Dynamic Dissection of Dynein and Kinesin-1 Cooperatively Mediated Intercellular Transport of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Coronavirus along Microtubule Using Single Virus Tracking

Abstract Recent research has demonstrated that swine viruses can be transmitted via feed. Chemical feed additives have been suggested for the mitigation of these viruses in complete feed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a commercially available formaldehyde-based feed additive, medium chain fatty acid blend (MCFA), and commercially available fatty acid-based products for mitigation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in a feed matrix. Treatments consisted of: 1) non-treated positive control, 2) 0.33% commercial formaldehyde-based product (Sal Curb; Kemin Industries, Inc.; Des Moines, IA), 3) 0.5% MCFA blend (1:1:1 ratio of C6:0, C8:0, and C10:0, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), 4) 0.25%, 5) 0.5%, or 6) 1% of commercial dry mono and diglyceride-based product (Furst Strike; Furst-McNess Company, Freeport, IL), 7) 0.25%, 8) 0.5%, or 9) 1% of commercial dry mono and diglyceride-based product (Furst Protect; Furst-McNess Company, Freeport, IL), 10) 0.25%, 11) 0.5%, or 12) 1% dry mono and diglyceride-based experimental product (Furst-McNess Company, Freeport, IL) with 3 replications/treatment. Treatments were applied to complete swine feed before inoculation with 106 TCID50/g of feed with PEDV or PRRSV. Post inoculation feed was held at ambient temperature for 24 h before being analyzed via qRT-PCR. The analyzed values represent the cycle threshold. Formaldehyde and MCFA decreased (P < 0.05) the detectable RNA of PEDV and PRRSV compared to all other treatments. Furst Strike, Furst Protect, and the experimental product did not significantly impact detectability of PEDV or PRRSV RNA. In conclusion, MCFA and formaldehyde treatments are effective at reducing detection of RNA from PEDV and PRRSV in feed.

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Differential expression and correlation analysis of miRNA–mRNA profiles in swine testicular cells infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81189-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoqian Zhang ◽

Chang Li ◽

Bingzhou Zhang ◽

Zhonghua Li ◽

Wei Zeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Differential Expression ◽

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Bacterial Invasion ◽

Sequencing Data ◽

Diarrhea Virus ◽

Comparison Groups ◽

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

AbstractThe variant virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strain (YN15) can cause severe porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED); however, the attenuated vaccine-like PEDV strain (YN144) can induce immunity in piglets. To investigate the differences in pathogenesis and epigenetic mechanisms between the two strains, differential expression and correlation analyses of the microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA in swine testicular (ST) cells infected with YN15, YN144, and mock were performed on three comparison groups (YN15 vs Control, YN144 vs Control, and YN15 vs YN144). The mRNA and miRNA expression profiles were obtained using next-generation sequencing (NGS), and the differentially expressed (DE) (p-value < 0.05) mRNA and miRNA were obtained using DESeq R package. mRNAs targeted by DE miRNAs were predicted using the miRanda algortithm. 8039, 8631 and 3310 DE mRNAs, and 36, 36, and 22 DE miRNAs were identified in the three comparison groups, respectively. 14,140, 15,367 and 3771 DE miRNA–mRNA (targeted by DE miRNAs) interaction pairs with negatively correlated expression patterns were identified, and interaction networks were constructed using Cytoscape. Six DE miRNAs and six DE mRNAs were randomly selected to verify the sequencing data by real-time relative quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Based on bioinformatics analysis, we discovered the differences were mostly involved in host immune responses and viral pathogenicity, including NF-κB signaling pathway and bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, etc. This is the first comprehensive comparison of DE miRNA–mRNA pairs in YN15 and YN144 infection in vitro, which could provide novel strategies for the prevention and control of PED.

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Sequence analysis of new variants of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in Luzon, Philippines, in 2017

Archives of Virology ◽

10.1007/s00705-021-05068-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Saubel Ezrael A. Salamat ◽

Therese Marie A. Collantes ◽

Wenchie Marie L. Lumbera ◽

Francis A. Tablizo ◽

Christian Thomas M. Mutia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sequence Analysis ◽

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽

Diarrhea Virus ◽

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

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Outbreak of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea in Suckling Piglets, China

Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽

10.3201/eid1801.111259 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 161-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 239

Author(s):

Rui-Qin Sun ◽

Ru-Jian Cai ◽

Ya-Qiang Chen ◽

Peng-Shuai Liang ◽

De-Kun Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Suckling Piglets ◽

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

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In vitro antiviral activity of phlorotannins isolated from Ecklonia cava against porcine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus infection and hemagglutination

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.085 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 21 (15) ◽

pp. 4706-4713 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Hyung-Jun Kwon ◽

Young Bae Ryu ◽

Young-Min Kim ◽

Naaleum Song ◽

Cha Young Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiviral Activity ◽

Ecklonia Cava ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

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Cellular Targets of Functional and Dysfunctional Mutants of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Movement Protein Fused to Green Fluorescent Protein

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.74.23.11339-11346.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 74 (23) ◽

pp. 11339-11346 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Vitaly Boyko ◽

Jessica van der Laak ◽

Jacqueline Ferralli ◽

Elena Suslova ◽

Myoung-Ok Kwon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Green Fluorescent Protein ◽

Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽

Inclusion Bodies ◽

Fluorescent Protein ◽

Movement Protein ◽

Leading Edge ◽

Intercellular Transport ◽

C Terminus ◽

Green Fluorescent

ABSTRACT Intercellular transport of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA involves the accumulation of virus-encoded movement protein (MP) in plasmodesmata (Pd), in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived inclusion bodies, and on microtubules. The functional significance of these interactions in viral RNA (vRNA) movement was tested in planta and in protoplasts with TMV derivatives expressing N- and C-terminal deletion mutants of MP fused to the green fluorescent protein. Deletion of 55 amino acids from the C terminus of MP did not interfere with the vRNA transport function of MP:GFP but abolished its accumulation in inclusion bodies, indicating that accumulation of MP at these ER-derived sites is not a requirement for function in vRNA intercellular movement. Deletion of 66 amino acids from the C terminus of MP inactivated the protein, and viral infection occurred only upon complementation in plants transgenic for MP. The functional deficiency of the mutant protein correlated with its inability to associate with microtubules and, independently, with its absence from Pd at the leading edge of infection. Inactivation of MP by N-terminal deletions was correlated with the inability of the protein to target Pd throughout the infection site, whereas its associations with microtubules and inclusion bodies were unaffected. The observations support a role of MP-interacting microtubules in TMV RNA movement and indicate that MP targets microtubules and Pd by independent mechanisms. Moreover, accumulation of MP in Pd late in infection is insufficient to support viral movement, confirming that intercellular transport of vRNA relies on the presence of MP in Pd at the leading edge of infection.

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