scholarly journals Dealing with the epistemic-democratic tension in policy-making. Institutional design choices for multi-layered democratic innovations

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1893608
Author(s):  
Eva Krick
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Institutional Design

From Market Studies to Society Analysis

2005 ◽  
pp. 63-81
Author(s):  
Ya. Kouzminov ◽  
K. Bendoukidze ◽  
M. Yudkevich
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
The Real ◽  
Economic Agents

The article examines the main concepts of modern institutional theory and the ways its tools and concepts could be applied in the real policy-making. In particular, the authors focus on behavioral assumptions of the theory that allow them to explain the imperfection of economic agents’ behavior as a reason for rules and institutions to emerge. Problems of institutional design are also discussed.

Mea Culpa? The Role of Data Collection in Public Officials Acknowledging Policy Failure

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Sarah James
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Research Capacity ◽  
Policy Learning ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Policy Failure ◽  
The Impact

Abstract State governments, often described as “laboratories of democracy,” design and implement many public policies, but this moniker also implies course correction when initial efforts fail. But how do states learn from failure? Existing hypotheses about policy learning and broad research capacity are insufficient. Using case studies of failed juvenile justice policies in Texas and Washington, I explore when failure acknowledgment occurs at all. I argue that a state’s bureaucratic capacity to gather data—distinct from its analytical capacity—is necessary for public officials to acknowledge failure, highlighting the impact of policy and institutional design on evidence-based policy making and policy corrections.

Eugenics and the State: Policy-Making in Comparative Perspective

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Mottier
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
The Impact

This article proposes to shift the focus from eugenic science to its translation into concrete policy practices, adopting a comparative perspective. It draws on examples of eugenic policy-making in the United States, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Sweden, and Germany to explore the relation between eugenic science and the state, examining the impact of different state formations on cross-national variations in the political trajectories of eugenics. Eugenic movements were thus able to exert important influence on these states' policy-making apparatuses. This article also discusses the affect of specific institutional design on the ways in which eugenic policies are implemented. It also deals with political spectrum of eugenics and tends to amalgamate eugenics with conservative and extreme right-wing political ideologies.

De Europese eenmaking in de Vlaamse publieke opinie : onbekendheid, onverschilligheid, gelatenheid of machteloosheid

Res Publica ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 481-505
Author(s):  
Wilfried Dewachter
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
European Policy ◽  
Flemish Community ◽  
Important Policy ◽  
Opinion Polls

Unlike France, Denmark, Sweden, Austria and other E.U. countries Belgium has not yet organised a referendum on European policy matters, however important these may be. So one is constrained to opinion polls and survey data to grasp the attitude of the Flemish community towards European integration. Five important policy matters are examined: the introduction of the euro, the involvement in E.U. countries, the enlargement of the E.U. , the institutional design and the position ofthe Flemish community in the E.U. At the end, with about 20 % of the electorale trying to follow the intricate European polities, on the whole public opinion on Europe in Flanders seem to be a mixture of unfamiliarity, indifference, resignation and acceptance of the policy advocated by the elitist consensus in Belgium on these matters. The missing impetus is the incentives provided by a referendum to become concerned with the complex policy-making and policies in Europe.

European Union policy-making towards Mercosur

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arantza Gomez Arana
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Policy ◽  
Internal System ◽  
External Relations ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Eu

The European Union (EU) is not a state and is not a traditional International Organization. It is common to characterize it as a hybrid system with a federal component. Since nothing comparable to this exists at this point, understanding the internal system of the EU is crucial. In addition to outlining the internal policy-making of the EU, it is also important to understand the internal system of the Mercosur, particularly given that the Mercosur has tried to replicate the institutional design of the EU. Since its creation in 1957 with the Treaty of Rome, the EU has changed dramatically in a variety of ways in a short period of time. The discussion will examine these changes in relation to the period between 1985 and 2007. In addition to analysing the changes in policy-making over this period of the time it is also important to note that the number of EU member states has quadruplicated since it was created in 1957. It could be argued that this has resulted in a decline in the amount of power held by each individual member state. In 1986 Spain and, to a lesser extent, Portugal brought a Mediterranean influence into EU politics. This was later balanced out by further enlargement in 1995 which saw Austria, Finland and Sweden joining the EU. However, the single largest enlargement in the history of the EU took place in 2004 when 10 Central and Eastern Europe countries became EU members. Prior to 2004, this issue was the main focus of the EU external relations since 1989 until it came into effect in 2004. The end of the Cold War and the breakup of the Soviet Union into several independent republics absorbed EU external relations to the point that it had an effect on other external relations, including external relations with Latin America. The enlargement of the EU in 2007 is not discussed in any detail here because it did not have an impact on the EU policy towards Mercosur.

Judicial Politics

2020 ◽  
pp. 257-275
Author(s):  
Nuno Garoupa ◽  
Pedro C. Magalhães
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Judicial Politics ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Empirical Perspective ◽  
Points Of View

In this chapter, we discuss the judicial politics within the Spanish Constitutional Court from three main points of view. First, we discuss the origins and institutional design of the Court from a comparative perspective. Second, by making use of the standard approaches (attitudinal, strategic and legalist models of judicial behaviour), we examine the extent to which and the different ways in which political actors and other agents have engaged with the Court and what this has meant for its role in Spanish politics and policy-making. Finally, we focus on judicial behaviour in the Court, both from a comparative and an empirical perspective, and with a particular emphasis on the Court’s role in the allocation of powers and competencies between the central government and the ‘comunidades autónomas’.

scholarly journals ‘Independent Experts’ and Immigration Policies in the UK

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
Martin Ruhs
Keyword(s):  
Advisory Committee ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Advisory Body ◽  
University Of Oxford ◽  
Independent Analysis ◽  
Expert Advisory ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The University

This chapter discusses the experiences of the Migration Advisory Committee (MAC) and the Migration Observatory (MigObs) in providing independent analysis to inform immigration debates and policy‐making in the UK. The MAC was established by the UK government in 2007 and MigObs was launched as an ‘impact project’ by the University of Oxford in 2009. The chapter includes critical reflections and personal assessments based on the author’s role as one of five members of the MAC during 2007–2014 and as the first Director of MigObs during 2009–2012. The chapter shows how the institutional design of an impact initiative such as MigObs, or of an expert advisory body such as the MAC, can have important implications for its credibility and political acceptability, and thus long-term impacts on debates and policy-making.

scholarly journals Expertise and Participatory Governance: The Incorporation of Expert Knowledge in Local Participatory Processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Rico Motos ◽  
joan font ◽  
laurence bherer ◽  
graham smith
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Participatory Governance ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
External Consultants ◽  
Participatory Processes ◽  
Democratic Control ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
Quantitative Approaches

The need for democratic control of the application of expert knowledge is a common refrain in debates on the democratization of policy making. However, there has been relatively little attention empirically to how expert knowledge is integrated into local participatory processes. This paper analyzes how the assessments of local officers and external consultants are incorporated in a diversity of local participatory processes in Spain between 2007 and 2011. Our interest is in whether expert assessments of the feasibility of participants’ proposals takes place; and if so, whether there is transparent oversight of the application of these judgements. The paper combines qualitative and quantitative approaches to show the importance of institutional design when dealing with the timing, style and impact of expert knowledge in participatory processes.

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