scholarly journals Scribble: A master scaffold in polarity, adhesion, synaptogenesis, and proliferation

2018 ◽  
Vol 218 (3) ◽  
pp. 742-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa T. Bonello ◽  
Mark Peifer
Keyword(s):  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Scaffolding Proteins ◽  
Planar Polarity ◽  
Oriented Cell Division ◽  
Protein Partners ◽  
Direct Localization ◽  
Proliferation Regulation ◽  
Key Events

Key events ranging from cell polarity to proliferation regulation to neuronal signaling rely on the assembly of multiprotein adhesion or signaling complexes at particular subcellular sites. Multidomain scaffolding proteins nucleate assembly and direct localization of these complexes, and the protein Scribble and its relatives in the LAP protein family provide a paradigm for this. Scribble was originally identified because of its role in apical–basal polarity and epithelial integrity in Drosophila melanogaster. It is now clear that Scribble acts to assemble and position diverse multiprotein complexes in processes ranging from planar polarity to adhesion to oriented cell division to synaptogenesis. Here, we explore what we have learned about the mechanisms of action of Scribble in the context of its multiple known interacting partners and discuss how this knowledge opens new questions about the full range of Scribble protein partners and their structural and signaling roles.

scholarly journals Cellular and Supracellular Planar Polarity: A Multiscale Cue to Elongate the Drosophila Egg Chamber

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Popkova ◽  
Matteo Rauzi ◽  
Xiaobo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Periodic Oscillation ◽  
Planar Polarity ◽  
Fiber Network ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Oriented Cell Division ◽  
Actin Fiber ◽  
Egg Chamber ◽  
And Function ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Tissue elongation is known to be controlled by oriented cell division, elongation, migration and rearrangement. While these cellular processes have been extensively studied, new emerging supracellular mechanisms driving tissue extension have recently been unveiled. Tissue rotation and actomyosin contractions have been shown to be key processes driving Drosophila egg chamber elongation. First, egg chamber rotation facilitates the dorsal-ventral alignment of the extracellular matrix and of the cell basal actin fibers. Both fiber-like structures form supracellular networks constraining the egg growth in a polarized fashion thus working as ‘molecular corsets’. Second, the supracellular actin fiber network, powered by myosin periodic oscillation, contracts anisotropically driving tissue extension along the egg anterior-posterior axis. During both processes, cellular and supracellular planar polarity provide a critical cue to control Drosophila egg chamber elongation. Here we review how different planar polarized networks are built, maintained and function at both cellular and supracellular levels in the Drosophila ovarian epithelium.

scholarly journals Planar cell polarity signaling coordinates oriented cell division and cell rearrangement in clonally expanding growth plate cartilage

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuwei Li ◽  
Ang Li ◽  
Jason Junge ◽  
Marianne Bronner
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Cleavage Furrow ◽  
Tissue Architecture ◽  
Oriented Cell Division ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Column Formation ◽  
Single Column ◽  
Sister Cells

Both oriented cell divisions and cell rearrangements are critical for proper embryogenesis and organogenesis. However, little is known about how these two cellular events are integrated. Here we examine the linkage between these processes in chick limb cartilage. By combining retroviral-based multicolor clonal analysis with live imaging, the results show that single chondrocyte precursors can generate both single-column and multi-column clones through oriented division followed by cell rearrangements. Focusing on single column formation, we show that this stereotypical tissue architecture is established by a pivot-like process between sister cells. After mediolateral cell division, N-cadherin is enriched in the post-cleavage furrow; then one cell pivots around the other, resulting in stacking into a column. Perturbation analyses demonstrate that planar cell polarity signaling enables cells to pivot in the direction of limb elongation via this N-cadherin-mediated coupling. Our work provides new insights into the mechanisms generating appropriate tissue architecture of limb skeleton.

scholarly journals The Fz-Dsh Planar Cell Polarity Pathway Induces Oriented Cell Division via Mud/NuMA in Drosophila and Zebrafish

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 740-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Ségalen ◽  
Christopher A. Johnston ◽  
Charlotte A. Martin ◽  
Julien G. Dumortier ◽  
Kenneth E. Prehoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity Pathway ◽  
Oriented Cell Division

scholarly journals The Yeast Actin Cytoskeleton: from Cellular Function to Biochemical Mechanism

2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Moseley ◽  
Bruce L. Goode
Keyword(s):  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Actin Dynamics ◽  
Biochemical Mechanism ◽  
Cell Morphogenesis ◽  
Filamentous Actin ◽  
Actin Networks ◽  
External Cues ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms

SUMMARY All cells undergo rapid remodeling of their actin networks to regulate such critical processes as endocytosis, cytokinesis, cell polarity, and cell morphogenesis. These events are driven by the coordinated activities of a set of 20 to 30 highly conserved actin-associated proteins, in addition to many cell-specific actin-associated proteins and numerous upstream signaling molecules. The combined activities of these factors control with exquisite precision the spatial and temporal assembly of actin structures and ensure dynamic turnover of actin structures such that cells can rapidly alter their cytoskeletons in response to internal and external cues. One of the most exciting principles to emerge from the last decade of research on actin is that the assembly of architecturally diverse actin structures is governed by highly conserved machinery and mechanisms. With this realization, it has become apparent that pioneering efforts in budding yeast have contributed substantially to defining the universal mechanisms regulating actin dynamics in eukaryotes. In this review, we first describe the filamentous actin structures found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (patches, cables, and rings) and their physiological functions, and then we discuss in detail the specific roles of actin-associated proteins and their biochemical mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals Dishevelled stabilization by the ciliopathy protein Rpgrip1l is essential for planar cell polarity

