scholarly journals Cellular Mechanism of Myelination in the Central Nervous System

1958 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo De Robertis ◽  
Hersch M. Gerschenfeld ◽  
Flora Wald
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Cell Cytoplasm ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Relationship Of

A study of myelination with electron microscopy has been carried out on the spinal cord of young rats and cats. In longitudinal and transverse sections the intimate relationship of the growing axons with the oligodendrocytes was observed. Early naked axons appear to be embedded within the cytoplasm and processes of the oligodendrocytes from which they are limited only by the intimately apposed membranes of both elements (axon-oligocytic membrane). In a transverse section several axons are observed to be in a single oligodendrocyte. The process of myelination consists in the laying down, within the cytoplasm of the oligodendrocyte and around the axon, of concentric membranous myelin layers. The first of these layers is deposited at a certain distance (200 to 600 A or more) from the axon-oligocytic membrane. This and all the other subsequently formed membranes have higher electron density and are apparently formed by the coalescence and fusion of vesicles (of 200 to 800 A) and membranes found in large amounts within the cytoplasm of the oligodendrocytes. At an early stage the myelin layers may be discontinuous and some vesicular material may even be trapped among them or between the myelin proper and the axon-oligocytic membrane. Then, when the 8th to 10th layer is deposited, the complete coalescence and alignment of the lamellae leads to the characteristic orderly multilayered organization of the myelin sheath. Myelination in the central nervous system appears to be a process of membrane synthesis within the cytoplasm of the oligodendrocyte and not a result of the wrapping of the plasma membranes as postulated in Geren's hypothesis for the peripheral nerve fibers. The possible participation of Schwann cell cytoplasm in peripheral myelination is now being investigated.

scholarly journals The relationship between the borderline trunk of the sympathetic nerve and the central nervous system

2020 ◽  
Vol VII (2) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
S. A. Trushkovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Further Development

The question of the relationship of the borderline trunk of the sympathetic nerve to the central nervous system is almost completely undeveloped until the present time, and only recently, thanks to the improvement of methods for studying nerve fibers, it became possible for a more accurate further development of this issue.

scholarly journals Development of the Cerebrospinal Fluid in Early Stage after Hemorrhage in the Central Nervous System

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Petr Kelbich ◽  
Aleš Hejčl ◽  
Jan Krejsek ◽  
Tomáš Radovnický ◽  
Inka Matuchová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Molecular Patterns

Extravasation of blood in the central nervous system (CNS) represents a very strong damaged associated molecular patterns (DAMP) which is followed by rapid inflammation and can participate in worse outcome of patients. We analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 139 patients after the CNS hemorrhage. We compared 109 survivors (Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) 5-3) and 30 patients with poor outcomes (GOS 2-1). Statistical evaluations were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Mann–Whitney U test. Almost the same numbers of erythrocytes in both subgroups appeared in days 0–3 (p = 0.927) and a significant increase in patients with GOS 2-1 in days 7–10 after the hemorrhage (p = 0.004) revealed persistence of extravascular blood in the CNS as an adverse factor. We assess 43.3% of patients with GOS 2-1 and only 27.5% of patients with GOS 5-3 with low values of the coefficient of energy balance (KEB < 15.0) in days 0–3 after the hemorrhage as a trend to immediate intensive inflammation in the CNS of patients with poor outcomes. We consider significantly higher concentration of total protein of patients with GOS 2-1 in days 0–3 after hemorrhage (p = 0.008) as the evidence of immediate simultaneously manifested intensive inflammation, swelling of the brain and elevation of intracranial pressure.

Bone-brain crosstalk and potential associated diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Rousseaud ◽  
Stephanie Moriceau ◽  
Mariana Ramos-Brossier ◽  
Franck Oury
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Reciprocal Relationships ◽  
Skeletal Homeostasis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

AbstractReciprocal relationships between organs are essential to maintain whole body homeostasis. An exciting interplay between two apparently unrelated organs, the bone and the brain, has emerged recently. Indeed, it is now well established that the brain is a powerful regulator of skeletal homeostasis via a complex network of numerous players and pathways. In turn, bone via a bone-derived molecule, osteocalcin, appears as an important factor influencing the central nervous system by regulating brain development and several cognitive functions. In this paper we will discuss this complex and intimate relationship, as well as several pathologic conditions that may reinforce their potential interdependence.

Understanding Neuropathic Pain

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Zieglgänsberger ◽  
Achim Berthele ◽  
Thomas R. Tölle
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Excitatory Neurotransmitters ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Activity Dependent

AbstractNeuropathic pain is defined as a chronic pain condition that occurs or persists after a primary lesion or dysfunction of the peripheral or central nervous system. Traumatic injury of peripheral nerves also increases the excitability of nociceptors in and around nerve trunks and involves components released from nerve terminals (neurogenic inflammation) and immunological and vascular components from cells resident within or recruited into the affected area. Action potentials generated in nociceptors and injured nerve fibers release excitatory neurotransmitters at their synaptic terminals such as L-glutamate and substance P and trigger cellular events in the central nervous system that extend over different time frames. Short-term alterations of neuronal excitability, reflected for example in rapid changes of neuronal discharge activity, are sensitive to conventional analgesics, and do not commonly involve alterations in activity-dependent gene expression. Novel compounds and new regimens for drug treatment to influence activity-dependent long-term changes in pain transducing and suppressive systems (pain matrix) are emerging.

On humoral factors in nervous activity

1935 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 777-787
Author(s):  
D. S. Vorontsov
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Active Part ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Not only in the peripheral working organs, irritating substances are formed, which, as we can see, take an active part in their regulation, but also in the central nervous system, in the relationship of its individual elements, such substances apparently play an important role.

scholarly journals Schwannoma of the arythenoid

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Molinari Nardi ◽  
Alexandre Wakil Burzichelli ◽  
Elio Gilberto Pfuetzenreiter ◽  
Rogerio Aparecido Dedivitis
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Endoscopic Procedure ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Schwannoma is a benign encapsulated tumor that originates from the Schwann cells lining nerve fibers outside the central nervous system. We report a rare case of schwannoma that arose from the left arythenoid cartilage The patient underwent excision of the mass through microlaryngeal endoscopic procedure. No recurrence was observed during follow-up.

Diabetes mellitus and the central nervous system

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
E V Surkova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Relationship Of

The review considers the current views on the central nervous system (CNS) in diabetes mellitus (DM). It discusses an attitude towards the term «diabetic encephalopathy». The data of investigations of cognitive functions in types 1 and 2 DM and the brain structural imaging results obtained using up-to-date technologies are considered. The results of studies of the factors that induce cerebral changes in DM and their associated cognitive impairments are given. There is evidence that hyperglycemia has a more considerable impact on the above processes than hypoglycemia; other possible factors, apart from blood glucose control, are set out. The current views on the function of insulin in the CNS and the relationship of central insulin resistance to Alzheimer’s disease are outlined. There are current data on intranasal insulin application that is still exploratory, but, as might be judged from the findings, may by a promising method for the treatment and prevention of cognitive decline in both patients with DM and those without this condition.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document