Chemical compositions and antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea of the essential oils from the leaves of three conifer species

Four essential oils from the leaf (P23) and rhizomes (P19, P22, P24) of Acorus calamus L., collected from various parts of Nepal, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. From a total of 61 peaks, 57 compounds were identified among the four essential oils accounting for 94.3%, 96.2%, 97.6%, and 94.1% of the oils, respectively. All of the essential oils were dominated by ( Z)-asarone (78.1%–86.9%). The essential oils also contained ( E)-asarone (1.9%–9.9%) and small amounts of γ-asarone (2.0–2.3%), ( Z)-methyl isoeugenol (1.5–2.0%), and linalool (0.2–4.3%). Allelopathic testing of the rhizome oil showed inhibition of seed germination of Lactuca sativa and Lolium perenne with IC50 values of 450 and 737 μg/mL, respectively. The rhizome essential oil demonstrated stronger seedling growth inhibition of L. perenne than of L. sativa, however. The rhizome oil also showed notable brine shrimp lethality ( LC50 = 9.48 μg/mL), cytotoxic activity (92.2% kill on MCF-7 cells at 100 μg/mL), and antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger (MIC = 19.5 μg/mL).

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Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils of seven Moroccan Labiatae against Botrytis cinerea Pers: Fr.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology ◽

10.1016/s0378-8741(03)00275-7 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 89 (1) ◽

pp. 165-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 181

Author(s):

Chebli Bouchra ◽

Mohamed Achouri ◽

L.M Idrissi Hassani ◽

Mohamed Hmamouchi

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Botrytis Cinerea

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Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Citrus aurantium, and Citrus sinensis Essential Oils as Antifungal Activity against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, and Fusarium culmorum

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8081003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 1003

Author(s):

Wael A.A. Abo Elgat ◽

Ahmed M. Kordy ◽

Martin Böhm ◽

Robert Černý ◽

Ahmed Abdel-Megeed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Aspergillus Flavus ◽

Fusarium Culmorum ◽

Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Solid Wood ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Citrus Aurantium ◽

Aerial Parts

Several molds are able to colonize wood and many building products or solid wood causing losses for their valuable uses. Essential oils (EOs) from aromatic plants can be used as an ecofriendly biofungicide against the growth of several molds. EOs from Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Citrus aurantium, and C. sinensis have a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. EOs from of E. camaldulensis air-dried aerial parts, C. aurantium leaf and C. sinensis peel, and their combinations (1:1 v/v) were evaluated for their antifungal activity against the growth of four common mold fungi (Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. terreus, and Fusarium culmorum). The chemical compositions of the EOs were analyzed with GC/MS. The main compounds in EO from E. camaldulensis were spathulenol (20.84%), eucalyptol (12.01%), and sabinene (9.73%); in C. aurantium were linalyl acetate (42.29%), and linalool (29.76%); and in C. sinensis were D-limonene (73.4%) and γ-terpinene (22.6%). At 50 µL/mL, C. sinensis EO showed the highest fungal mycilial growth inhibition (FMGI) percentage (86.66%) against A. flavus. C. sinensis, E. camaldulensis, and E. camaldulensis/C. sinensis showed FMGI values of 96%, 91.66%, and 75.66% respectively, against A. niger. EOs from C. aurantium and C. sinensis showed potent activity against A. terreus (100% FMGI), while C. aurantium/E. camaldulensis and E. camaldulensis/C. sinensis showed FMGI values of 74.33% and 70.66%, respectively. Potent activity against F. culmorum with 100% was observed as the application of E. camaldulensis and C. sinensis EOs at 50 µL/mL, while E. camaldulensis/C. sinensis (50 µL/mL) showed FMGI value of 65.66%. The results suggest using the EOs and their combinations from E.camaldulensis, C. aurantium, and C. sinensis as a biofungicide against molds. The potent properties of EOs offer the possibility of using them as eco-friendly, safe, and cost-effective antimicrobials for molds that could cause discoloration of the wood packaging or food spoilage.

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Chemical Compositions, Antioxidant and Antifungal Activities of Melaleuca leucadendron Linn. Leaf Oils from Indonesia

Wood Research Journal ◽

10.51850/wrj.2012.3.1.23-29 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 23-29

Author(s):

Rini Pujiarti ◽

Yoshito Ohtani ◽

Hideaki Ichiura

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Rhizopus Oryzae ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Forest Products ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Plantation Forest ◽

