Maximum repetition rate in a large cross-sectional sample of typically developing Dutch-speaking children

Purpose: The aim of this study was to conduct a scoping review of research on oral and laryngeal diadochokinesis (DDK) in children and adults, either typically developing/developed or with a clinical diagnosis. Method: Searches were conducted with PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and legacy sources in retrieved articles. Search terms included the following: DDK, alternating motion rate, maximum repetition rate, sequential motion rate, and syllable repetition rate. Results: Three hundred sixty articles were retrieved and included in the review. Data source tables for children and adults list the number and ages of study participants, DDK task, and language(s) spoken. Cross-sectional data for typically developing children and typically developed adults are compiled for the monosyllables /pʌ/, /tʌ/, and /kʌ/; the trisyllable /pʌtʌkʌ/; and laryngeal DDK. In addition, DDK results are summarized for 26 disorders or conditions. Discussion: A growing number of multidisciplinary reports on DDK affirm its role in clinical practice and research across the world. Atypical DDK is not a well-defined singular entity but rather a label for a collection of disturbances associated with diverse etiologies, including motoric, structural, sensory, and cognitive. The clinical value of DDK can be optimized by consideration of task parameters, analysis method, and population of interest.

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From a molar to a molecular approach to the developmental trajectory of syntax comprehension by persons with intellectual disability

10.31234/osf.io/vsu7x ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bruno Facon

Keyword(s):

Developmental Trajectories ◽

Developmental Trajectory ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Cognitive Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Test Items ◽

Complex Sentences ◽

Regression Curves ◽

Cognitive Measure ◽

Syntactic Skills

The aim was to investigate whether a progressive dissociation between the cognitive level and syntax comprehension occurs during the development of persons with intellectual disabilities (ID). Two cross-sectional developmental trajectory analyses were successively conducted. Study 1 comprised 615 typically developing participants and 615 participants with ID. Their total scores on a syntax comprehension test were regressed on a nonverbal cognitive measure and the slopes of the two groups’ regression lines were compared. In Study 2, logistic regression curves of the two groups for each of the 92 test items were compared. Results showed only negligible between-groups differences of developmental trajectories, whatever the level of analysis. The idea of a progressive dissociation between cognitive level and receptive syntactic skills of people with ID is not confirmed. However, a syntax test evaluating more complex sentences than those used in this study might show such a dissociation.

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The Association between Difficulties with Speech Fluency and Language Skills in a National Age Cohort of Children with Down Syndrome

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11060704 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 704

Author(s):

Kari-Anne B. Næss ◽

Egil Nygaard ◽

Hilde Hofslundsengen ◽

J. Scott Yaruss

Keyword(s):

Down Syndrome ◽

Language Skills ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Typically Developing Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Children With Down Syndrome ◽

Speech Fluency ◽

Age Cohort ◽

Student’S T

The present study (a) addressed difficulties in speech fluency in children with Down syndrome and typically developing children at a similar non-verbal level and (b) examined the association between difficulties with speech fluency and language skills in children with Down syndrome. Data from a cross-sectional parent survey that included questions about children’s difficulties with speech fluency, as well as clinical tests from a national age cohort of 43 six-year-olds with Down syndrome and 57 young typically developing children, were collected. Fisher’s exact test, Student’s t-test, linear regression, and density ellipse scatter plots were used for analysis. There was a significantly higher occurrence of parent-reported difficulties with speech fluency in the children with Down syndrome. Higher language scores were significantly associated with a lower degree of difficulties; this association was strongest for vocabulary and phonological skills. Although difficulties with speech fluency were not reported for all children with Down syndrome, a substantially higher occurrence of such difficulties was reported compared to that for typically developing children. The significant association between difficulties with speech fluency and the level of language functioning suggests that speech fluency and language skills should be taken into consideration when planning treatment for children with Down syndrome.

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Development of a Pitch Discrimination Screening Test for Preschool Children

Journal of the American Academy of Audiology ◽

10.3766/jaaa.14052 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (04) ◽

pp. 281-292

Author(s):

Maria Kulick Abramson ◽

Peter J. Lloyd

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Specific Language Impairment ◽

