scholarly journals THE BEHAVIOR OF ELASTIC TISSUE IN THE POSTFETAL OCCLUSION AND OBLITERATION OF THE DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS (BOTALLI) IN SUS SCROFA

1914 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Parsons Schaeffer
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Elastic Membrane ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
Elastic Tissue ◽  
Tissue Cells ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus Botalli ◽  
Elastic Fibrils

A study of the histogenesis of elastic tissue in the embryonic ductus arteriosus of Sus scrofa is in accord with the theory that elastic fibrils are directly differentiated in the outlying portion of the protoplasm of the early connective tissue cell. In the occlusion of the postfetal ductus arteriosus of Sus scrofa there is early a hypertrophy of the internal elastic membrane. Subsequently there takes place a marked delamination of the thickened internal elastic membrane in the production of new and independent elastic fibers and lamellæ. The formation of new elastic fibers from preformed elastic tissue is most abundant where the postfetal contraction of the ductus arteriosus is least marked. These new elastic fibers play an important part in the occlusion of the lumen of the postfetal ductus. Aside from the extensive formation of elastic fibers from preformed elastic tissue, in the occlusion of the lumen of the postfetal ductus arteriosus of Sus scrofa, there are also some elastic fibrils formed from non-elastic elements, apparently from connective tissue cells. In some recent preliminary work on ligations of the common carotid artery there was found, after an interval of from eight to twelve days, at some points between the ligatures, a slight but obvious cellular thickening of the so-called subendothelial stratum. Some of these connective tissue cells may have wandered from the other coats of the vessel, through the inner elastic membrane into the subendothelial stratum; others may have proliferated from cells in situ. Specific stains revealed near the periphery of some of these cells, i. e., in the outlying portion of the exoplasm, very delicate elastic fibrils, apparently the product of protoplasmic activity.

Elastic properties of single elastic fibers

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Carton ◽  
John Dainauskas ◽  
John W. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Exponential Function ◽  
Elastic System ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Elastic Tissue ◽  
Elastic Network ◽  
Single Fibers ◽  
Applied Tension

The elastic properties of elastic tissue were studied in a situation which minimized the effects of extraneous connective tissue and of the position of fibers in the elastic network. Single elastic fibers were dissected free from the ligamentum nuchae of the ox and were stretched under conditions of constant temperature and salinity. The strain was an exponential function of the applied tension. Single fibers were found somewhat less stretchable than the ligaments from which they were taken. The data given can be used to calculate the contribution of such elastic fibers to the behavior of an elastic system in which they are incorporated. Submitted on August 7, 1961

scholarly journals THE GROWTH OF TISSUE IN ACID MEDIA

1913 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyton Rous
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Artificial Circulation ◽  
Acid Media ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Tissue Cells

Connective tissue cells of chick embryos and cells of a chicken sarcoma, proliferating in vitro, soon render acid the plasma about them, but they nevertheless continue to grow well. Evidently the tissue cell will withstand a considerably greater change in the reaction of the fluids about it than has usually been supposed. Under conditions of in vitro life in plasma, which do not provide for an artificial circulation, the acid produced by growing tissues diffuses only slowly and is subject to little dilution from this source. About tissues which grow very rapidly in vitro, as, for example, tumor tissues, there must be a marked concentration of metabolic products, and this may largely account for the poor results of attempts at the continuous propagation of such tissues in vitro.

scholarly journals Sources of Arterial Vascularization of the Polar Owl’s Kidneys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina V. Pervenetskaya ◽  
Lydmila V. Fomenko ◽  
Maksim V. Koshkarev
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Renal Arteries ◽  
Muscle Membrane ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Elastic Membrane ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Loose Connective Tissue ◽  
Internal Iliac ◽  
Oil Paints

The sources of vascularization of the kidneys of five polar owl carcasses were studied by filling the vessels with self-hardening plastic Belokril through the femoral artery. High-grade oil paints were added to the monomer to give the vessels the desired color. After the injection, the carcasses were placed in a high concentration caustic soda solution for three days. The resulting corrosion impression was washed under warm water and dried. It was identified that in the lumbar trunk, the main vessel was the descending aorta, from which extra- and intraorganic arteries departed for vascularizing the kidneys. Extraorganic arteries included external and internal iliac, sciatic and middle sacral arteries. Intraorganic arteries included cranial, middle, and caudal renal arteries. Inside the parenchyma of each lobe of the kidney, intraorganic arteries branched in the main type of caudomedial, dorsomedial and lateromedial directions and were subdivided into segmental, interlobular and perilobular arteries and intralobular capillaries. An asymmetry in the branching of the renal arteries was observed. During histological examination, we noted that the renal arteries were lined with endothelium on the inner side and the intima contained endotheliocytes with oval nuclei. Under the endothelial layer were loose collagen fibers running along the middle shell. There was no loose connective tissue between the inner and middle shells, so the subendothelial layer was very weak and there was no internal elastic membrane. The muscle membrane was well developed, with collagen and elastic fibers located between the muscle fibers. The outer shell was represented by loose connective tissue with the presence of arterial and venous vessels. The collagen fibers had a slightly convoluted course. Keywords: birds, polar owl, arteries, kidneys, parenchyma, capillaries, endotheliocytes, intima

