Prevalence of Alcohol Consumption and Hazardous Drinking, Tobacco and Drug Use in Urban Tanzania, and Their Associated Risk Factors

Background: Hypertension is a progressive cardiovascular syndrome arising from complex and interrelated etiologies. Males have slightly higher prevalence than female in most of countries of Southeast-Asian region.Objective: The objective of study is to find out prevalence and the risk factors of hypertension at Sipaghat, Sindhulchowk, Nepal.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Sipaghat of Sindhupalchowk district in May 2016 and 260 persons were selected randomly. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was higher in male (25.4%) than female (17.4%). Mean age of study population was 42.08 years with standard deviation, 15.95 years. Variables namely age group, smoking, alcohol consumption and family history of hypertension were found to be significant at 5 percent level of significance. Alcohol consumption and smokers have more than two times higher chance of getting hypertension compared to alcohol non-consumer and nonsmoker with 95% confidence intervals were 1.08-4.80 and 1.21-6.10, respectively. Persons with family history of hypertension have 3.8 times more chance of getting hypertension compared to no family history of hypertension with 1.89-7.61 of 95% confidence interval.Conclusion: Lifestyle modification reduces blood pressure which prevents or delays the incidence of hypertension. Hypertension can be controlled and prevented by modifying the lifestyle. People should be advised to avoid modifiable risk factors of hypertension like smoking, consumption of alcohol and physical inactivity through health education programs.Nepalese Journal of Statistics, 2017, Vol. 1, 73-82

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Non -fatal overdose among people who inject drugs in Tehran, Iran

Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy ◽

10.1186/s13011-020-00323-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mehdi Noroozi ◽

Peter Higgs ◽

Azadeh Bayani ◽

Bahram Armoon ◽

Ali Nazeri Astaneh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Drug Use ◽

People Who Inject Drugs ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

The Past ◽

Fatal Overdose ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Multiple Drugs

Abstract Background With increasing frequencies of non-fatal overdose in people who inject drugs (PWID), it is essential to improve our knowledge about associated risk factors for overdose to inform overdose prevention and assistance programs. The aim of present study was to determine the prevalence of non-fatal overdose and the associated risk factors among PWID in Tehran, Iran. Methods Snowball sampling was used to collect data from 465 participants in Tehran using a cross-sectional survey. Consenting participants who reported drug injecting in the past month and were able to speak and comprehend Farsi enough to respond to survey questions were interviewed. The endpoint of interest was non-fatal overdose in the previous 6 months, or answering “Yes” to the question: “In the last six months, have you ever overdosed by accident? (at least once)”. We used STATA v. 14 for this analysis. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05 for all analyses. Results Of 465 PWIDs who participated in this study, all were male, and about half had less than a high school education. The prevalence of self-reported non-fatal overdose in the past 6 months was 38% (CI95%: 34, 43%). Our findings indicate that characteristics and behaviors that were associated with an increased risk of experiencing an overdose in the past 6 months were drug use initiation under 22 years (AOR =2.2, P < 0.05), using methamphetamine (AOR =2.8, P < 0.05), and using multiple drugs at the same time (AOR =2.1, P < 0.05). Also, more recent initiates to injecting (< 2 years) had an increased risk of experiencing an overdose in the past 6 months. The odds of experiencing a non-fatal overdose among PWIDs who regularly attended NSP were 0.6 times less than for those who did not attend regularly (OR = 0.6,95% CI: 0.2–0.9). Conclusion Methamphetamine and alcohol use were the most significant association for non-fatal overdose among PWIDs. Our results indicate that intervention and prevention initiatives seeking to reduce overdoses among PWIDs should not only be focused on the primary drug used but also the use of alcohol and poly-drug use.