Normative Data ◽

Frequency Discrimination ◽

Auditory Discrimination ◽

Auditory Memory ◽

Pitch Discrimination ◽

Choice Response ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: There is a critical need for tests of auditory discrimination for young children as this skill plays a fundamental role in the development of speaking, prereading, reading, language, and more complex auditory processes. Frequency discrimination is important with regard to basic sensory processing affecting phonological processing, dyslexia, measurements of intelligence, auditory memory, Asperger syndrome, and specific language impairment. Purpose: This study was performed to determine the clinical feasibility of the Pitch Discrimination Test (PDT) to screen the preschool child’s ability to discriminate some of the acoustic demands of speech perception, primarily pitch discrimination, without linguistic content. The PDT used brief speech frequency tones to gather normative data from preschool children aged 3 to 5 yrs. Research Design: A cross-sectional study was used to gather data regarding the pitch discrimination abilities of a sample of typically developing preschool children, between 3 and 5 yrs of age. The PDT consists of ten trials using two pure tones of 100-msec duration each, and was administered in an AA or AB forced-choice response format. Study Sample: Data from 90 typically developing preschool children between the ages of 3 and 5 yrs were used to provide normative data. Data Analysis: Nonparametric Mann–Whitney U-testing was used to examine the effects of age as a continuous variable on pitch discrimination. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to determine the significance of age on performance on the PDT. Spearman rank was used to determine the correlation of age and performance on the PDT. Results: Pitch discrimination of brief tones improved significantly from age 3 yrs to age 4 yrs, as well as from age 3 yrs to the age 4- and 5-yrs group. Results indicated that between ages 3 and 4 yrs, children’s auditory discrimination of pitch improved on the PDT. The data showed that children can be screened for auditory discrimination of pitch beginning with age 4 yrs. Conclusions: The PDT proved to be a time efficient, feasible tool for a simple form of frequency discrimination screening in the preschool population before the age where other diagnostic tests of auditory processing disorders can be used.

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Effects of Task Constraints on Kinematic Characteristics of Body Segments in Children with Cerebral Palsy and Children with Typical Development during Hand-Reaching

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app112311140 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (23) ◽

pp. 11140

Author(s):

Yun-Huei Ju ◽

Rong-Ju Cherng

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Postural Control ◽

Task Demands ◽

Typical Development ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Typically Developing Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Postural Alignment ◽

Reaching Tasks ◽

Children With Cerebral Palsy

Background: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) have difficulty in managing postural control during functional reaching tasks, although children with different postural control ability are able to come up with different motor solutions to cope with different task demands. This study examined the effect of task constraint on postural control performance in children with cerebral palsy and typical development (TD) in terms of different postural control abilities. Methods: A cross-sectional research design was used. Twelve children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (mean age: 107.8 months) and 16 typically developing children (mean age: 110.9 months) participated in this study. Individually, all subjects were seated in a height-adjusted chair and were requested to reach for target(s) located at three different directions (medial, anterior, and lateral). A six-camera Qualisys Motion Capture System was used to capture motion data. Kinematic data in terms of body alignment and angular changes were analyzed. Results: Children with cerebral palsy demonstrated different postural control strategies to complete different reaching tasks compared to typically developing children by preparing postural alignment in advance, coordinating different body orientation movements during reaching after showing difficulty in managing reach medially. Conclusions: Children with cerebral palsy perceive their insufficient ability and prepare their alignment in advance to adapt to the task demanded and decrease the postural challenges of the task. Even though children with cerebral palsy self-generate different motor solutions to reach without falling, these alternative strategies might not be the most efficient adaptation.

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Is Asymmetry of the Pons Associated with Hand Function and Manual Ability after Arterial Ischemic Stroke in Children?

Neuropediatrics ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1678610 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (03) ◽

pp. 138-145

Author(s):

Nedelina Slavova ◽

Max Shojai ◽

Regula Everts ◽

Roland Wiest ◽

Maja Steinlin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Hand Function ◽

Limb Movement ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Arterial Ischemic Stroke ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Indirect Measure ◽

The Asymmetry

Aim This study was designed to investigate how the asymmetry of the brain stem is related to hand function and manual ability after arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) diagnosed during childhood. Method Patients diagnosed with AIS during childhood (> 5 years old, diagnosis > 2 years before recruitment) and typically developing peers were recruited by the Swiss Neuropediatric Stroke Registry. Brainstem cross-sectional areas of each side at the level of the pons were measured. Pinch and grip strength were measured with a dynamometer, quality of upper limb movement by the Melbourne Assessment 2 and manual ability by the ABILHAND-kids. An asymmetry index was calculated for all measures (except the ABILHAND-kids). Differences between groups and correlations were calculated using nonparametric statistics. Results Fourteen AIS survivors without hemiparesis, 10 AIS survivors with hemiparesis, and 47 typically developing peers were assessed. Patients with hemiparesis showed the highest brainstem asymmetry. There was a significant positive correlation between brainstem asymmetry, the asymmetry of strength and quality of upper limb movement, and a significant negative correlation between brainstem asymmetry and manual ability. Interpretation In pediatric AIS survivors, brainstem asymmetry can serve as an indirect measure of corticospinal tract integrity. It is significantly correlated with strength, quality of movement, and manual ability.

