Pre-arrest drug use and associated risk factors among incarcerated offenders in China

Abstract Background With increasing frequencies of non-fatal overdose in people who inject drugs (PWID), it is essential to improve our knowledge about associated risk factors for overdose to inform overdose prevention and assistance programs. The aim of present study was to determine the prevalence of non-fatal overdose and the associated risk factors among PWID in Tehran, Iran. Methods Snowball sampling was used to collect data from 465 participants in Tehran using a cross-sectional survey. Consenting participants who reported drug injecting in the past month and were able to speak and comprehend Farsi enough to respond to survey questions were interviewed. The endpoint of interest was non-fatal overdose in the previous 6 months, or answering “Yes” to the question: “In the last six months, have you ever overdosed by accident? (at least once)”. We used STATA v. 14 for this analysis. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05 for all analyses. Results Of 465 PWIDs who participated in this study, all were male, and about half had less than a high school education. The prevalence of self-reported non-fatal overdose in the past 6 months was 38% (CI95%: 34, 43%). Our findings indicate that characteristics and behaviors that were associated with an increased risk of experiencing an overdose in the past 6 months were drug use initiation under 22 years (AOR =2.2, P < 0.05), using methamphetamine (AOR =2.8, P < 0.05), and using multiple drugs at the same time (AOR =2.1, P < 0.05). Also, more recent initiates to injecting (< 2 years) had an increased risk of experiencing an overdose in the past 6 months. The odds of experiencing a non-fatal overdose among PWIDs who regularly attended NSP were 0.6 times less than for those who did not attend regularly (OR = 0.6,95% CI: 0.2–0.9). Conclusion Methamphetamine and alcohol use were the most significant association for non-fatal overdose among PWIDs. Our results indicate that intervention and prevention initiatives seeking to reduce overdoses among PWIDs should not only be focused on the primary drug used but also the use of alcohol and poly-drug use.

Download Full-text

High Burden of Self-Reported Sexually Transmitted Infections among Key Populations in Mozambique: The Urgent Need for an Integrated STI Surveillance System

10.21203/rs.3.rs-28369/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Makini A.S. Boothe ◽

Charlotte Comé ◽

Cynthia Semá Baltazar ◽

Noela Chicuecue ◽

Jessica Seleme ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Drug Use ◽

Sex Work ◽

Surveillance System ◽

Self Report ◽

Key Populations ◽

Risk Behaviours ◽

High Burden ◽

Prevention Services ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Key populations - men who have sex with men (MSM), female sex workers (FSW) and people who inject drugs (PWID) – are at high risk for STI infection given their sexual risk behaviours along with social, legal and structural barriers to prevention, care and treatment services. The purpose of this secondary analysis is to assess the prevalence of self-reported STIs among participations of the first Biological Behavioural Surveillance (BBS) in Mozambique and to describe associated risk factors.Methods: Responses from the first BBS surveys conducted in 2011-2014 were aggregated across survey-cities to produce pooled estimates for each population. Aggregate RDS-weighted estimates were computed to analyse self-reported STI prevalence. Unweighted pooled estimates were used in multivariable logistic regression to identify associated risk factors. Results: The prevalence of self-reported STI was 11.9% (95% CI: 7.8-16.0), 33.6% (95% CI: 29.0-41.3), and 22.0% (95% CI: 17.0-27.0) among MSM, FSW and PWID, respectively. MSM who were circumcised, had HIV, reported drug use, reported receptive anal sex, and non-condom use with their last male partner had greater odds of STI self-report. STI-self report among FSW was associated with living in Beira, being married, employment aside from sex work, physical violence, sexual violence, drug use, access to comprehensive HIV prevention services, non-condom use with last client, and sexual relationship with a non-client romantic partner. Among PWID, risk factors for self-reported STI infection included living in Nampula, access to HIV prevention services, and sex work.Conclusion: The high-burden of STIs among survey participants requires integrated HIV and STI prevention, treatment, and harm reduction services that address overlapping risk behaviours, especially injection drug use and sex work. A robust public health response requires the creation of a national STI surveillance system for better screening and diagnostic procedures within these vulnerable populations.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of illicit drug use in young Australian women, patterns of use and associated risk factors

Addiction ◽

10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00525.x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 98 (10) ◽

pp. 1419-1426 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Cathy Turner ◽

Anne Russell ◽

Wendy Brown

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Drug Use ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Illicit Drug Use ◽

Patterns Of Use ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Download Full-text

Cigarette, Alcohol, and Other Drug Use by School-Age Pregnant Adolescents: Prevalence, Detection, and Associated Risk Factors

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.90.3.328 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 328-334

Author(s):

Patricia K. Kokotailo ◽

Hoover Adger ◽

Anne K. Duggan ◽

Alain Joffe ◽

John Repke

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Drug Use ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Self Report ◽

School Age ◽

Medical Provider ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Pregnant Adolescents ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Urine Screen

Use of cigarettes, alcohol, and other drugs among pregnant adolescents is just beginning to be documented. This study sought to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of cigarette, alcohol, and other drug use among school-age adolescents attending a comprehensive teenage pregnancy program. All enrollees completed a self-administered questionnaire and provided a breath sample for carbon monoxide analysis. Urine was obtained for quantitative determination of drug metabolites at the initial and one third-trimester visit. A chart review determined medical provider recognition of cigarette, alcohol, and other drug use. Results were analyzed for 93% of 229 eligible patients. Seventeen percent were positive for alcohol or other drug use by questionnaire self-report, provider report, or initial urine screen. Eleven percent were positive by urine screen alone at either the initial or third-trimester visit. Medical providers were successful in identifying nearly all of the cigarette smokers, but fewer than half of the alcohol drinkers and few of the other drug users. Forward stepwise multiple regression determined the most efficient model for predicting alcohol and other drug use. A report of having been high at school and personal or friends' use of cigarettes were the most significant risk factors. Results indicate a high prevalence of alcohol and other drug use and suggest a need for changes in current practice related to the detection and management of such drug use in pregnant adolescents.

Download Full-text