scholarly journals CAPSULATION OF PNEUMOCOCCUS WITH SOLUBLE CELL WALL-LIKE POLYSACCHARIDE

1971 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Schiffman ◽  
Donald L. Bornstein ◽  
Robert Austrian
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Spontaneous Mutant ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharide ◽  
Acid Moiety ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Soluble Cell ◽  
Soluble C ◽  
Immunologic Analysis

Methods are described for the separation of the C or cell wall polysaccharide from the Cs or soluble C-like capsular polysaccharide of Cs pneumococcal strains. Immunologic analysis has shown that both the C and Cs polysaccharides of a variety of pneumococcal strains are heterogeneous and that the dissimilarities appear to reside in the mucopeptide portion of the molecule or in the region of its attachment to the teichoic acid moiety of the molecule rather than in the teichoic acid fraction. Differences of the type described have been observed in the C polysaccharides of wild-type capsulated strains of several types, in those of independently isolated noncapsulated variants derived from a single strain of a given capsular type, and in the C and Cs polysaccharides of spontaneous mutant or transformed strains of pneumococci producing capsules of Cs polysaccharide.

An acidic water-soluble cell wall polysaccharide: a chemotaxonomic marker for Fusarium and Gibberella

2000 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Ahrazem ◽  
B. Gómez-Miranda ◽  
A. Prieto ◽  
I. Barasoaín ◽  
M. Bernabé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharide ◽  
Acidic Water ◽  
Soluble Cell ◽  
Chemotaxonomic Marker

scholarly journals LytR-CpsA-Psr Enzymes as Determinants of Bacillus anthracis Secondary Cell Wall Polysaccharide Assembly

2014 ◽  
Vol 197 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Liszewski Zilla ◽  
Yvonne G. Y. Chan ◽  
Justin Mark Lunderberg ◽  
Olaf Schneewind ◽  
Dominique Missiakas
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharide ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Layer Assembly

Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, replicates as chains of vegetative cells by regulating the separation of septal peptidoglycan. Surface (S)-layer proteins and associated proteins (BSLs) function as chain length determinants and bind to the secondary cell wall polysaccharide (SCWP). In this study, we identified theB. anthracislcpDmutant, which displays increased chain length and S-layer assembly defects due to diminished SCWP attachment to peptidoglycan. In contrast, theB. anthracislcpB3variant displayed reduced cell size and chain length, which could be attributed to increased deposition of BSLs. In other bacteria, LytR-CpsA-Psr (LCP) proteins attach wall teichoic acid (WTA) and polysaccharide capsule to peptidoglycan.B. anthracisdoes not synthesize these polymers, yet its genome encodes six LCP homologues, which, when expressed inS. aureus, promote WTA attachment. We propose a model wherebyB. anthracisLCPs promote attachment of SCWP precursors to discrete locations in the peptidoglycan, enabling BSL assembly and regulated separation of septal peptidoglycan.

Determination of the cell wall polysaccharide and teichoic acid structures from Lactococcus lactis IL1403

2018 ◽  
Vol 462 ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Vinogradov ◽  
Irina Sadovskaya ◽  
Pascal Courtin ◽  
Saulius Kulakauskas ◽  
Thierry Grard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharide ◽  
Lactis Il1403

scholarly journals Chemical Structure, Conjugation, and Cross-Reactivity of Bacillus pumilus Sh18 Cell Wall Polysaccharide

2004 ◽  
Vol 186 (20) ◽  
pp. 6891-6901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Kubler-Kielb ◽  
Bruce Coxon ◽  
Rachel Schneerson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Bacillus Pumilus ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharide ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate

ABSTRACT Bacillus pumilus strain Sh18 cell wall polysaccharide (CWP), cross-reactive with the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b, was purified and its chemical structure was elucidated using fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, and sugar-specific degradation procedures. Two major structures, 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate) and 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate), with the latter partially substituted by 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-galactopyranose (13%) and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-glucopyranose (6%) on position O-2, were found. A minor component was established to be a polymer of →3-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-glucopyranosyl)-1→4-ribitol-1-OPO3→. The ratios of the three components were 56, 34, and 10 mol%, respectively. The Sh18 CWP was covalently bound to carrier proteins, and the immunogenicity of the resulting conjugates was evaluated in mice. Two methods of conjugation were compared: (i) binding of 1-cyano-4-dimethylaminopyridinium tetrafluoroborate-activated hydroxyl groups of the CWP to adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH)-derivatized protein, and (ii) binding of the carbodiimide-activated terminal phosphate group of the CWP to ADH-derivatized protein. The conjugate-induced antibodies reacted in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with the homologous polysaccharide and with a number of other bacterial polysaccharides containing ribitol and glycerol phosphates, including H. influenzae types a and b and strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.

scholarly journals CAPSULATION OF PNEUMOCOCCUS WITH SOLUBLE C-LIKE (Cs) POLYSACCHARIDE

