Of Catholicism, Forest and Management: An Analysis of Imaginaries in the Discussion of the Native Forest Law in Chile

SummarySubtropical dry forests are among the largest and most threatened terrestrial biomes worldwide. In Argentina, the Native Forest Law (NFL) was passed in 2007 to regulate deforestation by mandating the provincial zonation of forested areas, while the erection of fences has been an increasingly common mechanism of private-land control reinforcement in the region; this is mainly fuelled by imminent land-use changes, recent land transactions or subsidies from the NFL. We explored the dynamics between the erection of fences and deforestation in the Northern Argentinian Dry Chaco (NADC) during the implementation of the NFL. We found that a third of land deforested during 2000–2017 had been previously fenced, with the highest percentage (44%) occurring during the sanction of the NFL (2007) and the completion of the forest-zonation maps (2011). Only 34% of deforestation within fenced areas occurred in zones where deforestation was legally permitted. In total, 327 386 ha of forests had been fenced within NADC by 2017, representing areas of potential access restriction for local people, who historically used forest resources for survival. Additionally, 57% of the fenced area occurred in zones where deforestation was restricted. A novel remote-sensing application can serve as an early-warning tool for deforestation.

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Biocomplexity of introduced avian diseases in Hawai`i: threats to biodiversity of native forest ecosystems

Fact Sheet ◽

10.3133/fs20053139 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Bethany L. Woodworth ◽

Carter T. Atkinson ◽

Michael D. Samuel ◽

Dennis A. LaPointe ◽

Paul C. Banko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Native Forest ◽

Avian Diseases

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Waldpolitischer Jahresrückblick 2013

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2014.0105 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 165 (5) ◽

pp. 105-112

Author(s):

Willi Zimmermann

Keyword(s):

Spatial Planning ◽

Forest Policy ◽

Federal Court ◽

Annual Review ◽

Lower Court ◽

Forest Exploitation ◽

Forest Law ◽

Harmful Organisms ◽

European Forest ◽

The One

Annual review of forest policy 2013 At the federal level, forest policy in 2013 was marked by a high number of implementation tasks on the one hand, and by the preparation of a renewed revision of the Forest Law on the other hand. The latter involved not only formal changes to individual legal articles, but also new regulations to protect against dangerous and harmful organisms, about the advancement of timber production and climate change adaptation. The traditional implementation tasks in 2013 included the approval of the budget, the controlling of different program agreements, the processing of parliamentary interventions as well as providing diverse documents. Particularly noteworthy this past year was a Federal Court decision, which, in contradiction to the cantonal lower court, classified test-drilling in a forest as a disadvantageous non-forest exploitation that requires authorization. At the international level, the adoption of a European Forest Convention was hindered primarily because the decision about the location of the secretariat stalled. In terms of forest-relevant policies, particularly spatial planning and energy policy can be expected to have noticeable effects on forests.

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Der Wald im Lichte der neueren bundesgerichtlichen Rechtsprechung | Forest legislation in the recent jurisdiction of the Federal Supreme Court

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2009.0263 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 160 (9) ◽

pp. 263-274

Author(s):

Alois Keel ◽

Willi Zimmermann

Keyword(s):

Supreme Court ◽

Federal Law ◽

Large Scope ◽

Forest Law ◽

Federal Jurisdiction ◽

Forest Legislation ◽

Definition Of ◽

Forest Status ◽

Area Planning ◽

Federal Supreme

With the entry into force of the new Swiss Federal Law on Forests on the 1st of January 1993, the basis of decision-making for the Federal Supreme Court concerning forestry issues has, at least formally, fundamentally changed. This article depicts the development of the Federal Supreme Court's jurisdiction during 2000–2008 concerning the legislation on forests. The analysis of about 100 decisions reveals that the federal jurisdiction has, with regard to contents, barely changed in comparison to that of the federal law on supervision of the forest police of 1902. The most frequent causes of dispute are assessments of forest status, authorizations for deforestation, and forest distance regulations. The Federal Supreme Court merely refined the jurisdiction; it did not, or did not need to disclose fundamentally new lines [benchmarks]. It rather adheres to the restrictive definition of forest and the strict conservation of forests, while the cantons do not dispose of a large scope for the deforestation jurisdiction or the definition of the term “forest”. The Federal Supreme Court grants the cantons more freedom to regulate and implement the forest distance. Obvious changes can be observed concerning the number of forest law cases that have been dealt with by the Federal Supreme Court. Compared to the 1980ies and early 1990ies, they have decreased by more than half. Among others, reasons for this decrease are the cantons' obligation to appoint courts only as last cantonal resort, the improvement of the formal and material coordination of the proceedings, and the introduction of the “static forest term” with respect to building zones in the sense of the federal law on area planning.