A New System for Cyclical Tensile Loading of Cultured Connective Tissue Cells in a Three-Dimensional Gel Matrix

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Dussault ◽  
Dominic I. Young ◽  
Neil A. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
3D Matrix ◽  
Tissue Cells ◽  
Sense And Respond

Cells can sense and respond to the mechanical load present in connective tissue. Cell shape has been correlated to the local mechanical environment in a variety of connective tissue cells [1,2], and cell deformation has been suggested as a mechanism to transduce tissue mechanical signals to the nucleus via the cytoskeleton [3,4]. Though many connective tissues are subjected to tensile loads, to date very limited investigations have been reported on the effect of tensile loads on the mechano-biology of isolated cells. To apply tensile loads to isolated connective tissue cells requires a three-dimensional (3D) matrix to maintain cell phenotype, and a highly elastic matrix to enable the large deformations that the cells experience in situ.

scholarly journals THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE HISTOCHEMISTRY OF NORMAL AND SOME PATHOLOGICAL SKIN

1962 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 710-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. MITCHELL SAMS ◽  
J. GRAHAM SMITH ◽  
EUGENE A. DAVIDSON
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Intermolecular Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Acid Mucopolysaccharide ◽  
Cysteic Acid ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Bromphenol Blue ◽  
Elastic Tissue ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Acid Mucopolysaccharides ◽  
Testicular Hyaluronidase

A detailed histochemical study of the connective tissue of the skin has been presented. The stains used included hematoxylin and cosin, Mowry's colloidal iron and alcian blue for acid mucopolysaccharides, bromphenol blue for proteins, synthetic orcein and Verhoeff's for elastic tissue, and a combined Mowry's colloidal iron-orcein stain. Blocking procedures employed included methylation, demethylation, acetylation, deamination, and oxidation. Enzyme extractions were performed with testicular hyaluronidase. Representative diseases of the following three types were studied: 1) those due to or influenced by the effects of solar radiation; 2) those associated with abnormal elastic fibers without particular relationship to the amount of actinic radiation; and, 3) those associated with large numbers of fibroblasts. In chronically sun-damaged skin such as actinic elastosis, actinic keratosis, and basal cell epithelioma, markedly increased amounts of acid mucopolysaccharides were found in the areas of basophilic and orceinophilic material. Polymorphic light eruption and discoid and disseminate lupus erythematosus were found to have numerous acid mucopolysaccharide strands throughout the upper one-half of the dermis. Elastosis perforans serpiginosa displayed increased acid mucopolysaccharides associated with its orceinophilic fibers. Approximately 75% of the acid mucopolysaccharide in sun-damaged skin and elastosis perforans serpiginosa was removed by testicular hyaluronidase. In pseudoxanthoma elasticum each curled elastic fiber was found in the center of a pool of acid mucopolysaccharide, as though, when it retracted, it brought its mucopolysaccharide sheath with it. This acid mucopolysaccharide, in contrast to that found in sun-damaged skin and elastosis perforans serpiginosa, is only slightly labile to testicular hyaluronidase. Acid mucopolysaccharides were also found in large quantity wherever there were young fibroblasts as in dermatofibromas, neurofibromas, keloids, and fibroepithelial polyps, and is believed by the authors to represent de novo production by these cells rather than "mucinous degeneration." Hyaluronidase removed approximately 75% of the acid mucopolysaccharides in all conditions associated with young fibroblasts. The usefulness of the combined Mowry-Haleorcein stain was stressed. From the evidence presented, doubt was cast on the presently held concept that colloidal iron binding is by dissociated acid groups alone; iron may also be chelated by the intermolecular hydrogen bond of acid mucopolysaccharides. Oxidation greatly increased the intensity of Mowry-Hale staining: bromine probably by direct bromination and formation of cysteic acid and permanganate probably by formation of carboxyl groups.

