scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE BLOOD VESSELS IN THE MEMBRANES OF CHICK EMBRYOS

1930 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Cohn ◽  
Fritz Lange
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Physiological Property ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Elastic Tissue ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Small Arteries ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Cell Layers

On the basis of the anatomical studies presented the following inferences or conclusions are drawn. 1. In the course of development there appear in the vascular membranes of chick embryos arterial vessels of all calibers, namely, capillaries, small arteries with 2 or 3 cell layers, and large arteries formed of endothelium, longitudinal and circular layers of muscle and adventitia. 2. In none of the stages are elastic fibers developed. Only in the most central portion of the umbilical artery, in that portion namely which is to be regarded as belonging to the embryo, are elastic fibers discoverable. 3. The structure of capillaries is histologically the same at all stages. The small arteries of embryos 10 days old resemble histologically those of 18. At no stage of development are appearances of degeneration nor of fat to be found in arteries. When the physiological results of our investigations are compared with the anatomical ones the following comments may be made. In respect to Paragraph 1 of the anatomical results we may remark that when we study the different forms of the wall of arterial vessels the most delicate vessels consisting of single cells exhibit the greatest irritability. Those which are built of 3 to 4 muscle layers are less irritable. Stouter vessels appearing for the first time at 10 days of incubation require stronger stimuli to bring about the same reaction. In respect to Paragraph 2 of the anatomical results we may make this comment. The absence of elastic fibers in all arteries of the embryonic membranes throughout the period of their development is important in defining a physiological property of the larger vessels. The medium and larger vessels, beginning with the 4th day of incubation, contract differently from normal adult human arteries. In the contracted state they appear in cross section not as small replicas of larger circular structures, but take on a new form. During the course of contraction they become flat and appear band-like as would a garden hose when it is compressed by a weight. In examining a vessel so contracted one sees on rotating the vessel either a broad side or a narrow one. It is for this reason that such arteries appear alternately narrow as a line or broad as a band. It is not until the narrow artery is elevated with a hook that its uniform band-like nature becomes evident. The absence of elastic tissue, the presence of which in all probability is mainly responsible for the usual shape of arteries on cross section, permits one to see how the phenomenon which has been described may come about. Concerning Paragraph 3 of the anatomical conclusions we have this to say. According to the histological investigation a stage of degeneration is wanting in the blood vessels of the embryonic membrane in a sense in which one is accustomed to see such changes in other blood vessel systems during the course of life. On the day of hatching the constituent cells and fibers of the arteries of all calibers are anatomically the same as in their early development. These vessels do not die as the result of aging: The nutrient fluid ceases to flow because of contraction of the umbilical vessels. The blood vessels die in complete possession of their physiological irritability and anatomical integrity. The unaltered irritability of blood vessels of the same caliber at all ages is consonant with their unaltered anatomical structure.

Ultrastructure of Blood Vessels of the Area Pellucida of Control and X-irradiated Chick Embryos

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 118-119
Author(s):  
Margaret H. Sanderson ◽  
S. Phyllis Steamer
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Mesenchyme Cells ◽  
Area Pellucida

The chick embryo exposed to lethal doses of ionizing radiations develops a fatal circulatory failure within a few hours. This report describes the blood vessels of the area pellucida (a part of the extra-embryonic membranes of the chick embryo) and the effect of 250 kVp x-radiation upon them.Three-day chick embryos, x-irradiated in ovo with 1000-1200 R, were fixed 1-2 hours after exposure. The area pellucida is a multi-layered membrane consisting of ectoderm, somatic and splanchnic mesoderm, and endoderm (Fig. 1). The vascular system arises from the splanchnic mesoderm. The walls of small and medium-sized vessels are composed of endothelial cells, an occasional pericyte and processes of adjacent mesenchyme cells. Types of vessels cannot be distinguished at this stage of development; a basement membrane is seen only in isolated areas. The wall appears double or triple-layered, but the endothelium is frequently less than 0.1 micron thick (Fig. 2). Endothelial cells contain a large complement of polyribosomes, mitochondria, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, a Golgi complex, pinocytotic vesicles and several kinds of inclusion bodies. The nucleus has a well-defined nucleolus.