1968 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 1385-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Bornstein ◽  
Gerald Schiffman ◽  
Harriet P. Bernheimer ◽  
Robert Austrian
Keyword(s):  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Genetic Locus ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharide ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Polysaccharide Synthesis ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide ◽  
Quellung Reaction ◽  
Capsular Material ◽  
Soluble C

Capsulated mutants of pneumococcus producing a capsule of soluble polysaccharide related immunologically to the C or cell wall polysaccharide of pneumococcus have been isolated from several noncapsulated variants of this organism. The capsular material of these strains reacts with antisera both to homologous strains and to noncapsulated strains of pneumococcus and with human C-reactive protein. C-reactive protein has been shown to give a positive capsular precipitin or Quellung reaction with Cs pneumococcal variants and to agglutinate them. The genetic locus which determines the production of Cs polysaccharide is situated in a region of the pneumococcal chromosome distinct from that controlling normal capsular polysaccharide synthesis. Binary and ternary capsulated pneumococci, one of the capsular components of which is Cs polysaccharide, have been isolated following DNA-mediated transformation.

scholarly journals Crystal structure to 2.45 Å resolution of a monoclonal Fab specific for theBrucellaA cell wall polysaccharide antigen

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 1106-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Rose ◽  
M. Przybylska ◽  
R. J. To ◽  
C. S. Kayden ◽  
E. Vorberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharide ◽  
Polysaccharide Antigen

scholarly journals PUL-Mediated Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharide Utilization in the Gut Bacteroidetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3077
Author(s):  
Zhenzhen Hao ◽  
Xiaolu Wang ◽  
Haomeng Yang ◽  
Tao Tu ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharide ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Gut Microbial Community

Plant cell wall polysaccharides (PCWP) are abundantly present in the food of humans and feed of livestock. Mammalians by themselves cannot degrade PCWP but rather depend on microbes resident in the gut intestine for deconstruction. The dominant Bacteroidetes in the gut microbial community are such bacteria with PCWP-degrading ability. The polysaccharide utilization systems (PUL) responsible for PCWP degradation and utilization are a prominent feature of Bacteroidetes. In recent years, there have been tremendous efforts in elucidating how PULs assist Bacteroidetes to assimilate carbon and acquire energy from PCWP. Here, we will review the PUL-mediated plant cell wall polysaccharides utilization in the gut Bacteroidetes focusing on cellulose, xylan, mannan, and pectin utilization and discuss how the mechanisms can be exploited to modulate the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals UDP-glucose dehydrogenases of maize: a role in cell wall pentose biosynthesis

2005 ◽  
Vol 391 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kärkönen ◽  
Alain Murigneux ◽  
Jean-Pierre Martinant ◽  
Elodie Pepey ◽  
Christophe Tatout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Glucose Dehydrogenase ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharide ◽  
Polysaccharide Biosynthesis ◽  
Polysaccharide Synthesis ◽  
Ethanol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Adh Activity

UDPGDH (UDP-D-glucose dehydrogenase) oxidizes UDP-Glc (UDP-D-glucose) to UDP-GlcA (UDP-D-glucuronate), the precursor of UDP-D-xylose and UDP-L-arabinose, major cell wall polysaccharide precursors. Maize (Zea mays L.) has at least two putative UDPGDH genes (A and B), according to sequence similarity to a soya bean UDPGDH gene. The predicted maize amino acid sequences have 95% similarity to that of soya bean. Maize mutants with a Mu-element insertion in UDPGDH-A or UDPGDH-B were isolated (udpgdh-A1 and udpgdh-B1 respectively) and studied for changes in wall polysaccharide biosynthesis. The udpgdh-A1 and udpgdh-B1 homozygotes showed no visible phenotype but exhibited 90 and 60–70% less UDPGDH activity respectively than wild-types in a radiochemical assay with 30 μM UDP-glucose. Ethanol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity varied independently of UDPGDH activity, supporting the hypothesis that ADH and UDPGDH activities are due to different enzymes in maize. When extracts from wild-types and udpgdh-A1 homozygotes were assayed with increasing concentrations of UDP-Glc, at least two isoforms of UDPGDH were detected, having Km values of approx. 380 and 950 μM for UDP-Glc. Leaf and stem non-cellulosic polysaccharides had lower Ara/Gal and Xyl/Gal ratios in udpgdh-A1 homozygotes than in wild-types, whereas udpgdh-B1 homozygotes exhibited more variability among individual plants, suggesting that UDPGDH-A activity has a more important role than UDPGDH-B in UDP-GlcA synthesis. The fact that mutation of a UDPGDH gene interferes with polysaccharide synthesis suggests a greater importance for the sugar nucleotide oxidation pathway than for the myo-inositol pathway in UDP-GlcA biosynthesis during post-germinative growth of maize.

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