scholarly journals CELL SORTING IN THE PRESENCE OF CYTOCHALASIN B

1972 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 542-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. Armstrong ◽  
David Parenti
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Cell Sorting ◽  
Cytochalasin B ◽  
Monolayer Culture ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Neural Retina ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Adhesive Interaction ◽  
Cellular Locomotion

The ability of cytochalasin B to inhibit ruffled membrane activity and cellular locomotion of vertebrate cells in monolayer culture prompted its use to study the necessity for this kind of active cellular locomotion in cell sorting in heterotypic cell aggregates. Cell sorting was inhibited in chick embryo heart-pigmented retina aggregates but a remarkable degree of sorting did occur in neural retina-pigmented retina aggregates. In these experiments, the levels of cytochalasin B employed (5 or 10 µg/ml) are sufficient to inhibit completely locomotion of these cell types in monolayer culture. It is proposed that the degree of cell movement achieved during sorting in neural retina-pigmented retina aggregates in the presence of cytochalasin B is the result of changes in cell contact resulting from adhesive interaction of cells. The effect of cytochalasin B on the initial aggregation of dissociated cells was also tested. With the cell types used in this study (chick embryo neural retina and limb bud), aggregation was not affected for a period of several hours.

Cell contacts and sorting out in vivo: the behaviour of some embryonic tissues implanted into the developing chick wing

Development ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-237
Author(s):  
C. Tickle ◽  
M. Goodman ◽  
L. Wolpert
Keyword(s):  
Neural Tube ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Neural Retina ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Embryonic Liver ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Embryonic Tissues ◽  
Mixed Aggregates ◽  
Wing Bud

The interaction of cells from embryonic liver, neural retina and mesonephros with cells from limb-bud mesenchyme has been investigated in vivo by grafting these tissues into the developing chick wing-bud. The implanted cells were in all cases from quail tissue which can be recognized histologically. As embryonic liver and neural tube are tissues that sort externally to limb-bud mesenchyme in mixed aggregates, it would be expected, from a differential adhesiveness hypothesis, that heterotypic adhesions along the borders of graft and host would be favoured over cell-cell adhesions in the graft. No morphological signs of this were evident: rather the grafted cells maximized like-like contacts. The cells of the grafts, including those from control mesenchyme, did not invade into the wing. The results were the same irrespective of whether the graft was a fragment of tissue or a pellet of reaggregated cells. This supports the idea that cells within tissues are not actively moving around and also provides controls for assaying the invasiveness of other cell types, such as malignant cells into the wing.

Histotypic Cell Aggregation in the Presence of Cytochalasin B

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-663
Author(s):  
D. E. MASLOW ◽  
E. MAYHEW
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Cytochalasin B ◽  
Cell Aggregation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Neural Retina ◽  
Heart Cell ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Mixed Aggregates ◽  
Gyratory Shaker

A study was made of the effects of cytochalasin B on (a) specific sorting of reaggregating cells; (b) redistribution of cell types after treatment of preformed aggregates; and (c) the ability of aggregates of one cell type to incorporate and sort cells of another type. Freshly disaggregated neural retina and heart cells were cultured on a gyratory shaker at 70 rev/min and the aggregates formed analysed for sorting of cell types. Cytochalasin B disrupted the sorting of forming aggregates at concentrations of 1 µg/ml and greater. The distribution of cell types in aggregates that were treated with cytochalasin after 24 h of culture was more random than the control. Untreated cultures of retinal aggregates and heart cell suspension resulted in pure retinal and pure heart aggregates, but with more than 50 % mixed and sorted aggregates. Cytochalasin B treatment resulted in fewer mixed aggregates and a higher proportion of pure retina and pure heart aggregates.

Observations on the sorting-out of embryonic cells in monolayer culture

1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-403
Author(s):  
M.S. Steinberg ◽  
D.R. Garrod
Keyword(s):  
Monolayer Culture ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Contact Inhibition ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Embryonic Cells ◽  
Embryo Cells ◽  
Embryonic Limb

Two problems are raised concerning the movement of cells during tissue-specific sorting-out of chick embryo cells in mixed aggregates. (i) A possible expectation from the hypothesis of ‘contact inhibition’ is that cells which are entirely surrounded by other cells in monolayer should be held stationary. Cells within solid aggregates, being totally surrounded by others, might also not be expected to move. How is it then that cell movement takes place within solid aggregates during sorting-out? (ii) Are the movements of cells within sorting aggregates ‘passive’, being driven by adhesive differentials or ‘active’, being merely guided by such differentials? In order to study these questions, sorting out experiments with chick embryonic limb bud mesenchyme and liver cells were carried out in monolayer culture, permitting direct observation of cell movements. Cell behavior was observed by time-lapse cinematography. Sorting-out of these cells in monolayer began before and continued after the cells had spread to confluency. During sorting, liver cells showed ruffing activity even when they appeared to be totally surrounded by other cells. Both cell types showed contact inhibition as judged by the criterion of monolayering, for they did not move over each other but remained attached to the substratum. Yet the cells in the confluent monolayer were not immobilized. Because of this, we suggest that the observed restraint against overlapping did not result from an inhibition of movement. Several considerations, detailed in the text, suggest that cell movement during sorting-out involve active locomotion. Previous work suggest that sorting-out configurations are determined by the relative intensities of intercellular adhesive strengths, the more cohesive of 2 cell populations tending to adopt the internal position. While limb bud cells form internal islands surrounded by liver cells in solid aggregates, the reverse was found to be the case in these monolayers. This suggests that, in the monolayer, limb bud cohesiveness is depressed relative to liver cell cohesiveness. This is consistent with the observation that the limb bud cells flattened themselves markedly against the substratum, significantly decreasing their area of mutual apposition.

scholarly journals Purinergic and muscarinic Ca2+ mobilizations in the neural retina of chick embryo.

1996 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Masayuki Yamashita ◽  
Yoko Sakaki ◽  
Miho Sugioka
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Neural Retina

scholarly journals Urinary Extracellular Vesicles: Uncovering the Basis of the Pathological Processes in Kidney-Related Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6507
Author(s):  
Giulia Cricrì ◽  
Linda Bellucci ◽  
Giovanni Montini ◽  
Federica Collino
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Barrier ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Filtration Barrier ◽  
Multicellular Interactions ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Cell Crosstalk

Intercellular communication governs multicellular interactions in complex organisms. A variety of mechanisms exist through which cells can communicate, e.g., cell-cell contact, the release of paracrine/autocrine soluble molecules, or the transfer of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are membrane-surrounded structures released by almost all cell types, acting both nearby and distant from their tissue/organ of origin. In the kidney, EVs are potent intercellular messengers released by all urinary system cells and are involved in cell crosstalk, contributing to physiology and pathogenesis. Moreover, urine is a reservoir of EVs coming from the circulation after crossing the glomerular filtration barrier—or originating in the kidney. Thus, urine represents an alternative source for biomarkers in kidney-related diseases, potentially replacing standard diagnostic techniques, including kidney biopsy. This review will present an overview of EV biogenesis and classification and the leading procedures for isolating EVs from body fluids. Furthermore, their role in intra-nephron communication and their use as a diagnostic tool for precision medicine in kidney-related disorders will be discussed.

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