An increase of elastic tissue fibers in blood vessel walls of placental stem villi and differences in the thickness of blood vessel walls in third trimester pre-eclampsia pregnancies

Open Medicine ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özlem Baran ◽  
Mehmet Tuncer ◽  
Yusuf Nergiz ◽  
Murat Akkuş ◽  
Mahmut Erdemoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Elastic Tissue ◽  
Fiber System ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Terminal Villi ◽  
Vessel Walls ◽  
Stem Villi

AbstractThis study has goals of examining whether pre-eclampsia may lead to an increase of elastic tissue fibers in blood vessel walls of placental stem villi or whether there are differences in the thickness of blood vessel walls within these villi when compared to normotensive pregnant women. Non-infarcted placental tissue samples from 28 participants with uncomplicated pregnancies and 26 patients with pre-eclampsia were obtained. After routine histological procedures, the sections were processed either for conventional Verhoeff staining for the demonstration of elastic fiber system. Paraffine sections from placenta biopsies prepared for light microscopic examination were gathered. In uncomplicated pregnancies, terminal villi blood vessels were observed with no stained elastic tissue fibers in most areas. In the pre-eclampsia pregnancy of human placenta, the elastic fibers significiantly increased in terminal villi blood vessel walls which were dark in color, using Verhoeff’s tissue stain, when comparing with the uncomplicated pregnancy group. Our results indicate that an increase of elastic tissue fibers in blood vessels of placental stem villus and terminal villi, and also an increase of wall thickness during pre-eclampsia.

Ultrastructure and Staining of Developing Elastic Tissue

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
E. N. Albert
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Rat Aorta ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Elastic Tissue ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
New Born

Silver tetraphenylporphine sulfonate (Ag-TPPS) was synthesized in this laboratory and used as an electron dense stain for elastic tissue (Fig 1). The procedures for the synthesis of tetraphenylporphine sulfonate and the staining method for mature elastic tissue have been described previously.The fine structure of developing elastic tissue was observed in fetal and new born rat aorta using tetraphenylporphine sulfonate, phosphotungstic acid, uranyl acetate and lead citrate. The newly forming elastica consisted of two morphologically distinct components. These were a central amorphous and a peripheral fibrous. The ratio of the central amorphous and the peripheral fibrillar portion changed in favor of the former with increasing age.It was also observed that the staining properties of the two components were entirely different. The peripheral fibrous component stained with uranyl acetate and/or lead citrate while the central amorphous portion demonstrated no affinity for these stains. On the other hand, the central amorphous portion of developing elastic fibers stained vigorously with silver tetraphenylporphine sulfonate, while the fibrillar part did not (compare figs 2, 3, 4). Based upon the above observations it is proposed that developing elastica consists of two components that are morphologically and chemically different.

Penile Lichen Sclerosus and “Nevus Elasticus”

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Maiara Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Wendel Souza Kruschewsky ◽  
Nathanael de Freitas Pinheiro Junior ◽  
Daniel Abensur Athanazio
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Cutaneous Lesion ◽  
Lichen Sclerosus ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Deep Dermis

The association between penile lichen sclerosus and striking accumulation of elastic fibers in deep dermis has been described in rare reports, mostly in vulvar lesions. We describe one case of severe balanopreputial adhesions related to lichen sclerosus and this form of elastosis, with no concomitant neoplasia. Aggregates of elastic fibers were seen in deep dermis and in blood vessels. The lesion mirrors nevus elasticus and nevus elasticus vascularis – a well described cutaneous lesion with no known association with lichen sclerosus.

Elastic properties of single elastic fibers

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Carton ◽  
John Dainauskas ◽  
John W. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Exponential Function ◽  
Elastic System ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Elastic Tissue ◽  
Elastic Network ◽  
Single Fibers ◽  
Applied Tension

The elastic properties of elastic tissue were studied in a situation which minimized the effects of extraneous connective tissue and of the position of fibers in the elastic network. Single elastic fibers were dissected free from the ligamentum nuchae of the ox and were stretched under conditions of constant temperature and salinity. The strain was an exponential function of the applied tension. Single fibers were found somewhat less stretchable than the ligaments from which they were taken. The data given can be used to calculate the contribution of such elastic fibers to the behavior of an elastic system in which they are incorporated. Submitted on August 7, 1961

Decrease of elastic tissue fibres in stem villus blood vessels of the human placenta during IUGR and IUGR with concomitant pre-eclampsia