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Occupational performance in mothers of children with cerebral palsy

International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation ◽

10.12968/ijtr.2018.0023 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Naser Havaei ◽

Mandana Rezaei ◽

Hamid Reza Rostami ◽

Ahmad Mohammadi ◽

Babak Kashefimehr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Performance Measure ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Occupational Performance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Occupational Satisfaction ◽

Canadian Occupational Performance Measure ◽

Children With Cerebral Palsy

Background/Aims Caring for children with cerebral palsy may affect different domains in the caregiver's life. This study aimed to compare the occupational performance of mothers of a child who has cerebral palsy with mothers of a typically developing child. Methods A total of 41 mothers with a child who has cerebral palsy and 45 mothers with a typically developing child were recruited in this cross-sectional study. The age-matched mothers had only one child. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure was used to collect data on the occupational performance and satisfaction of mothers. Findings There was a statistically significant between-group difference in maternal occupational performance and occupational satisfaction (P<0.05), with mothers of children with cerebral palsy reporting lower scores for both. There were no relationships between demographic variables and the occupational performance and satisfaction of mothers with a child with cerebral palsy (P>0.05). The age of children with cerebral palsy had a direct positive relationship with the mothers' level of occupational satisfaction (P<0.05). Conclusion Mothers who take care of a child with cerebral palsy face significant reductions in occupational performance and satisfaction compared to mothers with a typically developing child, and therefore may need help and education in performing and organising their daily activities and roles.

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Measuring Perceptions of Classroom Listening in Typically Developing Children and Children with Auditory Difficulties Using the LIFE-UK Questionnaire

Journal of the American Academy of Audiology ◽

10.3766/jaaa.17053 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (07) ◽

pp. 656-667 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Suzanne C. Purdy ◽

Mridula Sharma ◽

Amanda Morgan

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Student Ratings ◽

Control Group ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Typically Developing Children ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Internal Reliability ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Student Questionnaire

AbstractClassrooms can be noisy and are challenging listening environments for children with auditory processing disorder (APD). This research was undertaken to determine if the Listening Inventory for Education-UK version (LIFE-UK) can differentiate children with listening difficulties and APD from their typically developing peers.To investigate reliability and validity of the student and teacher versions LIFE-UK questionnaire for assessing classroom listening difficulties.Cross-sectional quantitative study comparing children with listening difficulties with typically developing children.In total, 143 children (7–12 yr) participated; 45 were diagnosed with APD. Fifteen participants with reported listening difficulties who passed the APD test battery were assigned to a “listening difficulty” (LiD) group. Eighty three children from nine classrooms formed a Control group.Children and teachers completed the LIFE-UK questionnaire student and teacher versions. Factor analysis was undertaken, and item reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Teacher and student ratings were compared using Spearman correlations. Correlations between LIFE-UK ratings and APD test results were also investigated.Factor analysis revealed three factors accounting for 60% of the variance in the Control group LIFE-UK ratings. After removing six items with low factor loadings, a shortened seven-item version with three factors accounted for 71.8% of the variance for the student questionnaire; Cronbach’s alpha indicated good internal reliability for this seven-item version of the student questionnaire. Factors were also derived for the teacher questionnaire. Teacher and student ratings were correlated when participant groups were combined. LIFE-UK ratings correlated weakly with some APD measures, providing some support for the questionnaire validity.The results support the use of either the 13- or 7-item student and the teacher versions of the LIFE-UK to evaluate classroom listening and functional consequences of APD. Factor analysis resulted in groupings of items reflecting differences in listening demands in quiet versus noise for the student questionnaire and attentional versus class participation demands for the teacher questionnaire. Further research is needed to confirm the robustness of these factors in other populations.

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The attitudes of typically developing adolescents towards their sibling with autism spectrum disorder

South African Journal of Communication Disorders ◽

10.4102/sajcd.v64i1.184 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christine Van der Merwe ◽

Juan Bornman ◽

Dana Donohue ◽

Michal Harty

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Sibling Relationship ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mean Values ◽

Friedman Analysis ◽

Children With Asd ◽

Positive Attitudes

Background: Understanding how the cognitive, emotional and behavioural components of sibling attitudes interact with one another at various stages of a sibling’s lifespan will allow clinicians to provide better support to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their families. However, no research exists which focusses on describing the attitudes of adolescent siblings of children with ASD within the South African context towards their sibling with an ASD. The primary aim of this study was to investigate how typically developing adolescents recall their past attitudes and describe their present attitudes towards their sibling with an ASD.Methods: Thirty typically developing adolescents who have siblings with ASD were selected to complete the survey instrument, the Lifespan Sibling Relationship Scale, using a cross-sectional design.Results: Results indicate that the measure has internal consistency within this sample. Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests were used to test for significant differences between the mean values for the two self-reported time periods. Friedman analysis of variances (ANOVAs) was used to test for significant differences in the three components of attitudes, namely affect, behaviour and cognition. Results indicate that participants held more positive attitudes towards their siblings with ASD as adolescents compared with when they were younger and that adolescents rated their current emotions towards and beliefs about their sibling with ASD to be more positive than their current interaction experiences.Conclusion: As siblings’ attitudes appear to change over time, clinicians should use a lifespan approach to sibling attitudes when designing and implementing supports for siblings of children with ASD.

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