scholarly journals The recovery of Sphagnum capillifolium following exposure to temperatures of simulatedmoorland fires: a glasshouse experiment

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily S. Taylor ◽  
Peter E. Levy ◽  
Alan Gray
Keyword(s):  
Glasshouse Experiment

scholarly journals Prediction of zinc deficiency in navy beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) by soil and plant analyses

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 557 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Armour ◽  
AD Robson ◽  
GSP Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Navy Beans ◽  
Glasshouse Experiment ◽  
Zn Status

Navy beans (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Gallaroy) were grown with 7 rates of zinc (Zn) in a Zn-deficient gravelly sandy loam in a glasshouse experiment. The plant shoots were harvested 31 days after sowing and the Zn concentration in each of 4 plant parts (YL, young leaf; YOL, young open leaf; YFEL, youngest fully expanded leaf; and whole shoots) was related to the fresh weight of the shoots. The critical Zn concentrations (mgtkg) in the plant parts determined by the 2 intersecting straight lines model were 21.1 for YL (r2 = 0.66), 17.1 for YOL (r2 = 0.83), 10.6 for YFEL (r2 = 0.91) and 12.5 for the whole tops (r2 = 0.88). The YFEL was selected as an appropriate diagnostic tissue because it is readily identifiable in the field and had the highest 1.2 with fresh weight. In a second glasshouse experiment, the critical Zn concentration in the YFEL and 5 soil tests were evaluated for their ability to predict the Zn status of navy beans. There were 13 soils from sands to clays with a wide range of chemical properties. The soil tests were 0.1 mol/L HCl, DTPA, EDTA, dilute CaCl2 and soil solution Zn. The concentration of Zn in the YFEL correctly predicted Zn deficiency or adequacy in about 77% of samples. The results from both experiments showed that a critical Zn concentration of 10-11 mg/kg in the YFEL can be used to diagnose the Zn status of Gallaroy navy beans. It was not possible to recommend a single soil test for prediction of the relative yield of navy beans. A combination of quantity (HCl, EDTA, DTPA) and intensity (soil solution, 0.002 mol/L CaCl2, 0.01 mol/L CaCl2) parameters were able to explain most of the variation in the Zn concentration of the YFEL, a more sensitive measure of nutrient availability than relative yield. EDTA-Zn in combination with 0.01 mol/L CaCl2-Zn explained 90% of the variation in the Zn concentration in the YFEL, while HCl- or DTPA-Zn and 0.01 mol/L CaCl2 explained about 80% of the variation. As soil solution Zn was significantly correlated with 0.002 and 0.01 mol/L CaCl2-Zn (r = 0.75, P<0.01; r = 0.62, P<0.05, respectively), CaCl2-Zn may be used as a more convenient measure of Zn intensity than soil solution Zn.

Comparison of single superphosphate and superphosphate coated with bauxite residue for subterranean clover production on phosphorus-leaching soils

Soil Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Summers ◽  
Martin Clarke ◽  
Tim Pope ◽  
Tim O'Dea
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Bauxite Residue ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Glasshouse Experiment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Coated Granules

Bauxite residue from alumina refining was used to coat granules of single superphosphate to reduce the leaching of phosphorus in coarse, sandy soils for pastures in high rainfall areas of south-western Australia (>800 mm annual average). The impact of coating the superphosphate on the leaching of phosphorus was measured in a glasshouse experiment and the effectiveness of the fertiliser using dry herbage yield of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) was measured in a field experiment. The glasshouse experiment measured the effect of coating the superphosphate with bauxite residue at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40% by weight. A coating of 25% (by weight) was chosen for the field experiment. In the glasshouse experiment, the coated granules were applied to columns of soil, where subterranean clover was grown under leaching conditions. A coating of 30%, by weight, reduced leaching of single superphosphate by about half. Increasing the coating of bauxite residue also increased the phosphorus uptake and increased the plant growth. In the field trial, the effectiveness of single superphosphate with a bauxite residue coating of 25% by weight was increased on average by 100% in Year 1, 303% in Year 2, and 158% in Year 3, relative to freshly applied single superphosphate. The bauxite residue coating also increased the phosphorus content of the herbage in a similar manner to the increases in yield. Limited soil phosphorus tests showed only minor increases in the residues of phosphorus where the superphosphate had been coated with bauxite residue.