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Waldpolitischer Jahresrückblick 2014

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2015.0238 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 166 (4) ◽

pp. 238-245

Author(s):

Willi Zimmermann ◽

Kathrin Steinmann ◽

Eva Lieberherr

Keyword(s):

Public Administration ◽

Spatial Planning ◽

Forest Policy ◽

Federal Court ◽

Annual Review ◽

Forest Sector ◽

Court Decisions ◽

The Public ◽

Forest Law ◽

Council Of State

Annual review of Swiss forest policy 2014 Swiss forest policy in 2014 was marked by the passage of the Federal Council's message and draft of an amendment of the Forest Law, which was also treated by the Council of State's Commission for Environment, Spatial Planning and Energy and by the Council of State itself. This revision affects more than 20 articles of the current Forest Law. Despite these numerous alterations, the revision has not caused major debates. The forest-relevant parliamentary interventions decreased drastically in 2014, but since the beginning of 2015 a countertrend is notable. The forest budget remained practically the same as in previous years. The number of federal court decisions in relation to the forest sector has stayed small. Yet there are increasingly significant cantonal court decisions in this domain. In terms of broader forest policy, the public administration has mainly undertaken new standpoints regarding spatial planning and energy policies.

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Waldpolitischer Jahresrückblick 2010 | Annual review of swiss forest policy 2010

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2011.0137 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 162 (5) ◽

pp. 137-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Willi Zimmermann

Keyword(s):

Spatial Planning ◽

Forest Conservation ◽

Forest Policy ◽

Value Added ◽

Political Agenda ◽

Annual Review ◽

Forest Law ◽

One Step ◽

Climate Convention ◽

Article 5

In 2010, there were no major forest policy issues that attracted media attention. The year 2010 was rather marked by the preparation of decisions “offstage” and by recurring administrative implementation activities. The partial revision of the forest law, which has been launched, can be regarded as special, because it is not a routine affair: the Committee for the Environment, Spatial Planning and Energy of the Council of States decided to revise particularly article 7 (compensation for deforestation) and article 10 (assessing forest status) of the forest law, and thus loosen the strict regime for forest conservation. Concerning the sectoral policies related to forest, the parliament took the law on spatial planning (RPG) one step further towards its revision. With the proposed revision of the spatial planning law's article 5 (value-added charge) a forest policy relevant article is now up for discussion. Different forest relevant topics on the international political agenda were discussed during the two international conferences on biodiversity and climate convention just as during the treatment of the alpine and the landscape convention. Next year the discussions will presumably be about the future forest conservation policy.

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Density and morphological characterization of bacteria in integrated and exclusive production systems

Scientific Electronic Archives ◽

10.36560/13920201194 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

A. R. B. Zanco ◽

A. Ferreira ◽

G. C. M. Berber ◽

E. N. Gonzaga ◽

D. C. C. Sabino

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Community ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Production Systems ◽

Cropping System ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Native Forest ◽

Exclusive Production ◽

Colony Forming Units

The different integrated production systems can directly interfere with its bacterial community. The present study aimed to assess density, bacterial diversity and the influence of dry and rainy season in different integrated and an exclusive production system. The fallow and a native forest area was assessed to. Samples were collected in 2012 March and September. The isolation were carried out into Petri dishes containing DYGS medium. The number of colony forming units (CFU) was counted after 48 hours and. The bacterial density ranged between 106 and 107 CFU g-1 soil. The crop system affected the dynamics of the bacterial community only in the rainy season. The rainy season showed greater density of total bacteria when compared to the dry period regardless of the cropping system. The dendrograms with 80 % similarity showed thirteen and fourteen groups in the rainy and dry seasons. Isolates with the capacity to solubilize phosphate in vitro were obtained from all areas in the two seasons, but this feature has been prevalent in bacteria isolated during the rainy season

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Indonesian Law

10.1093/oso/9780199677740.001.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tim Lindsey ◽

Simon Butt

Keyword(s):