Water Steam ◽

Dpph Method

Melaleuca leucadendron Linn. Oil, also known as Kayu Putih oil, is one of the most important non-timber forest products in Indonesia. This oil has diverse bioactivity, such as insecticidal, antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral. This study elucidated the chemical compositions and biological activities of M. leucadendron leaf oils from Java, Indonesia in order to evaluate their potency and improve their utilization. Leaf samples of M. leucadendron in this study were collected from plantation forest in Gunung Kidul-Yogyakarta (L1), Gundih-Central Java (L2) and Sukun-East Java (L3), Indonesia in different plant ages of 5 (A1), 10 (A2) and 15 (A3) years-old. Oil samples were distillated by water-steam distillation. Identification of chemical composition of these essential oils was conducted by GC-MS analysis. The in vitro antioxidant activity was examined by 1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and antifungal activity was examined using a method by Wang et al. (2005) with slight modification against pathogenic fungi of Fusarium oxysporum, Thanatephorus cucumeris and Rhizopus oryzae. GC-MS investigations of M. leucadendron leaf oils showed 26 compounds have been identified. The result showed 1,8-cineole (44.76% to 60.19%) was the major compound in these oil, followed by α-terpineol (5.93% to 12.45%), D(+)-limonene (4.45% to 8.85%), and β-caryophyllene (3.78% to 7.64%), respectively. The in vitro DPPH assay showed anti-oxidative (IC50: 7.21 to 9.46 mg/ml) properties of M. leucadendron leaf oils. This essential oils also revealed inhibitory effect against F. oxysporum (IC50: 0.01 mg/ml to 0.11 mg/ml), T. cucumeris (IC50: 0.52 mg/ml to 4.20 mg/ml) and R. oryzae (IC50:1.35 mg/ml to 7.61 mg/ml). The antifungal activity showed M. leucadendron leaf oils were effective against fungi of F. oxysporum and T. cucumeris; but it showed less antifungal activity against R. oryzae. This study indicated that the M. leucadendron leaf oils can be used as antioxidant and sustainable eco-friendly bio fungicides.

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Rapid Evaluation of Plant Extracts and Essential Oils for Antifungal Activity Against Botrytis cinerea

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1997.81.2.204 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 81 (2) ◽

pp. 204-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 227

Author(s):

C. L. Wilson ◽

J. M. Solar ◽

A. El Ghaouth ◽

M. E. Wisniewski

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Microtiter Plate ◽

Rapid Evaluation ◽

Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽

Microtiter Plates ◽

Plate Reader ◽

High Antifungal Activity

A rapid assay to determine antifungal activity in plant extracts and essential oils is described. Wells in microtiter plates were loaded with Botrytis cinerea spores and plant extracts or essential oils. Subsequent changes in optical density following spore germination in the wells was measured after 24 h using an automatic microtiter plate reader driven by a software program developed for this purpose. Extracts from 345 plants and 49 essential oils were evaluated for their antifungal activity against B. cinerea. Among 345 plant extracts analyzed, 13 showed high levels of antifungal activity, with species of Allium and Capsicum predominating. Among the 49 essential oils tested, palmarosa (Cymbopogon martini), red thyme (Thymus zygis), cinnamon leaf (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), and clove buds (Eugenia caryophyllata) demonstrated the most antifungal activity against B. cinerea. The most frequently occurring constituents in essential oils showing high antifungal activity were: D-limonene, cineole; β-myrcene; α-pinene, β-pinene; and camphor.

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Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils from Two Varieties of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin ◽

10.2478/v10032-011-0008-4 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 97-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Paulina Jakowienko ◽

Barbara Wójcik-Stopczyńska ◽

Dorota Jadczak

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Ocimum Basilicum ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Mycelium Growth ◽

Sweet Basil ◽

Inhibition Zones

Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils from Two Varieties of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicumL.)The aim of this work was an evaluation of the antifungal activity of essential oils from two cultivars of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicumL.): ‘Wala’ and ‘Fine Verde’. The essential oils from dried, ground herbs were extracted with the hydro-distillation method using Deryng apparatus. The composition of the oils was analyzed by gas chromatography. The antifungal activity of the oils was tested against the following strains:Alternariasp.,Aspergillus flavus, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium herbarum, Eurotium amstelodamiandEurotium chevalieri. The disc diffusion agar method was applied. Each oil was used in two doses, 10 and 5 μl/disc. A disc (6 mm dia.), soaked with oil, was placed on agar plates, which had been previously inoculated with spores of the different strains. The diameters of fungal growth inhibition zones were measured after 72h of incubation at 25°C and expressed in millimeters. The obtained results showed that the diameter of the mycelium growth inhibition zone significantly depended on the source of oil, the dose of oil, and the species of fungi. The essential oil from the ‘Wala’ variety was more effective against the tested fungi than the oil from ‘Fine Verde’ and the inhibition zones were greater when the dose of the oils was higher.E. chevalieriwas the most sensitive to both of the oils andA. flavuswas the most resistant. The differences in the antifungal activity of the tested oils were probably the result of their different chemical compositions. In comparison with the ‘Fine Verde’ oil, the oil from ‘Wala’ had more than twice the amount of linalool, more 1,8-cineole, and contained geraniol and methyl chavicol. In the conditions of the experiment both oils showed greater antifungal activity than cycloheximide (actidion) and methyl thiophanate (Topsin M 500 SC) used as controls.