Ultrastructure and Staining of Developing Elastic Tissue

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
E. N. Albert
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Rat Aorta ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Elastic Tissue ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
New Born

Silver tetraphenylporphine sulfonate (Ag-TPPS) was synthesized in this laboratory and used as an electron dense stain for elastic tissue (Fig 1). The procedures for the synthesis of tetraphenylporphine sulfonate and the staining method for mature elastic tissue have been described previously.The fine structure of developing elastic tissue was observed in fetal and new born rat aorta using tetraphenylporphine sulfonate, phosphotungstic acid, uranyl acetate and lead citrate. The newly forming elastica consisted of two morphologically distinct components. These were a central amorphous and a peripheral fibrous. The ratio of the central amorphous and the peripheral fibrillar portion changed in favor of the former with increasing age.It was also observed that the staining properties of the two components were entirely different. The peripheral fibrous component stained with uranyl acetate and/or lead citrate while the central amorphous portion demonstrated no affinity for these stains. On the other hand, the central amorphous portion of developing elastic fibers stained vigorously with silver tetraphenylporphine sulfonate, while the fibrillar part did not (compare figs 2, 3, 4). Based upon the above observations it is proposed that developing elastica consists of two components that are morphologically and chemically different.

HVEM Analysis of Microfilament Patterns in The Margins of Tissue Cells

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 808-811
Author(s):  
Carol Allen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Movement ◽  
Cell Spreading ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Cell Periphery ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Lamellar Region ◽  
Tissue Cells

When provided with a suitable solid substrate, tissue cells undergo a rapid conversion from the spherical form expressed in suspension culture to a characteristic flattened morphology. As a result of this conversion, called cell spreading, the cell nucleus and organelles come to occupy a central region of “deep cytoplasm” which slopes steeply into a peripheral “lamellar” region less than 1 pm thick at its outer edge and generally free of cell organelles. Cell spreading is accomplished by a continuous outward repositioning of the lamellar margins. Cell translocation on the substrate results when the activity of the lamellae on one side of the cell become dominant. When this occurs, the cell is “polarized” and moves in the direction of the “leading lamellae”. Careful analysis of tissue cell locomotion by time-lapse microphotography (1) has shown that the deformational movements of the leading lamellae occur in a repeating cycle of advance and retreat in the direction of cell movement and that the rate of such deformations are positively correlated with the speed of cell movement. In the present study, the physical basis for these movements of the cell margin has been examined by comparative light microscopy of living cells with whole-mount electron microscopy of fixed cells. Ultrastructural observations were made on tissue cells grown on Formvar-coated grids, fixed with glutaraldehyde, further processed by critical-point drying, and then photographed in the High Voltage Electron Microscope. This processing and imaging system maintains the 3-dimensional organization of the whole cell, the relationship of the cell to the substrate, and affords a large sample size which facilitates quantitative analysis. Comparative analysis of film records of living cells with the whole-cell micrographs revealed that specific patterns of microfilament organization consistently accompany recognizable stages of lamellar formation and movement. The margins of spreading cells and the leading lamellae of locomoting cells showed a similar pattern of MF repositionings (Figs. 1-4). These results will be discussed in terms of a working model for the mechanics of lamellar motility which includes the following major features: (a) lamellar protrusion results when an intracellular force is exerted at a locally weak area of the cell periphery; (b) the association of cortical MFs with one another determines the local resistance to this force; (c) where MF-to-MF association is weak, the cell periphery expands and some cortical MFs are dragged passively forward; (d) contact of the expanded area with the substrate then triggers the lateral association and reorientation of these cortical MFs into MF bundles parallel to the direction of the expansion; and (e) an active interaction between these MF bundles associated with the cortex of the expanded lamellae and the cortical MFs which remained in the sub-lamellar region then pulls the latter MFs forward toward the expanded area. Thus, the advance of the cell periphery on the substrate occurs in two stages: a passive phase in which some cortical MFs are dragged outward by the force acting to expand the cell periphery, and an active phase in which additional cortical MFs are pulled forward by interaction with the first set. Subsequent interactions between peripheral microfilament bundles and filaments in the deeper cytoplasm could then transmit the advance gained by lamellar expansion to the bulk of the cytoplasm.

Increased matrix gene expression by glucose in rat neural connective tissue cells in culture

Diabetes ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Muona ◽  
J. Peltonen ◽  
S. Jaakkola ◽  
J. Uitto
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Cells In Culture ◽  
Matrix Gene ◽  
Tissue Cells
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