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Wilhelm ◽  
Ulrich Mansmann ◽  
Hermann Neudeck ◽  
Dragan Matejevic ◽  
Klaus Vetter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Human Placenta ◽  
Elastic Tissue

Sialoconjugates and development of the tail bud

Development ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-489
Author(s):  
C.M. Griffith ◽  
M.J. Wiley
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Lectin Histochemistry ◽  
Limulus Polyphemus ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Developmental Sequence ◽  
Tail Bud ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Axial Development

Using lectin histochemistry, we have previously shown that there are alterations in the distribution of glycoconjugates in the tail bud of chick embryos that parallel the developmental sequence of the caudal axis. If glycoconjugates or the cells bearing them play a role in caudal axial development, then, restriction of their availability by binding with lectins would be expected to produce abnormalities of caudal development. In the present study, we treated embryos at various stages of tail bud development by microinjection with a variety of lectins. Administration of WGA by sub-blastodermal injection resulted in high incidences of secondary neural tube and notochordal abnormalities in lectin-treated embryos. The incidence of malformations was dependent upon both the dose of WGA received and the stage of development at the time of treatment. Using an anti-WGA antibody, we have also shown binding of the lectin in regions where defects were found. The lectin WGA binds to the sialic acid residues of glycoconjugates and to N-acetylglucosamine. Treatment of embryos with Limulus polyphemus lectin (LPL), which also binds to sialic acid, produced results similar to those of WGA. Treatments using lectins with other sugar-binding specificities, including succinylated WGA (with N-acetylglucosamine specificity only) produced defects that differed from those produced by WGA and LPL, and only with the administration of much higher doses. The results suggest that glycoconjugates in general and sialoconjugates in particular, or the cells carrying them, may have a role in caudal axial development.

Abnormal skin development in pupoid foetus (pf/pf) mutant mice

Development ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-64
Author(s):  
Chris Fisher ◽  
Edward J. Kollar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Skin Development ◽  
Cell Layers

At 13 days of development the epidermis of mice homozygous for the pupoid foetus (pf/pf) mutation varies in thickness between one and ten cell layers. By 16 days of development cells from the dermis have invaded the epidermis and may be found throughout the epidermis and on its surface. Among these cells are nerve fibres and Schwann cells as well as other unidentified cells. Antibodies directed against fibronectin bind to these abnormal groups of cells in the mutant epidermis and on its surface. A basal lamina, as determined by ultrastructure and by the immuno-fluorescent localization of laminin, was always found at the interface of the mutant epidermis and the invading cell population. By 19 days of development the mutant epidermis is thickened and is permeated by a network of cells including nerve fibres, Schwann cells, blood vessels, and collagen and fibronectin-secreting cells. A basal lamina always separates these groups of invading cells from the epidermal cell population.

A decay of gap junctions in association with cell differentiation of neural retina in chick embryonic development

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-596
Author(s):  
H. Fujisawa ◽  
H. Morioka ◽  
K. Watanabe ◽  
H. Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Neural Retina ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Retinal Cells ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Pigmented Epithelium ◽  
Membrane Region

Ultrastructural studies of thin-sectioned and freeze-cleaved materials were performed on developing retinal tissues of 3- to 9-day-old chick embryos to clarify the junctional structures between neural retinal cells and between neural retinal cells and cells of the pigmented epithelium. Frequency, size and position of gap junctions in developing neural retina are different at each stage of development. In 3-day-old embryos, some cells adhere to each other by gap junctions immediately below the outer limiting membrane of neural retinae. The size and number of gap junctions increase remarkably during 5–6 days of incubation. In this period of development, well developed gap junctions consisting of subcompartments of intramembrane particles are found between cell surfaces at both the outer limiting membrane region and the deeper portion of the neural retina. Gap junctions disappear thereafter, and at 7-5 days of incubation, small gap junctions are predominant between cell surfaces at the outer limiting membrane region, while the frequency of gap junctions in the deeper portion is very low. At 9 days of incubation, gap junctions are rarely found. Typical gap junctions are always found between neural retinal cells and those of the pigmented epithelium in embryos up to 7-5 days of incubation. Tight junctions are not found in the neural retina or between neural retina and pigmented epithelium throughout the stages examined.

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