2012 ◽  
Vol 198 (5) ◽  
pp. 927-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexia Mahuzier ◽  
Helori-Mael Gaudé ◽  
Valentina Grampa ◽  
Isabelle Anselme ◽  
Flora Silbermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Floor Plate ◽  
Renal Cells ◽  
Polarization Process ◽  
Planar Polarity ◽  
The Core ◽  
Cellular Events

Cilia are at the core of planar polarity cellular events in many systems. However, the molecular mechanisms by which they influence the polarization process are unclear. Here, we identify the function of the ciliopathy protein Rpgrip1l in planar polarity. In the mouse cochlea and in the zebrafish floor plate, Rpgrip1l was required for positioning the basal body along the planar polarity axis. Rpgrip1l was also essential for stabilizing dishevelled at the cilium base in the zebrafish floor plate and in mammalian renal cells. In rescue experiments, we showed that in the zebrafish floor plate the function of Rpgrip1l in planar polarity was mediated by dishevelled stabilization. In cultured cells, Rpgrip1l participated in a complex with inversin and nephrocystin-4, two ciliopathy proteins known to target dishevelled to the proteasome, and, in this complex, Rpgrip1l prevented dishevelled degradation. We thus uncover a ciliopathy protein complex that finely tunes dishevelled levels, thereby modulating planar cell polarity processes.

scholarly journals Multi-scale coordination of planar cell polarity in planarians

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanh Thi-Kim Vu ◽  
Sarah Mansour ◽  
Michael Kücken ◽  
Corinna Blasse ◽  
Cyril Basquin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Design Principle ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Planar Polarity ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
The Core ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Polarity Field

SummaryPolarity is a universal design principle of biological systems that manifests at all organizational scales. Although well understood at the cellular level, the mechanisms that coordinate polarity at the tissue or organismal scale remain poorly understood. Here, we make use of the extreme body plan plasticity of planarian flatworms to probe the multi-scale coordination of polarity. Quantitative analysis of ciliary rootlet orientation in the epidermis reveals a global polarization field with head and tail as independent mediators of anteroposterior (A/P) polarization and the body margin influencing mediolateral (M/L) polarization. Mathematical modeling demonstrates that superposition of separate A/P- and M/L-fields can explain the global polarity field and we identify the core planar cell polarity (PCP) and Ft/Ds pathways as their specific mediators. Overall, our study establishes a mechanistic framework for the multi-scale coordination of planar polarity in planarians and establishes the core PCP and Ft/Ds pathways as evolutionarily conserved 2D-polarization module.

scholarly journals Cadherin Sequences That Inhibit β-Catenin Signaling: A Study in Yeast and Mammalian Cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1177-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inbal Simcha ◽  
Catherine Kirkpatrick ◽  
Einat Sadot ◽  
Michael Shtutman ◽  
Gordon Polevoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Adherens Junction ◽  
Embryonic Cell ◽  
Scaffolding Proteins ◽  
Cell Fates ◽  
Protein Targets ◽  
Yeast Two Hybrid System ◽  
Protein Partners ◽  
Mammalian Homologue

Drosophila Armadillo and its mammalian homologue β-catenin are scaffolding proteins involved in the assembly of multiprotein complexes with diverse biological roles. They mediate adherens junction assembly, thus determining tissue architecture, and also transduce Wnt/Wingless intercellular signals, which regulate embryonic cell fates and, if inappropriately activated, contribute to tumorigenesis. To learn more about Armadillo/β-catenin's scaffolding function, we examined in detail its interaction with one of its protein targets, cadherin. We utilized two assay systems: the yeast two-hybrid system to study cadherin binding in the absence of Armadillo/β-catenin's other protein partners, and mammalian cells where interactions were assessed in their presence. We found that segments of the cadherin cytoplasmic tail as small as 23 amino acids bind Armadillo or β-catenin in yeast, whereas a slightly longer region is required for binding in mammalian cells. We used mutagenesis to identify critical amino acids required for cadherin interaction with Armadillo/β-catenin. Expression of such short cadherin sequences in mammalian cells did not affect adherens junctions but effectively inhibited β-catenin–mediated signaling. This suggests that the interaction between β-catenin and T cell factor family transcription factors is a sensitive target for disruption, making the use of analogues of these cadherin derivatives a potentially useful means to suppress tumor progression.

scholarly journals Wnt proteins can direct planar cell polarity in vertebrate ectoderm

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Wen Chu ◽  
Sergei Y Sokol
Keyword(s):  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Axis ◽  
Posterior Region ◽  
Planar Polarity ◽  
Wnt Proteins ◽  
Wnt Ligands ◽  
Dependent Processes

The coordinated orientation of cells across the tissue plane, known as planar cell polarity (PCP), is manifested by the segregation of core PCP proteins to different sides of the cell. Secreted Wnt ligands are involved in many PCP-dependent processes, yet whether they act as polarity cues has been controversial. We show that in Xenopus early ectoderm, the Prickle3/Vangl2 complex was polarized to anterior cell edges and this polarity was disrupted by several Wnt antagonists. In midgastrula embryos, Wnt5a, Wnt11, and Wnt11b, but not Wnt3a, acted across many cell diameters to orient Prickle3/Vangl2 complexes away from their sources regardless of their positions relative to the body axis. The planar polarity of endogenous Vangl2 in the neuroectoderm was similarly redirected by an ectopic Wnt source and disrupted after depletion of Wnt11b in the presumptive posterior region of the embryo. These observations provide evidence for the instructive role of Wnt ligands in vertebrate PCP.

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