New insights on the Taenia solium tapeworm using molecular tools: age-based human definitive host prevalence and deliberation on parasite life span

SUMMARYExperimental infections of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos L.) with Typhlocoelum cucumerinum sisowi (Skrjabin, 1913) and of canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria (Wilson)) with Typhlocoelum cucumerinum cucumerinum (Rudolphi, 1809) revealed significant differences in various parameters of the life-cycle in the definitive host. Both T. c. sisowi and T. c. cucumerinum migrate to the trachea via the abdominal cavity, air sacs and lungs, although T. c. cucumerinum migrate more quickly and more synchronously than T. c. sisowi. Typhlocoelum c. sisowi has a shorter expected life-span than T. c. cucumerinum but grows and reaches maturity more quickly than T. c. cucumerinum. Evidence suggests that T. c. cucumerinum has a higher fecundity than T. c. sisowi. These differences in the patterns of migration, growth and development are related not only to differences between the two host species but also to differences intrinsic to the parasites, and serve to provide biological support for considering them as separate sub-species.

Download Full-text

How Macrophages Become Transcriptionally Dysregulated: A Hidden Impact of Antitumor Therapy

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22052662 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 2662

Author(s):

Galina F. Medvedeva ◽

Daria O. Kuzmina ◽

Julia Nuzhina ◽

Alexander A. Shtil ◽

Marina S. Dukhinova

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factors ◽

Tumor Microenvironment ◽

Life Span ◽

Gene Transcription ◽

Blood Monocytes ◽

Molecular Tools ◽

Antitumor Activities ◽

Tumor Associated Macrophages ◽

Antitumor Therapy ◽

Essential Components

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the essential components of the tumor microenvironment. TAMs originate from blood monocytes and undergo pro- or anti-inflammatory polarization during their life span within the tumor. The balance between macrophage functional populations and the efficacy of their antitumor activities rely on the transcription factors such as STAT1, NF-κB, IRF, and others. These molecular tools are of primary importance, as they contribute to the tumor adaptations and resistance to radio- and chemotherapy and can become important biomarkers for theranostics. Herein, we describe the major transcriptional mechanisms specific for TAM, as well as how radio- and chemotherapy can impact gene transcription and functionality of macrophages, and what are the consequences of the TAM-tumor cooperation.

Download Full-text

Advances in diagnosis and spatial analysis of cysticercosis and taeniasis

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182013001303 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 140 (13) ◽

pp. 1578-1588 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

FRANCIS RAOUL ◽

TIAOYING LI ◽

YASUHITO SAKO ◽

XINGWANG CHEN ◽

CHANGPING LONG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

Taenia Solium ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Tropical Diseases ◽

Molecular Tools ◽

Accidental Ingestion ◽

Detection And Identification ◽

Key Issues ◽

And Control

SUMMARYHuman cysticercosis, caused by accidental ingestion of eggs ofTaenia solium, is one of the most pathogenic helminthiases and is listed among the 17 WHO Neglected Tropical Diseases. Controlling the life-cycle ofT. soliumbetween humans and pigs is essential for eradication of cysticercosis. One difficulty for the accurate detection and identification ofT. soliumspecies is the possible co-existence of two other humanTaeniatapeworms (T. saginataandT. asiatica, which do not cause cysticercosis in humans). Several key issues for taeniasis/cysticercosis (T/C) evidence-based epidemiology and control are reviewed: (1) advances in immunological and molecular tools for screening of human and animals hosts and identification ofTaeniaspecies, with a focus on real-time detection of taeniasis carriers and infected animals in field community screenings, and (2) spatial ecological approaches that have been used to detect geospatial patterns of case distributions and to monitor pig activity and behaviour. Most recent eco-epidemiological studies undertaken in Sichuan province, China, are introduced and reviewed.