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Perceived Neighborhood Characteristics and Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence: A Multilevel Analysis

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260520906183 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 088626052090618 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Elyse J. Thulin ◽

Justin E. Heinze ◽

Yasamin Kusunoki ◽

Hsing-Fang Hsieh ◽

Marc A. Zimmerman

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Drug Use ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Social Contexts ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Neighborhood Violence

Within a lifetime, one in four women and more than one in 10 men will experience intimate partner violence (IPV). Researchers have begun to examine physical and social neighborhood risk factors of IPV, often using cross-sectional data. Most studies focus on risk or promotive factors. Often, neighborhood factors are studied through the lens of social disorganization theory, which focuses on how a neighborhood slips into a violent and crime-ridden place. Busy streets theory provides an alternative perspective, focusing on how building up community assets and resources may help create a safe and vibrant neighborhood. A conceptual approach that utilizes risk and promotive neighborhood variables may help develop new conceptual frameworks for understanding how context may decrease risk for, or moderate, the negative consequences of IPV. Using five waves of data from a 24-year longitudinal study, we employ multilevel linear regression models to examine the trajectory of IPV experiences in relation to positive perceptions of neighborhood, neighborhood cohesion, and informal social control in individuals aged 28 to 33 years. We control for the neighborhood and individual-level risk factors of alcohol consumption, drug use, observed neighborhood violence, and demographic factors of age, race, sex, and socioeconomic status. We found that positive perceptions of neighborhood, alcohol consumption, drug use, economic need, and observed neighborhood violence are associated with IPV. Levels of IPV risk were relatively constant within individuals across waves, but varied significantly between individuals. The measure of positive perceptions of neighborhood is derived from busy streets theory, which may be a useful conceptual framework for understanding how neighborhoods may contribute to positive social contexts that can protect residents from IPV experiences, and potentially other violent behavior. Additional research examining promotive social neighborhood features derived from busy streets theory may help expand our understanding of contextual factors that affect IPV.

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Alcohol Consumption by School-Going Adolescents in Madagascar: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors

Journal of Alcoholism and Drug Dependence ◽

10.4172/2329-6488.1000145 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 02 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Noeline Razanamihaja

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Associated Risk Factors

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Pre-arrest drug use and associated risk factors among incarcerated offenders in China

China Journal of Social Work ◽

10.1080/17525098.2020.1774984 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 157-171

Author(s):

Jia Qu ◽

Xinting Wang

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Drug Use ◽

Associated Risk Factors

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Hazardous alcohol consumption in non-aboriginal male inmates in New South Wales

International Journal of Prisoner Health ◽

10.1108/ijph-11-2016-0068 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 46-55

Author(s):

Courtney Field

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Drug Use ◽

New South ◽

New South Wales ◽

Hazardous Drinking ◽

Drinking Behaviour ◽

Content Type ◽

South Wales ◽

Male Inmates

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine correlates and predictors of hazardous drinking behaviour, that may be considered evidence of generalised strain, in a sample of incarcerated non-Aboriginal males in New South Wales, Australia. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 283 non-Aboriginal male inmates as part of a larger epidemiological survey of inmates in NSW undertaken in 2015 by the Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network. Data relating to a range of social factors were selected with reference to relevant literature and assessed with regards their predictive value for scores from the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). To facilitate regression analysis, variables were logically organised into historical factors or adult factors. Findings Almost all participants reported some history of alcohol consumption. Hazardous drinking was common among participants. While parental alcohol problems and adult drug use were the only correlates of AUDIT scores, parental misuse of alcohol was shown to be an important predictor of AUDIT scores in regression analysis. The role of parent gender was inconclusive. Previous incarceration as an adult, employment status, and drug use as an adult also predicted AUDIT scores. Originality/value Alcohol abuse is common among inmates and the use of alcohol is implicated in the commission of many offences. A better understanding of its genesis may inspire novel approaches to treatment, leading to improved health outcomes for inmates.

