scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE SEROLOGICAL TYPING OF STREPTOCOCCUS HEMOLYTICUS

1937 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth H. Pauli ◽  
Alvin F. Coburn ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Cross Reactions ◽  
Serological Classification ◽  
Serological Identification ◽  
Serological Typing ◽  
The Cross

The cross-reactions which interfere with satisfactory serological identification of hemolytic streptococcus are due to anticarbohydrate in the sera used for typing. This antibody can be removed easily by absorption with purified streptococcus carbohydrate, and type identification is then readily established. The serological classification of hemolytic streptococcus from throat infections contracted in New York during 1935 and 1936 showed the predominance of types 4, 13 and 22. Type 13 appeared to be the most serious in initiating rheumatic activity during this period of observation.

scholarly journals Serological studies ofBacteroides fragilis

1977 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Elhag ◽  
K. A. Bettelheim ◽  
Soad Tabaqchali
Keyword(s):  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Cross Reactions ◽  
Homologous Antigen ◽  
Specific Antisera ◽  
Serological Studies ◽  
The Cross ◽  
O Antigens

SUMMARYUsing direct agglutination methods, a simple serological scheme for the classification ofBacteroides fragilisis described. Twenty strains ofB. fragiliswere selected by a process of successive screening from 151 strains obtained from various sources. O-antigens were prepared from the 20 strains, and used to raise antisera in rabbits.Each of the 20 antisera reacted with its homologous antigen and eight antisera cross-reacted with other subspecies. These cross-reactions were successfully removed after absorption of the antisera with the cross-reacting antigens, resulting in 19 type-specific antisera, titres ranging from 40 to 320, and 19 distinct serotypes ofB. fragilis. There was no correlation between the antigenic and the biochemical characteristics of these strains and no cross-reactions occurred with other gram-negative anaerobes,B. melaninogenicus, Sphaerophorus necrophorusandFuso-bacterium necrogenes.

scholarly journals PRECIPITATION AND COMPLEMENT FIXATION REACTIONS WITH RESIDUE ANTIGENS IN THE NON-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS GROUP

1924 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 575-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Hitchcock
Keyword(s):  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Heterogeneous Group ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Streptococcus Group ◽  
Cross Reactions

The applicability to the non-hemolytic streptococci of the technique used for the extraction of a soluble precipitating substance from the hemolytic streptococci is demonstrated. With this substance as antigen, it is demonstrated by means of precipitation and complement fixation that the non-hemolytic streptococci form an antigenically distinct, but entirely heterogeneous group. Such cross-reactions as do occur within this group are not useful in the systematic classification of these organisms.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE ANTIGENIC COMPOSITION OF GROUP A HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI

1944 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter A. Stewart ◽  
Rebecca C. Lancefield ◽  
Armine T. Wilson ◽  
Homer F. Swift
Keyword(s):  
T Antigen ◽  
T Antigens ◽  
Antigenic Composition ◽  
Slide Agglutination ◽  
Cross Reactions ◽  
Specific Antisera ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Cross

1. The occurrence of closely related T antigens in the series composed of types 15, 17, 19, 23, and 30 accounts for most of the cross reactions observed among these types. Similarly T antigens, unrelated to the first series but mutually related, occur in a second series comprising types 4, 24, 26, 28, 29, and 46. 2. Matt variants of each of the eleven types studied possess type-specific M antigens demonstrable either by precipitin or agglutinin reactions. 3. In seven of these types, strains have been encountered which do not possess the T antigen usually associated with the type in question. 4. Procedures are outlined in the appendix for preparing specific antisera for the classification of these types by the slide agglutination technique.

ABOUT THE PROBLEM OF CLASSIFICATION OF THE CONCEPTS OF INFORMATICS STUDIED AT SECONDARY SCHOOL

2018 ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
S. I. Zenko
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Definition Of

The article raises the problem of classification of the concepts of computer science and informatics studied at secondary school. The efficiency of creation of techniques of training of pupils in these concepts depends on its solution. The author proposes to consider classifications of the concepts of school informatics from four positions: on the cross-subject basis, the content lines of the educational subject "Informatics", the logical and structural interrelations and interactions of the studied concepts, the etymology of foreign-language and translated words in the definition of the concepts of informatics. As a result of the first classification general and special concepts are allocated; the second classification — inter-content and intra-content concepts; the third classification — stable (steady), expanding, key and auxiliary concepts; the fourth classification — concepts-nouns, conceptsverbs, concepts-adjectives and concepts — combinations of parts of speech.

As an Act of Protest and Emotional Catharsis About the Ugly Truth of Racism

2021 ◽  
pp. 002216782110086
Author(s):  
Dennis Leroy Kangalee ◽  
Eric Greene ◽  
Nisha Gupta
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
African American ◽  
Police Brutality ◽  
Racial Trauma ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cross

In this edited interview, psychologists Eric Greene and Nisha Gupta interview filmmaker Dennis Leroy Kangalee about his film As an Act of Protest (2002), which is about a young African American actor named Cairo Medina who goes through a station-of-the-cross journey to find the meaning of his life and eradicate the racism and police brutality that continue to plague the world. In this conversation, Dennis shares the genesis of the film as a response to the police brutality occurring in New York in the late 1990s, the psychological struggles he experienced while making this film and enduring backlash to it, and his desire to convey raw emotional truths about the ugliness of racism and racial trauma through a style of radically honest filmmaking that can foster catharsis, reflection, and transformation.

Serological classification of Beauveria bassiana

1988 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Shimizu ◽  
Keio Aizawa
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Serological Classification

scholarly journals Naturally induced auto-anit-idiotypic antibodies. Induction by identical idiotopes in some members of an outbred rabbit family.

1982 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 860-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
S B Binion ◽  
L S Rodkey
Keyword(s):  
Germ Line ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Idiotypic Network ◽  
Paternal Origin ◽  
Cross Reactions ◽  
Network Concept ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Micrococcus Lysodeikticus ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Antibody Population

Naturally induced auto-anti-idiotypic (AAI) antibody responses specific for antimicrococcal antibody idiotypes were detected in 42% of the rabbits in a family immunized with Micrococcus lysodeikticus. The natural AAI response of each rabbit recognized only a portion (11-41%) of that individual's total antimicrococcal antibody population. Cross-reactions of idiotypes were observed within the group of rabbits exhibiting natural AAI responses. Examination of the basis for the cross-reactions showed that the natural AAI antisera recognized identical idiotopes on the antimicrococcal F(ab')2 fragments from each rabbit that made an AAI response. The cross-reactive idiotopes were shown to be of paternal origin and were found in the antimicrococcal antibodies of each offspring. The data strongly support the idiotypic network concept that naturally induced AAI responses may occur routinely in outbred normal individuals as a result of antigenic stimulation. Further, the data suggest that the induction of regulatory AAI antibody responses in outbred rabbits may depend on the expression of particular germ line idiotopes.

scholarly journals SEROLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE GENUSSACCHAROMYCES(II)

1961 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Tsuchiya ◽  
Yoshimura Fukazawa ◽  
Yutaka Yamase
Keyword(s):  
Serological Classification
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