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Assessment of the Antifungal Activity of Natural Compounds to Reduce Postharvest Gray Mould (Botrytis Cinerea Pers.: FR.) of Kiwifruits (Actinidia Deliciosa) During Storage

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.2478/v10045-011-0001-4 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Habib Shirzad ◽

Abbas Hassani ◽

Youbert Ghosta ◽

Ali Abdollahi ◽

Rasool Finidokht ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Natural Compounds ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Actinidia Deliciosa ◽

Thymus Vulgaris ◽

Foeniculum Vulgare ◽

Gray Mould

Assessment of the Antifungal Activity of Natural Compounds to Reduce Postharvest Gray Mould (Botrytis Cinerea Pers.: FR.) of Kiwifruits (Actinidia Deliciosa) During Storage Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), ajowan (Carum copticum L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.) and summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) were assessed under in vivo condition for antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea on kiwifruits. Inoculated and oil-treated fruits were kept in storage, 90 days. Evaluation of the antifungal activity of essential oils showed that with the increase of their concentrations the antifungal activity was increased, but no significant differences were observed. In addition, the quality parameters such as total soluble solids (TSS), titrable acidity (TA) and vitamin C reduced in fruits treated with essential oil. Weightloss and firmness values were not affected by essential oil treatment and essential oil treated kiwifruits showed off-flavor in compare to control. Results of this study suggest that application of essential oil to control postharvest pathogens is worthy of future works.

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In Vitro Evaluation of the Antifungal Activity of Ghassoul-Based Formulations with Oregano and Thyme Essential Oils against Penicillium sp.

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2021/6692807 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Hamid Ziyat ◽

Mohammed Naciri Bennani ◽

Safae Allaoui ◽

Jamal Houssaini ◽

Hasna Nait M’barek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Oregano Essential Oil ◽

Penicillium Sp ◽

Over Time

The essential oils from aromatic plants are today considered a suitable tool to protect stored grains from fungal attacks. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of formulations of thyme and oregano essential oil (EO) adsorbed on purified (Gh-P) and sulfuric acid-activated (Gh-A) ghassoul on the biological activity of fungal pathogens. Purified and activated ghassoul were characterized by XRD and FTIR, and EOs used in this study were issued from two medicinal plants known in Morocco and commercially available. Their chemical compositions were analyzed by the GC-MS technique. The main constituents of thyme EO were thymol (67.13%), ρ-cymene (4.85%), Z-caryophyllene (1.77%), and γ-terpinene (2.74%). Oregano EO contained carvacrol (59.82%), γ-terpinene (10.85%), and α-pinene (9.89%). This work focused on the study of the antifungal activity of EOs mixed with purified and sulfuric acid-activated ghassoul, in order to look for new natural bioactive products and assess their antifungal activity. Penicillium sp. was used as a pathogen agent for biological activity on Czapek agar medium. The results showed that the active ghassoul formulations had significant antifungal activity against Penicillium sp. Gh-A-thyme, Gh-A-thymol, and Gh-A-oregano had an inhibitory potential of more than 75% and excelled to retain it over time even after five months. On the other hand, the three purified ghassoul formulations (Gh-P-thyme, Gh-P-thymol, and Gh-P-oregano) showed an initial inhibitory power of less than 22%, which was decreasing over time.

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Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Essential Oils from Wild Growing Aromatic Plant Species of Skimmia laureola and Juniperus macropoda from Western Himalaya

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1501000669 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1934578X1501000

Author(s):

Iris Stappen ◽

Nurhayat Tabanca ◽

Abbas Ali ◽

David E. Wedge ◽

Jürgen Wanner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Western Himalaya ◽

Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Main Compound ◽

Solvent Control ◽

Main Components

The Himalayan region is very rich in a great variety of medicinal plants. In this investigation the essential oils of two selected species are described for their antimicrobial and larvicidal as well as biting deterrent activities. Additionally, the odors are characterized. Analyzed by simultaneous GC-MS and GC-FID, the essential oils’ chemical compositions are given. The main components of Skimmia laureola oil were linalool and linalyl acetate whereas sabinene was found as the main compound for Juniperus macropoda essential oil. Antibacterial testing by agar dilution assay revealed highest activity of S. laureola oil against all tested bacteria, followed by J. macropoda oil. Antifungal activity was evaluated against the strawberry anthracnose causing plant pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum, C. fragariae and C. gloeosporioides. Juniperus macropoda essential oil indicated higher antifungal activity against all three pathogens than S. laureola oil. Both essential oils showed biting deterrent activity above solvent control but low larvicidal activity.

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