Download Full-text

Continuum of Care Following Sports-Related Concussion

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology ◽

10.1044/2020_ajslp-19-00131 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 1389-1403

Author(s):

Jessica Brown ◽

Kelly Knollman-Porter

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Life Span ◽

Sports Injuries ◽

Continuum Of Care ◽

Medical Professional ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Youth Athletes ◽

Speech Language Pathologist ◽

History Of ◽

Injury Reporting

Purpose Although guidelines have changed regarding federally mandated concussion practices since their inception, little is known regarding the implementation of such guidelines and the resultant continuum of care for youth athletes participating in recreational or organized sports who incur concussions. Furthermore, data regarding the role of speech-language pathologists in the historic postconcussion care are lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the experiences of young adults with history of sports-related concussion as it related to injury reporting and received follow-up care. Method Participants included 13 young adults with history of at least one sports-related concussion across their life span. We implemented a mixed-methods design to collect both quantitative and qualitative information through structured interviews. Participants reported experiencing 42 concussions across the life span—26 subsequent to sports injuries. Results Twenty-three concussions were reported to a parent or medical professional, 14 resulted in a formal diagnosis, and participants received initial medical care for only 10 of the incidents and treatment or services on only two occasions. Participants reported concussions to an athletic trainer least frequently and to parents most frequently. Participants commented that previous experience with concussion reduced the need for seeking treatment or that they were unaware treatments or supports existed postconcussion. Only one concussion incident resulted in the care from a speech-language pathologist. Conclusion The results of the study reported herein shed light on the fidelity of sports-related concussion care management across time. Subsequently, we suggest guidelines related to continuum of care from injury to individualized therapy.

Download Full-text

Knowledge and Skills Needed by Speech-Language Pathologists for Diagnosis, Assessment, and Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders Across the Life Span

10.1044/policy.ks2006-00075 ◽

2006 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽

Life Span ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Speech Language Pathologists ◽

Knowledge And Skills ◽

Assessment And Treatment ◽

Spectrum Disorders

Download Full-text

Tumorigenesis in High-Dose Total Body Irradiated Rhesus Monkeys--A Life Span Study

Toxicologic Pathology ◽

10.1080/01926230309805 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 209-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Carel F. Hollander ◽

Chris Zurcher ◽

Johan J. Broerse

Keyword(s):

Life Span ◽

Rhesus Monkeys ◽

High Dose ◽

Life Span Study ◽

Total Body

Download Full-text

Conflict Monitoring Across the Life Span

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000120 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 124-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Daniela Czernochowski

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Life Span ◽

Age Groups ◽

Conflict Detection ◽

Response Conflict ◽

Conflict Monitoring ◽

Subsequent Performance ◽

Additional Control ◽

Performance Response ◽

Conflict Detection And Resolution

Errors can play a major role for optimizing subsequent performance: Response conflict associated with (near) errors signals the need to recruit additional control resources to minimize future conflict. However, so far it remains open whether children and older adults also adjust their performance as a function of preceding response conflict. To examine the life span development of conflict detection and resolution, response conflict was elicited during a task-switching paradigm. Electrophysiological correlates of conflict detection for correct and incorrect responses and behavioral indices of post-error adjustments were assessed while participants in four age groups were asked to focus on either speed or accuracy. Despite difficulties in resolving response conflict, the ability to detect response conflict as indexed by the Ne/ERN component was expected to mature early and be preserved in older adults. As predicted, reliable Ne/ERN peaks were detected across age groups. However, only for adults Ne/ERN amplitudes associated with errors were larger compared to Nc/CRN amplitudes for correct trials under accuracy instructions, suggesting an ongoing maturation in the ability to differentiate levels of response conflict. Behavioral interference costs were considerable in both children and older adults. Performance for children and older adults deteriorated rather than improved following errors, in line with intact conflict detection, but impaired conflict resolution. Thus, participants in all age groups were able to detect response conflict, but only young adults successfully avoided subsequent conflict by up-regulating control.

Download Full-text