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Alcohol Consumption Practice and Associated Risk Factors among University of Limpopo Students

10.5772/intechopen.96349 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mbelege Rosina Nkwana ◽

Gift Makaleng ◽

Mafoloa Suzan Monyeki ◽

Hlengani James Siweya ◽

Kotsedi Daniel Monyeki

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Interpersonal Relationships ◽

Tobacco Product ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Product Use ◽

Rehabilitation Centers ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

Associated Risk Factors

In South Africa, substance rehabilitation centers found alcohol as the primary substance abuse in eight out of the nine provinces. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of alcohol use and associated risk factors among University of Limpopo students with mean age of 21.5 years. This was a cross-sectional study and constituted a total of 500 female students and 417 male students from the University of Limpopo. Logistic regression was used to calculate the association between alcohol consumption and its predictors. Information about their alcohol consumption, the type of alcohol and the practice related to alcohol consumption was collected using a validated questionnaire. Tobacco and marijuana product use were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with alcohol use among University of Limpopo students for unadjusted (OR ranges 4.31 95%CI 2.71 6.87 to 4.92 95%CI 3.16 7.70) and after adjusting for age gender and amount of money deposited into the student account by the bursary scheme (OR ranges from 4.14 95%CI 2.59 6.62 to 4.50 95%CI 2.87 7.06). Tobacco product use, marijuana use and enhancing interpersonal relationships are major risk factors associated to current alcohol use. Future studies are required to investigate the development of lifestyle and cardiovascular disease over time among University of Limpopo students.

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Early onset androgenetic alopecia in men and associated risk factors: a hospital based study

International Journal of Research in Dermatology ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20172209 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 267 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Thansiha Nargis ◽

Vishal Bejai ◽

Malcolm Pinto ◽

Manjunath Mala Shenoy

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Hair Loss ◽

Early Onset ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Androgenetic Alopecia ◽

Adult Males ◽

Early Management ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of hair loss affecting up to 80% of the men. It manifests mostly after puberty and is evident by the age of 30. Nowadays the onset of AGA is much earlier and most of them develop AGA in early twenties. Risk factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption and prevalence of AGA in the family are considered to contribute to the early onset. Aims: To estimate the prevalence of and to determine risk factors for AGA in adult males.Methods: A total of 103 patients above 18 years of age attending the dermatology OPD were included in the study. Epidemiological data was collected using a standard questionnaire.Results: In the study population, 68% patients were in the age group 21-30 years. No association was noted between smoking and the age of onset of AGA. An early age of onset was associated in patients with history of alcohol consumption (73.3%). Prevalence of familial AGA was seen in 68% and had a paternal inheritance (62.8%) more than maternal (8.6%). Associated systemic diseases were seen in 12.6% of the patients and hypertension was the most common.Conclusions: AGA is a very common presenting complaint in the younger population. The early onset of AGA itself causes anxiety and apprehension in the patients that further contribute to the hair loss. The presence of a family history in the patients’ needs for an early management of the disorder. Environmental factors like smoking and alcohol consumption thought to play a role in the aetiology of the disease.

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Risk factors of narcological disorders among rural population

Science and Innovations in Medicine ◽

10.35693/2500-1388-2019-4-4-44-49 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 44-49

Author(s):

Sergey A. Tsarev ◽

Andrey V. Shcherban ◽

Sergey A. Suslin ◽

Aleksey A. Katin ◽

Ilya I. Sirotko

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Drug Use ◽

Drug Addiction ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Rural Population ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Moderate Correlation ◽

Alcohol And Drugs

Objectives - to analyze the correlation between the risk factors of alcohol and drugs consumption, revealed during the preventive medical examination of the adult rural population, and the main epidemiological indicators of narcological diseases, registered in the rural areas of the Samara Region in 2015-2018. Material and methods. The indicators of the general and primary incidence of narcological disorders were calculated. The risk factors for alcoholization and drug addiction were studied according to the clinical examination of the adult rural population of the Samara region. The rank correlation coefficient was used to establish the relationships between the risk factors and epidemiological data. Results. There is a tendency for decline in the narcological general and primary morbidity of the rural population. The risk factors of alcohol consumption were identified in 1% of the population, the risk factors of drug use - in 0.08% of the population. Conclusion. A moderate correlation between the number of persons with alcohol consumption risk factors and some epidemiological data supposes the former investigation of the risk factors for identifying the narcological disorders.

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