied 0, 25, 50 or 75% of the dietary protein. There were no differences (P <.05) between ration groups in diarrhea status. Across regimens, gross energy digestibility and crude protein digestibility did not increase with age to 10 days. Nor were any differences in digestibility caused by starting to feed pea products at 4 rather than 10 days. Gross energy digestibilities in 15-day-old calves were 90, 87, 87 and 73%, respectively; protein digestibilities were 78, 68, 68 and 39%, respectively, as the proportion of pea protein increased from 0 to 75% of the diet. The enzymatic treatment of pea flour was not effective in making the product a suitable dietary ingredient for calves under 21 days of age.

scholarly journals Nutritional value of amaranth (genus Amaranthus L.) grain in diets for broiler chickens

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 568-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Písaříková ◽  
Z. Zralý ◽  
S. Kráčmar ◽  
M. Trčková ◽  
I. Herzig
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Amaranth Grain ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Vitro Protein

The following characteristics were determined in raw and popped amaranth grain: crude protein (158.1 and 168.5 g/kg), ether extract (71.5 and 69.4 g/kg), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (99.2 and 111.8 g/kg), cellulose (86.6 and 60.0 g/kg) and essential amino acids (Cys 4.2 and 4.1, Thr 6.0 and 6.5, Ala 8.8 and 9.2, Val 6.8 and 7.4, Ile 5.2 and 5.6, Lys 9.2 and 8.8, Arg 12.8 and 14.2 g/kg). In vitro protein digestibility was 68.1 and 50.6% in raw and popped amaranth grain, respectively. In balance experiments with broiler chickens ROSS 308 the following coefficients of apparent digestibility (%) were determined for control and experimental diets containing 0, 10% raw and 10% popped amaranth: crude protein 85.4, 86.5 and 83.0, ether extract 88.3, 88.2 and 86.1, NDF 21.2, 27.6 and 15.9, cellulose 25.0, 38.4 and 36.3, nitrogen free extractives 76.1, 82.6 and 81.1, organic matter 77.3, 81.8 and 80.6, gross energy 77.5, 80.6 and 78.2. &nbsp;

DIGESTIBILITY AND FEEDING VALUE OF FROST-DAMAGED CANOLA SEED (LOW GLUCOSINOLATE RAPESEED) FOR GROWING PIGS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BELL ◽  
M. O. KEITH ◽  
W. S. KOWALENKO
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Ground Seed ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Whole Seed

Digestibility trials with 57-kg pigs were conducted on blended canola seed (B. napus 'Regent') containing 20, 45 and 65% frost-damage fed in conjunction with a barley, wheat, soybean meal basal diet, supplemented with minerals and vitamins. The seed was fed whole, ground, pelleted and ammoniated. The seed contained, per kilogram, 18–20% crude protein, 22–35% ether extract, and 21.7–24.5 MJ gross energy. Glucosinolate concentrations were 15–33 μmole/g, oil-free basis. Grinding improved energy digestibility of the seed per se from an average of 34.4 to 62.8% and protein digestibility from 17.0 to 65.3%. Pelleting improved energy digestibility of whole seed from 31.6 to 65.5% and grinding before pelleting gave 69.2%. Pelleting, in addition to grinding, did not further improve protein digestibility over grinding alone. Ammoniation improved the digestibility of energy in ground seed from 61.2 to 66.9% and in ground pelleted seed from 69.2 to 72.4%. Ammoniation increased protein digestibility in ground seed from 61.6 to 65.2% and in pelleted seed from 62.1 to 63.1%, corrected for ammonia intake which was assumed to be of little value to the pig. Digestible energy values of processed seed were 15.6 to 17.7 MJ/kg and digestible crude protein values were 12.3 to 14.0% of dry matter. Frost-damaged canola seed was shown to be worth 20–50% more than good barley. Key words: Rapeseed, frost damage, digestibility, pigs, feeding value

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