Environmental Law ◽

Customary Law ◽

State Agencies ◽

Court Decisions ◽

Banking Competition ◽

Inheritance System ◽

Wide Range ◽

Forest Law ◽

Comprehensive Survey ◽

The Law

This book explains Indonesia’s complex legal system and how it works. Covering a wide range of substantive topics from public to private law, including commercial, criminal, and constitutional law, it is the first comprehensive survey of Indonesian law in English. Offering clear answers to practical problems of current law, each chapter sets out relevant laws and leading court decisions, accompanied by an explanation of how the law works in practice, with an analytical critique. The book begins with an account of Indonesia’s Constitution and the key state agencies, before moving to the lawmaking process, decentralization, the judicial system and court procedure, and the legal profession (advocates, notaries, and legal aid). Part II covers traditional customary law (adat), land law, and environmental law, including forest law. Part III focuses on criminal law and procedure, including investigation, arrest, trial, sentencing, and appeals. It also covers human rights law and the law on corruption. Part IV deals with civil law, and covers civil liability, contracts, companies and other business vehicles, labour, foreign investment, taxation, insolvency, banking, competition, and media law. The book concludes in Part V with an account of Indonesia’s complex family law and inheritance system for both Muslims and non-Muslims. The book has an extensive glossary of legal terms, and detailed tables of legislation and court decisions, designed as unique resources for lawyers, policymakers, and researchers.

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Effects of Wollastonia biflora expansion on the soil seed bank in native forest communities on a tropical coral island

Global Ecology and Conservation ◽

10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01403 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. e01403

Author(s):

Yao Huang ◽

Hai Ren ◽

Jun Wang ◽

Nan Liu ◽

Shuguang Jian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Bank ◽

Soil Seed Bank ◽

Native Forest ◽

Forest Communities ◽

Tropical Coral ◽

Coral Island

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Inter- and Intra-Continental Genetic Variation in the Generalist Conifer Wood Saprobic Fungus Phlebiopsis gigantea

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12060751 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 751

Author(s):

Francesco Dovana ◽

Paolo Gonthier ◽

Matteo Garbelotto

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Genetic Differentiation ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

North American ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Coniferous Forests ◽

Native Forest ◽

Western North America ◽

Phlebiopsis Gigantea ◽

Conifer Wood

Phlebiopsis gigantea (Fr.) Jülich is a well-known generalist conifer wood saprobe and a biocontrol fungus used in several world countries to prevent stump infection by tree pathogenic Heterobasidion fungal species. Previous studies have reported the presence of regional and continental genetic differentiation in host-specific fungi, but the presence of such differentiation for generalist wood saprobes such as P. gigantea has not been often studied or demonstrated. Additionally, little information exists on the distribution of this fungus in western North America. The main purposes of this study were: (I) to assess the presence of P. gigantea in California, (II) to explore the genetic variability of P. gigantea at the intra and inter-continental levels and (III) to analyze the phylogeographic relationships between American and European populations. Seven loci (nrITS, ML5–ML6, ATP6, RPB1, RPB2, GPD and TEF1-α) from 26 isolates of P. gigantea from coniferous forests in diverse geographic distribution and from different hosts were analyzed in this study together with 45 GenBank sequences. One hundred seventy-four new sequences were generated using either universal or specific primers designed in this study. The mitochondrial ML5–ML6 DNA and ATP6 regions were highly conserved and did not show differences between any of the isolates. Conversely, DNA sequences from the ITS, RPB1, RPB2, GPD and TEF1-α loci were variable among samples. Maximum likelihood analysis of GPD and TEF1-α strongly supported the presences of two different subgroups within the species but without congruence or geographic partition, suggesting the presence of retained ancestral polymorphisms. RPB1 and RPB2 sequences separated European isolates from American ones, while the GPD locus separated western North American samples from eastern North American ones. This study reports the presence of P. gigantea in California for the first time using DNA-based confirmation and identifies two older genetically distinct subspecific groups, as well as three genetically differentiated lineages within the species: one from Europe, one from eastern North America and one from California, with the latter presumably including individuals from the rest of western North America. The genetic differentiation identified here among P. gigantea individuals from coniferous forests from different world regions indicates that European isolates of this fungus should not be used in North America (or vice versa), and, likewise, commercially available eastern North American P. gigantea isolates should not be used in western North America forests. The reported lack of host specificity of P. gigantea was documented by the field survey and further reinforces the need to only use local isolates of this biocontrol fungus, given that genetically distinct exotic genotypes of a broad generalist microbe may easily spread and permanently alter the microbial biodiversity of native forest ecosystems.

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