Effectiveness of soil dressings and foliar sprays of copper sulphate in correcting copper deficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Queensland

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (107) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
NJ Grundon
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Glasshouse Experiment ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth

One field and two glasshouse trials were conducted to test the effectiveness of soil and foliar applications of copper sulphate in correcting copper deficiency of wheat on a severely deficient, nearneutral clay soil in the Western Downs region of Queensland. In the field, when wheat was stressed for water from late tillering (Feekes stage 5) to anthesis (Feekes stage 11) , soil dressings of 2.5-10.0 kg CuSO4.5H2O ha-1 increased early vegetative growth but foliar symptoms of copper deficiency reappeared during stem elongation, and grain yields were negligible at all rates. A single foliar spray of 2% CuSO4.5H2O applied at mid-tillering (Feekes stage 3) also did not correct the deficiency completely: foliar symptoms reappeared and grain yield was low (141 kg ha-1). A double spray treatment, the first applied at mid-tillering and the second just before booting (Feekes stage 10), was more effective and resulted in a grain yield of 800 kg ha-1. In a glasshouse experiment supplied with adequate water, a soil dressing equivalent to 16 kg CuSO4.5H2O ha-1 (3.2 mg Culpot) completely corrected the deficiency. In a second glasshouse experiment, 2% CuSO4.5H2O solution was applied as single sprays at Feekes stages 3, 8, 9, 10 or 11, or as double sprays at Feekes stages 3 + 8, 3 + 9, 3 + 10 or 3 + 11. The most effective single spray was that applied at Feekes stage 10, but maximum dry matter and grain yield were obtained when a double spray was applied at Feekes stage 3 + 10. The effectiveness of soil and foliar applications of CuSO4.5H2O for correcting Cu deficiency of dryland wheat in Queensland soils are discussed in relation to water regime and supplying adequate Cu for both vegetative and reproductive growth.

Genecological Variation in the Germination, Growth and Morphology of Four Populations of a Tasmanian Endangered Perennial Daisy, Leucochrysum albicans

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 431 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Gilfedder ◽  
JB Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Leaf Characteristics ◽  
Ecological Responses ◽  
Basaltic Soils ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Glasshouse Experiment ◽  
Provenance Variations

Seed was obtained from four populations of an endangered perennial daisy, Leucochrysum albicans (syn. Helipterum albicans), in Tasmania. These populations were from montane basaltic soils, montane limestone soils, lowland basaltic soils and lowland soils derived from mudstone. All populations had their highest percentage germination at 20°c, but the montane populations had lower germination rates than the lowland populations, especially at lower temperatures. The low altitude populations exhibited more rapid germination than the high altitude populations. In a glasshouse experiment droughting decreased the growth of the provenances from limestone and mudstone, while having little effect on the basalt provenances, mulching increased the growth of the lowland provenances relative to the highland provenances, and the application of fertiliser depressed the growth of the montane basalt provenance. Variations in leaf characteristics and flowering rates were evident between either provenance or treatment. The marked geographic variation in germination, morphology and ecological responses indicates that it is important to maintain the species over its full environmental range.

The influence of placement geometry on the effectiveness of copper superphosphate

Soil Research ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Gilkes ◽  
SB Sadleir
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Glasshouse Experiment

In a glasshouse experiment wheat plants were grown for 45 days at various distances from granules of copper superphosphate. Only plants growing within 2 cm of the fertilizer granules were able to utilize the copper. This result is interpreted as indicating that close contact between plant roots and fertilizer is necessary for optimum copper utilization. Methods of fertilizer formulation and application should be designed to promote close contact.

Evaluation of soil tests for the estimation of available sulphur

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Arora ◽  
G. S. Sekhon
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Glasshouse Experiment ◽  
Yield Responses

SUMMARYIn a glasshouse experiment, sulphur was applied to 22 soils as 35S-labelled gypsum. Estimates of available sulphur using different extractants were correlated with yield responses and sulphur uptakes by oats. The largest correlation coefficients were obtained with ‘A’ values and sulphur soluble in 0·5 M-NaHC03, 1% NaCl after heating and ammonium acetate–acetic acid. Critical levels of available sulphur obtained by relating these four methods to yield responses were 24·0, 22·0, 11·0 and 10·5 mgS/kg soil respectively.

Sulphur-nitrogen relationships in the tropical legume Stylosanthes humilis

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 885 ◽  
Author(s):  
RK Jones ◽  
PJ Robinson ◽  
KP Haydock ◽  
RG Megarrity
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Fraction ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Insoluble Protein ◽  
Tropical Legume ◽  
Total Sulphur ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Glasshouse Experiment ◽  
Insoluble Protein Fraction

The effects of age and sulphur fertilization on various sulphur fractions in the legume Stylosanthes humilis were examined. Plant material was obtained in two consecutive seasons from nodulated plants growing in the field and from a glasshouse experiment. A very close relationship between the concentration of total nitrogen (Nt), that of total sulphur (St), and age was found. In young material Nt increased at first then reached a plateau with increases in St (brought about by additions of sulphur). As the plants aged, however, both Nt and St declined and the relation between them became more nearly linear. Nt and St were also closely related in seed from these plants but the St/Nt ratio was much lower than in the vegetative material. A moderate deficiency of sulphur had little effect on the ratio of alcohol-insoluble to total nitrogen. In contrast with published work on other species it was found that sulphur applications increased the ratio of sulphur to nitrogen in the alcohol-insoluble (protein) fraction.

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